Chapter Twelve

A R E A O F PART O F A C I R C L E

12.1: Sector
A sector is a region bounded by two radii and an arc. A minor sector is one
whose area is less than a half of the area of the circle while a major sector is one
whose area is greater than a half of the area of the circle, as in figure 12.1.

Major sector

Minor sector

Fig. 12.1

The Area of a Sector

Suppose we want to find the area of the shaded region in figure 12.2.

Fig. 12.2

The area of the whole circle is TCr . The whole circle subtends 360° at
2

the centre. Therefore, 360° corresponds to 7Cr . 2

1
corresponds to x TCr 2
360
60
60° corresponds to x TCr 2
360
 168 SECONDARY MATHEMATICS

Iii general, the area of a sector subtending an angle 6 at the centre of

the circle is given by; A = X TCr

2

Example 1
Find the area of the sector of a circle of radius 3 cm i f the angle subtended
at the centre is 140°. (Take TC = ~ )

Solution
Area A of a sector is given by;

A= ^xTCr 2

.-. Area = 140 x f x 3 2

3oU '

= 11cm 2

Example 2
The area of a sector of a circle is 38.5 cm . Find the radius of the circle
2

if the angle subtended at the centre is 90°. (Take 7C = ^ )

Solution

From A = TCr , we get;

2

W) T X? x r 2 = 3 8 - 5

, 38.5 x 360 x 7
90x22

r = 49
2

Thus, r = 7 cm

Example 3
The area of a sector of a circle radius 63 cm is 4 158 cm . Calculate the 2

angle subtended at the centre of the circle. (Take TC = 22)

Solution

4 158 = x J l x 63 x 63
 A R E A O F PART O F A C I R C L E 169

4 158x360x7
22 x 63 x 63

= 120°

Exercise 12.1
1. A sector of a circle of radius r subtends an angle 0. Calculate the area of
the sector if:
(a) r = 1.4 cm, 0 = 30° (b) r = 2.1 cm, 9 = 45°
J& r = 8 cm, 9 = 33° (d) r = 8.4 cm, 9 = 60°
(e) r = 9.1 cm, 0 = 24° ffi r = 4 cm, 9 = 259°
(g) r = 10 cm, 9 = 301°
2. A floodlight can spread its illumination over an angle of 50° to a distance
of 49 cm. Calculate the area that is floodlit.
J5. The shaded region in figure 12.3 shows the area swept out on a flat
windscreen by a wiper. Calculate the area of this region.

wiper

Fig. 12.3

ft. The two arms of a pair of dividers are spread so that the angle between
them is 45°. Find the area of the sector formed if the length of an arm is

8.4 cm. (Take TC = 2Z)

4. A goat is tethered at the corner of a fenced rectangular grazing field. If the
length of the rope is 21 m, what is the grazing area?

12.2: Area of a Segment of a Circle

A segment is a region of a circle bounded by a chord and an arc. In figure 12.4,
 170 SECONDARY MATHEMATICS

the shaded region is a segment of the circle with centre O and radius r. AB = b cm,
OM = h cm and Z A O B = 9°.

Fig. 12.4

The area of the segment area of minor sector OAB - area of triangle OAB
= _ 6 _ x TCr -2 bh
360
Example 4
Figure 12.5 is a circle with centre O and radius 5 cm. If ON = 3 cm, AB = 8 cm
and Z A O B = 106.3°, find the area of the shaded region:

Fig. 12.5

Solution
Area of segment = area of sector OAPB - area of triangle OAB

= p g ^ x 3.142 x 5 2 ] - 1x8x3

= ^ § ^ r x 2 5 x 3 . 1 4 2 - 12
= 23.19-12
= 11.19 cm 2
 A R E A O F PART O F A C I R C L E 171

Exercise 12.2
1. A chord X Y of length 12 cm is drawn in a circle with centre O and radius
10 cm, as in figure 12.6.

Fig. 12.6

Calculate:
(a) the distance ON.
(b) the area of the sector OXPY.
(c) the area of triangle OXY.
(d) the area of the minor segment.
(e) the area of the major segment.
2. A chord X Y subtends an angle of 120° at the centre of a circle of radius
13 cm. Calculate the area of the minor segment.
3. Figure 12.7 shows a circle with centre O and radius 4V 2 cm. If the length of the
chord AB is 8 cm, show that the shaded area is (8TC -16) cm .2

Fig. 12.7
172 SECONDARY MATHEMATICS

4. In figure 12.8. ADC is a chord of a circle with centre O passing through A, B

and C. BD is a perpendicular bisector of AC . A D = 3 cm and BD = 1 cm.

B
Fig. 12.8

Calculate:
(a) the radius OA of the circle.
(b) the area of the sector OABC. *
(c) the area of the segment ABCD.
5. Figure 12.9 shows an arc ACE of a circle with centre O and radius 6 cm.
I f BC = CD = 4 cm, calculate the area of the shaded region.

A E

Fig. 12.9

6. In figure 12.10, ABC is an arc of a circle with centre O and radius 7 cm. The
arc subtends an angle of 60° at the centre and AE = DC = AC = ED = 7 cm.
Calculate the area of the figure ABCDE.
B

Fig. 12.10
2
A R E A O F PART O F A C I R C L E 173

12.3: Area of Common Region between Two Intersecting Circles

Example 5
Figure 12.11 shows two circles of radii 8 cm and 6 cm with centres O and O
respectively. The circles intersect at points A and B. The lines 0 0 and AB are
[ 2

perpendicular to each other. If the common chord AB is 9 cm, calculate the area
of the shaded region.

Fig. 12.11

Solution

From AA O M ;
i

OM = V7~T?
= A/43.75
= 6.614 cm
From A A O M

X
O M 4t
/6 Z - 4.5'

= V~15.75 •
= 3.969 cm
The area between the intersecting circles is the sum of the areas of segments
APjB and AP B. Area of segment AP B = area of sector C A P , B - area of A 0 AB
2 2

Using trigonometry, sin Z A 0 M 2 =

=M
6
= 0.75
 174 SECONDARY M A T H E M A T I C S

ZAO M = 48.59°
ZAO B = 2 Z AO M
= 2 x 48.59
= 97.1S '
,;

Area of segment AP B = x 3.142 x 6 - ± x 9 x 3.969

2

360 l

= 30.53- 17.86
= 12.67 cm 2

.Area of segment AP B = area of sector 0 A P B - area of AO,AB

2 ( 2

Usir.g tngonometry, sin Z A O . M =

- ±1
8
= 0.5625
Z A O , M = 34.23°
ZAO,B = 2 Z A O j M
= 2 x 34.23°
= 68.46°
Area of segment AP B = 68.46 3.142 x 8 - 1 x 9 x 6.614
7 x 2

2 360 2

= 38.24-29.76
= 8.48 cm 2

Therefore, the area of the region between the intersecting circles is given by;
area of segment AP B + area of segment AP B = 12.67 + 8.482

= 21.15 cm 2

Exercise 12.3
1. Figure 12.12 shows two intersecting circles of radius 9 cm each, with
centres O and O .
 AREA OF PART OF A CIRCLE 175

Find:
(a) the length of the common chord AB.
(b) the area common to the two circles.
2. Figure 12.13 shows two intersecting circles with centres 0 and 0 having
[ 2

radii 4 cm and 3 cm respectively. Z A O B = 57.64° and Z A O B = 80°.

O 0 is a perpendicular bisector of AB.
j 2

Calculate:
(a) the length of AB.
(b) the area of the shaded region.
3. Find the area of the shaded region in figure 12.14, given that the two
circles with centres O and 0 have radii 10 cm and 8 cm respectively,
7

Z A O B = 90° and Z A O B = \24.2 .

0

1 2

Fig. 12.14
176 •> > SECONDARY MATHEMATICS

4. Find the common area between the two intersecting circles in figure 12.15.
The circles with centres O, and 0 have radii 18 cm and 12 cm respectively
2

and the chord AB is 18 cm long.