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Hazards: Static-0 Hazard

1. Hazards refer to glitches or unwanted switching transients that can occur at the output of a circuit due to different path delays. 2. Hazards can cause temporary false outputs in combinational circuits or wrong state transitions in asynchronous sequential circuits. 3. The presence of hazards poses challenges for asynchronous circuit design since glitches may be interpreted as valid transitions, leading to incorrect behavior.

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418 views7 pages

Hazards: Static-0 Hazard

1. Hazards refer to glitches or unwanted switching transients that can occur at the output of a circuit due to different path delays. 2. Hazards can cause temporary false outputs in combinational circuits or wrong state transitions in asynchronous sequential circuits. 3. The presence of hazards poses challenges for asynchronous circuit design since glitches may be interpreted as valid transitions, leading to incorrect behavior.

Uploaded by

abuzar rao
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Hazards

1. Hazards refer to glitches or unwanted switching transients that may appear


at the output of a circuit owing to different delays produced by different
paths.
2. Hazard occurs in combinational circuit, where it may cause a temporary false
output value. When it occurs in an asynchronous sequential circuit, it may
lead to a wrong transition in state table.
3. The presence of hazards poses a fundamental challenge to the design of
asynchronous circuits, since a glitch may be misunderstood by another part
of the circuit as a valid transition and cause incorrect behaviour.

Static- 0 hazard:

When the output of the circuit is to remain at 0, and a momentary 1 output is


possible during the transmission between the two inputs, then the hazard is called
a static 0-hazard.
Static- 1 hazard:
When the output of the circuit is to remain at 1, and a momentary 0 output is
possible during the transmission between the two inputs, then the hazard is called
a static 1-hazard.
Dynamic hazard:

A dynamic hazard is defined as a transient change occurring two or more times at


an output terminal of a logic network when the output is supposed to change only
once during a transition between two input states differing in the value of one
variable.

Hazards in Combinational Circuits


Delay of NOT = AND 1 = AND 2 = OR gate = t

X1 X2 X3 NOT AND 1 AND 2 OR (Y)

Initially 1 1 1 0 1 0 1

T0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1

T0+t 1 0 1 1 0 0 1

T0+2t 1 0 1 1 0 1 0

T0+3t 1 0 1 1 0 1 1
Hazards in Sequential Circuits

(a) Excitation Table


Example : 1
Design a hazard-free circuit to implement the following function.
F (A, B, C, D) = Σm (1, 3, 6, 7, 13, 15)

F=A’B’D+ A’BC+ ABD

Hazard- free realization


• First additional product term; A’CD,
overlapping two groups (group 1 & 2)
• Second additional product term; BCD,
overlapping the two groups (group 2 & 3)

F=A’B’D+ A’BC+ ABD+ A’CD+ BCD


Example : 2
Design a hazard-free circuit to implement the following function.
F (A, B, C, D) = Σm (0, 2, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12).

F= B’D’+ A’BC+ AC’D’

F= B’D’+ A’BC+ AC’D’+ A’CD’

Hazard free realization


Dynamic Hazard Example :

F= X1X2’ + X1X2 X4 + X3’X4

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