The document describes a manual mixing process that involves three steps: filling a tank to a predetermined level, agitating the liquid for 30 minutes, and then draining the tank. It asks if the provided ladder logic schematic correctly performs this function. The ladder logic schematic and accompanying slides explain relay-based logic concepts like AND, OR, NOT, latching, timers, and state transition diagrams that can be used to model processes and automate them with programmable logic controllers.
The document describes a manual mixing process that involves three steps: filling a tank to a predetermined level, agitating the liquid for 30 minutes, and then draining the tank. It asks if the provided ladder logic schematic correctly performs this function. The ladder logic schematic and accompanying slides explain relay-based logic concepts like AND, OR, NOT, latching, timers, and state transition diagrams that can be used to model processes and automate them with programmable logic controllers.
The document describes a manual mixing process that involves three steps: filling a tank to a predetermined level, agitating the liquid for 30 minutes, and then draining the tank. It asks if the provided ladder logic schematic correctly performs this function. The ladder logic schematic and accompanying slides explain relay-based logic concepts like AND, OR, NOT, latching, timers, and state transition diagrams that can be used to model processes and automate them with programmable logic controllers.
The document describes a manual mixing process that involves three steps: filling a tank to a predetermined level, agitating the liquid for 30 minutes, and then draining the tank. It asks if the provided ladder logic schematic correctly performs this function. The ladder logic schematic and accompanying slides explain relay-based logic concepts like AND, OR, NOT, latching, timers, and state transition diagrams that can be used to model processes and automate them with programmable logic controllers.
A manual mixing operation is to be automated using sequential
process control methods. The process composed of three steps: a.) filling a tank to a predetermined level b.) agitating the liquid for 30 minutes c.) draining the tank for use in another part of process
Does the ladder logic schematic below perform this function
correctly?
et438b-7.ppt 1 Combinational and Sequential Logic with Relays and Contacts Let contact state represent a logical value Also called Form A contact
Also called Form B contact
potential grd
output
AB=C
inputs
With electromechanical relays fan-in and fan-out
limited by number of contacts in relays
Conditions A AND B must be present to energize
output C Note: all contacts are considered instantaneous and not held unless modified et438b-7.ppt 2 More Logic Functions OR Function
potential grd
A + B = C Boolean expression
Either A OR B will cause coil C to be energized
Contacts A, B represent conditions or states in the sequential process
NOT Function
Boolean Expression B=A
et438b-7.ppt 3 Constructing Other Logic Functions
120 Vac grd
Combine the AND function with the NOT function
to get a NAND operation.
Rung 1 implements the AND function
Rung 2 implements the NOT function
Any contact associated with coil D with change
state like a NAND TTL gate.
et438b-7.ppt 4 Multiple Input AND/NAND Functions
A B C = E and A B C = E
Can add a memory action to the above by including
a feedback from the output coil to the inputs
B and C are not sealed seal-in contact
et438b-7.ppt 5 All Inputs Latched AND/NAND
seal-in contact 2
Contact E in rung 2 is a feedback from the output
that makes circuit ignore state changes of A, B and C after the condition A B C is detected.
The output can not change unless the circuit is
de-energized.
et438b-7.ppt 6 Motor Control Example Three-wire control- used for manual and automatic motor starting.
120 Vac Control wiring
GRD
M1 seals-in the start PB. Motor stops when power lost
motor
480 VLL
Power wiring Thermal overloads actuate the control contacts OL1 to OL3
et438b-7.ppt 7 Multiple Input OR/NOR Function
1 OR
4 OR output
5 NOR output
Outputs A+B+C = E
A+B+C = E
Notice that Relay logic is similar to TTL. Can use
True tables and Boolean Expression to do designs et438b-7.ppt 8 Ladder Logic Memory Elements Mechanically latched relay - maintains state even when power removed. Has two coils (operate, reset)
Typical wiring
Inputs A and B set the output contacts E and
reset then respectively. This give toggle action that “remembers” the last input state even when power is removed
Typical Applications
Reversing Motor starters. Reclose Relay Cut-out
et438b-7.ppt 9 Off-Return Memory
1 5
Remember all contacts are drawn with the coils
de-energized
Energize and re-energize circuit - Load 2 on
no continuity in rungs 1-4 Continuity in rung 6 Press A: continuity rung 2 Both loads on Press B: continuity rung 4 Both loads off
et438b-7.ppt 10 Timer Subcircuits
1 3
2 4 3
Rung 1: when input A is energized timer TR-E
starts
Schematic indicates that this is a on-delay timer.
After defined interval TR-E in rung 2 opens and TR-E in rung 3 closes
Load 1 is deactivated after time delay
Load 2 is activated after time delay
Load 3 is instantaneously deactivated by TR-E
et438b-7.ppt 11 “Form C” Contacts Loads are toggled between a common point
Typical “Form C” contacts include both a NO and NC
contact arrangement. Used in some sensors for more flexibility
Contact A creates a remote control toggle switch
et438b-7.ppt 12 Design Example: Reciprocating Motion Process
A workpiece must travel back and forth on a conveyor. The location
of the workpiece is determined by two limit switches. When the location is detected control signal are sent to a reversing motor contactor. The machine is started and stopped from a local set of push button switches. Develop a ladder logic diagram to implement this control.
Determine the inputs to system
Determine the states of the system
Determine the Outputs of the system
Relate the inputs to the states and outputs
Use logic design techniques to create the logical relationships
et438b-7.ppt 13 Example Solution States: S0: off S1: on-forward, S1: off-forward S2: on reverse, S2: off-reverse
This allows the designer to examine the interaction
between desired conditions and find their logical relationships and sequence. Use in digital computer design
et438b-7.ppt 14 State Transition Methods Definitions State - current operational mode of system Conditions (inputs) - inputs required for leaving the current state and moving to another state Actions (outputs) - actions performed by system when the transition from one state to another take place
When a set of inputs (conditions) become valid for
leaving a state, the system is direct to the destination state
