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Cementing

Primary cementing involves sealing the annulus between the casing and formation immediately after running casing into the wellbore. Secondary cementing is used later in well operations like plugging back or squeeze cementing. Primary cementing can be single or multi-stage and functions to support the casing, isolate zones, provide well control, prevent fluid migration, and protect the casing from corrosion. Key factors for a good cement job include cleaning the annulus, centering the casing, bonding cement to casing, and strengthening the cement sheath. Common cement additives are retarders, accelerators, fluid loss additives, bridging materials, heavyweight additives, and lightweight additives which control setting time, prevent fluid loss, bridge zones,

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57 views2 pages

Cementing

Primary cementing involves sealing the annulus between the casing and formation immediately after running casing into the wellbore. Secondary cementing is used later in well operations like plugging back or squeeze cementing. Primary cementing can be single or multi-stage and functions to support the casing, isolate zones, provide well control, prevent fluid migration, and protect the casing from corrosion. Key factors for a good cement job include cleaning the annulus, centering the casing, bonding cement to casing, and strengthening the cement sheath. Common cement additives are retarders, accelerators, fluid loss additives, bridging materials, heavyweight additives, and lightweight additives which control setting time, prevent fluid loss, bridge zones,

Uploaded by

Ashish Kumar Jha
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CEMENTING

Type of cementing:

1) Primary cementing:
Primary cementing is performed immediately after casing has been run in to the well bore to
seal and separate each zone and protect pipe.
2) Secondary cementing :
It is usually a part of well servicing and work over operation. a) plugging back to another
producing zone, b) plugging dry hole, c) Formation squeeze cementing.

Primary cementing:

1) Single stage cementing: Pumping calculated volume of slurry into casing, after pipe has been
landed at desired depth, and displacing slurry around the shoe and into the annulus in a
circulating mode with another fluid (water, mud, or completion fluid).
2) Multi stage cementing: it is used in wells that have critical fractural gradient.

Function of primary cementing:

1) Provide structural support and restrain casing.


2) To seal annulus between pipe and formation against fluid movement from one zone to other
zone.
3) To provide well control by weight and rapid curing after protective mud is displaced.
4) To prevent pollution of freshwater formation
5) To prevent casing exterior from corrosion
6) To protect intermediate casing from torque and shock load during drilling deeper.

Five important factor of good cementing job:

1) Cleaning of annulus that enhance bonding of casing with well bore


2) Centering casing in well bore in order to have uniform sheath of cement around casing.
3) Bonding cement to casing to avoid possibility micro annulus.
4) Strengthening the cement in the annulus space to allow for perforation in the producing
zone.

Oil well cement and additive:

 Portland cement is one which is used in most common on oil well.


 Port land cement (limestone, clay or shale and iron are base material while gypsum and
other additive are added to improve strength.)
 Classification of cement. A) Neat, B) Trailered mixtures.
 Trailer mixtures are popular in use because of its capability to withstand higher temperature
and higher pressure.
 API has classified cement in 8 classes on the basis of its property and suitability to use.
 Class G and Class H are the one which are used most commonly.
 Class F is used for extremely high pressure and temperature condition.
Cement additives:

 Retarder: In high temperature formation, cement main thicken and set prematurely before
reaching in the final placement, retarder are used to prolong setting time. e.g: large amount
of sodium chloride, lignosulfonates.
 Accelerator: For low temperature formation, an accelerator may be used to reduce setting
time. The accelerator act as catalyst, causing cement to absorb water quickly and set faster.
Example: Sodium chloride, calcium chloride, barite.
 Fluid Loss Additive: It prevents or minimizes water loss into formation during slurry
placement. It prevents filter cake formation in annulus which bridge the space between
casing and formation and abrupt proper placement of rest cement. Example dispersant and
organic cellulose, bentonite.
 Bridging material: These are fibrous, flaky, or granular material added to cement slurry to
prevent excessive loss of cement in the lost circulation zone. Kolite, Gilsonite and Clinton
flake are bridging material.
 Heavyweight Additives: These materials added in the slurry to make it dense enough to be
used in high pressure zone. Where heavy drilling muds are used to keep well in controlled
situation and prevent it from blowing out. Barite (barium sulfate), Hematite (iron oxide).
 Lightweight Additive: These are added to reduce the weight of the slurry so the cement can
flow past low pressure zones or soft formation without damaging well bore formation.
Example: Pozzplans, silicates,foam.
 Extender: These are additive to increase the yield of cement. Extender increase amount of
water require to mix cement.

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