Explicit Cursors Cursors Close Context Area Implicit Cursor Open Fetch Active Set

CIS 421 - Database Applications
Homework# 1 ==> Cursor

deadline==> 25/5/2020
weight==> 5%
Database Programming with PL/SQL

6-1: Introduction to Explicit Cursors
Practice Activities
Vocabulary
Identify the vocabulary word for each definition below:
Explicit Cursors Declared by the programmer for queries that return more than one
row
Cursors A label for a context area or a pointer to the context area
Close Disables a cursor, releases the context area, and undefines the active
set
Context area An allocated memory area used to store the data processed by a SQL
statement
Implicit Cursor Defined automatically by Oracle for all SQL DML statements, and for
SELECT statements that return only one row
Statement that executes the query associated with the cursor,

open identifies the active set, and positions the cursor pointer to the first
row
Statement that retrieves the current row and advances the cursor to
fetch the next row either until there are no more rows or until a specified
condition is met
Active set The set of rows returned by a multiple row query in an explicit cursor
operation
2
Try It / Solve It
1. In your own words, explain the difference between implicit and explicit cursors.
An implicit is created by the database when certain events happen, whilst a explicit cursor
is user defined and can hold multiple rows.
2. Which SQL statement can use either an explicit or an implicit cursor, as needed?
Select Statement that returns only one row.

3. List two circumstances in which you would use an explicit cursor.
Multiple return rows each row needs to be fetched manually .

4. Exercise using CURRENCIES tables:
A. Write a PL/SQL block to declare a cursor called currencies_cur. The cursor will be used to
read and display all rows from the CURRENCIES table. You will need to retrieve
currency_code and currency_name, ordered by ascending currency_name.
DECLARE CURSOR currencies_cur IS SELECT currency_code, currency_name

FROM currencies
B. Add a statement to open the currencies_cur cursor.
open currencies_cur;
C. Add variable declarations and an executable statement to read ONE row through the
currencies_cur cursor into local variables.
v_curr_code currencies.currency_code%TYPE;
v_curr_name currencies.currency_name%TYPE;
D. Add a statement to display the fetched row, and a statement to close the
currencies_cur cursor.
FETCH curr encies_cur INTO v_curr _code,

v_curr_name;DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE( v_curr_code || ' ' || v_curr_name );
CLOSE currencies_cur;
E. Run your block to confirm that it works. It should display: AFA Afghani.
DECLARE
CURSOR wf_currencies_cur IS
SELECT currency_code, currency_name FROM wf_currencies
ORDER BY currency_name ASC;

v_curr_code wf_currencies.currency_code%TYPE; v_curr_name
wf_currencies.currency_name%TYPE;
BEGIN
OPEN wf_currencies_cur;
FETCH wf_currencies_cur INTO v_curr_code, v_curr_name;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_curr_code || ' is ' || v_curr_name);
CLOSE wf_currencies_cur;
END;
4
F. Your code so far displays only one row. Modify your code so that it fetches and displays all the
rows, using a LOOP and EXIT statement. Test your modified block. It should fetch and display
each row in the CURRENCIES table. If it doesn't, check that your EXIT statement is in the
correct place in the code.
DECLARE
CURSOR wf_currencies_cur IS
SELECT currency_code, currency_name FROM wf_currencies
ORDER BY currency_name ASC;
v_curr_code wf_currencies.currency_code%TYPE;
v_curr_name wf_currencies.currency_name%TYPE;
BEGIN
OPEN wf_currencies_cur;
LOOP
FETCH wf_currencies_cur INTO v_curr_code, v_curr_name;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_curr_code || ' is ' || v_curr_name); EXIT WHEN

wf_currencies_cur%NOTFOUND;
END LOOP;
CLOSE wf_currencies_cur;
END;
G. Write and test a PL/SQL block to read and display all the rows in the COUNTRIES table for all
countries in region 5 (South America region). For each selected country, display the
country_name, national_holiday_date, and national_holiday_name. Display only those
countries having a national holiday date that is not null. Save your code (you will need it in the
next practice).
DECLARE
CURSOR wf_holiday_cur IS
SELECT country_name, national_holiday_date, national_holiday_name FROM wf_countries
WHERE region_id = 5 AND national_holiday_date IS NOT NULL;
v_country_name wf_countries.country_name%TYPE; v_national_holiday_date

wf_countries.national_holiday_date%TYPE; v_national_holiday_name
wf_countries.national_holiday_name%TYPE; BEGIN
OPEN wf_holiday_cur;
LOOP
FETCH wf_holiday_cur INTO v_country_name, v_national_holiday_date,
v_national_holiday_name;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_country_name || ' has the holiday ' ||

v_national_holiday_name || ' on ' || TO_CHAR(v_national_holiday_date));
EXIT WHEN wf_holiday_cur%NOTFOUND;
END LOOP;
CLOSE wf_holiday_cur;
END;
5
5. Identify three guidelines for declaring and using explicit cursors.
1- Uppercase key words like CURSOR , OPEN , FETCH , CLOSE

2- Always write your code with in an indentation .
3- declare the variables you use to FETCH into

with the %TYPE attribute of the corresponding
column
6. Write a PL/SQL block to read and display the names of world regions, with a count of the
number of countries in each region. Include only those regions having at least 10
countries. Order your output by ascending region name.
DECLARE
CURSOR region_cursor IS
SELECT region_id, COUNT(*) AS how_many FROM
wf_countries
GROUP BY region_id HAVING
COUNT(*) > 10;
v_reg wf_countries.region_id%TYPE; nr
PLS_INTEGER;
BEGIN
OPEN region_cursor;
LOOP
FETCH region_cursor INTO v_reg, nr;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_reg||' -> '||nr);
EXIT WHEN region_cursor%NOTFOUND;
END LOOP;
CLOSE region_cursor;
END;
NAME : ASHRAF JARADAT

ID : 123618

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CIS 421 - Database Applications

Homework# 1 ==> Cursor

Database Programming with PL/SQL

Cursors A label for a context area or a pointer to the context area

Statement that executes the query associated with the cursor,

Select Statement that returns only one row.

Multiple return rows each row needs to be fetched manually .

DECLARE CURSOR currencies_cur IS SELECT currency_code, currency_name

B. Add a statement to open the currencies_cur cursor.

FETCH curr encies_cur INTO v_curr _code,

ORDER BY currency_name ASC;

ORDER BY currency_name ASC;

FETCH wf_currencies_cur INTO v_curr_code, v_curr_name;

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_curr_code || ' is ' || v_curr_name); EXIT WHEN

WHERE region_id = 5 AND national_holiday_date IS NOT NULL;

v_country_name wf_countries.country_name%TYPE; v_national_holiday_date

FETCH wf_holiday_cur INTO v_country_name, v_national_holiday_date,

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_country_name || ' has the holiday ' ||

EXIT WHEN wf_holiday_cur%NOTFOUND;

1- Uppercase key words like CURSOR , OPEN , FETCH , CLOSE

3- declare the variables you use to FETCH into

NAME : ASHRAF JARADAT

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