1. In any process application feedback control requires?

a remote loop
an open loop,
a closed loop
an internal loop
2. An ON-OFF control system can not solve critical process control problems because it
has:
only two possible outcomes
to large an output range
too small an output range
too slow an output
3. In on-off control, the value of the controller output depends only upon:
the amount of offset in the system
the sign of the error
the rate at which the error has occurred
how long the error has existed
4. A process load change will cause a pure proportional control system to have:
offset
dead zone
no noticable effect
continuous cyclic action
5. A high controller gain setting is the same as:
A minimum offset
high reset
low sensitivity
narrow proportional band
6. Automatic process control is, generally speaking:
a collection of gadgetry which the Instrument department takes care of
a "black box" on the instrument panel,
a system of components consisting only of instruments
a system of control that does not need constant human intervention
7. The main purpose for reset action in a control loop is to:
increase controller gain
eliminate offset
decrease controller gain
speed up response
8. Automatic controllers operate on the difference between set point and measurement,
which is called:
feedback
bais
error
offset
9. All control systems that fit into the usual pattern are:
non self-regulating
closed loop
on / off
open-loop
10. Gain and proportional band are:
controller functions calibrated in time units
two different control modes
 reciprocally related
adjusted independently of one another
11. A proportional controller will have an offset difference between set point and control
point:
that depends on process load
at all times
that will eventually vanish
equal to the proportional band setting
12. If it were possible for a proportional controller to have true 0 % proportional band,
the controller gain would have to be:
0
unity
100
infinite
13. If the proportional band of the controller is adjusted to minimum possible value, the
control action is likely to be:
on/off
with maximum off/set
excellent
inoperative
14. All process control systems may be assumed to be:
linear
nonlinear
linear for the purpose of initial consideration but with the full knowledge that
this may not be the case.
nonlinear for the purpose of analysis with the exception that the system may prove to
be linear
15. A proportional controller is employed to control a process that is subject to a load
change. Narrowing the proportional band will:
never causes cycling
always cause cycling
not change the offset
decrease the offset
16. The most common combination of control modes found in the typical process plant
is:
proportional plus integral
on / off
proportional only
proportional, plus integral and derivative
17. If the closed loop control system has too much gain it will cycle. The only loop
component that has a conveniently adjustable gain is the:
valve operator
measuring transmitter
process
controller
18. A P & I controller with an error of 9%, a gain of 2.3 and a reset of 0.94 min/repeat in
open loop would produce an output signal that would ramp at the rate of :
42.7%/min
19.5%/min
20.7%/min
 22.0%/min
19. The response of derivative action to a step input is:
a step
a sinewave
a ramp
a spike
20. When the damping coeffcient (zeta ) is unity, the system is
overdamped
critically damped
underdamped
highly fluctuating
21. A stable system is
for which the output response is bounded for all bounded input
which exhibits an unbounded reponse to a bounded input
which satisfies the conditions of a dynamic system
which can be easily controlled
22. The number of poles in a system with transfer function [1/ ( s2 + 2s + 1) ] is
2
3
0
infinte
23. The reaction rate of a process is determined by :
the slops of its reaction curve
the period of oscillation
the time of the dead time (or time lag)
the maximum point of its reaction curve
24. The lapse time between the moment of the step change is made and the moment the
recorder first begins to reflect that change is called :
process rate
integral time
dead time
error
25. Time constant is :
Time taken by the response (measured variable) to attain 63.2 percent of its ultimate
value (total charge)
Time taken by the response (controlled variable) to attain 63.2 percent of its
ultimate value (total charge)
Synonymous with transfer lag
Same as time delay
26. Transfer function is defined as :
ratio of Laplace transforms of output deviation variable to input deviation
variable
ratio of Laplace transform of controlled variable deviation to forcing function
deviation
ratio of Laplace transform of controller output deviation to disturbance deviation.
27. Response due to a sinusoidal input is :
exponentially increasing,
exponentially decreasing,
sinusoidal,
none of these
28. Amplitude ratio for a 1st or 2nd order system is
1
> 1,
<1
none of these
29. For two non –interacting first order systems connected in series, the overall transfer
function is
the product of individual transfer functions
the sum of individual transfer functions
the ratio of individual transfer functions
none of these
30. When the damping coefficient is less than unity, the system is
Under damped
Over damped
Critically damped
none of these
31. e –τds is the transfer function due to
Process lag
transfer lag
transportation lag
exponential lag
32. For the under damped second order system
(decay ratio)2 = overshoot
decay ratio = (overshoot)2
overshoot increases with increasing value of damping coefficient
larger damping coefficient means smaller damping
33. Response of a linear control system for a change in load is called
transient response
sinusoidal response
servo problem
regulator problem
34. A stable system is one
whose response is time invariant
for which the output is bounded for all bounded inputs
for which the roots of the characteristic equation lies on the left hand half of the
complex plane
all of (a), (b) & (c)
35. If the response of a control system is to free of offset and oscillation, most useful
controller would be
Proportional
Proportional – derivative
Proportional – integral
Proportional – integral – derivative
36. When the gain of a proportional controller is increased, it
minimises offset
eliminates offset
reduces offset but increases tendency towards instability
reduces offset to zero but increases oscillations
37. When an integral mode is added to a proportional controller
it eliminates offset but increases oscillations
 it reduces offset but increases oscillations
it reduces offset and oscillations
it eliminates offset and oscillations
38. When a derivative mode is added to a proportional controller it
eliminates offset and oscillations both
reduces offset but eliminates oscillation
eliminates offset only
eliminates oscillations only
39. Which of the following controllers has maximum offset ?
P – controller
P-D controller
P-I controller
PID controller
40. Which of the controllers has the least possible deviation?
P – controller
P-D controller
P-I controller
PID controller
41. Final control element is a
Valve
Switch
Signal
none of these
42. Pneumatic control valves are generally designed for pressure upto
150 psi
1500 psi
2500 psi
5000 psi
43. Electronic controller output varies from
4 mA – 20 mA
0 – 30 mA
upto 50 mA
none of these
44. P-I controller as compared to P-controller has
higher maximum deviation
longer response time
longer period of oscillation and no offset,
all ‘a’ , ‘b’, ‘c’
45. Time required for the output of a first order system to change from a given value to
63.2% of its final value when a step change of input is made, is called
time constant
settling time
rise time
derivative time
46. The speed of response of two non-interacting first order systems in series when
compared with the same two systems arranged in interacting fashion is
faster,
slower,
same
can not be determined
47. Stability of a control system containing a transportation lag can be best analysed by
Routh test
Root locus method
Nyquist method
Bode diagram
48. Bode stability criterion is defined as
A control system is unstable if the open loop frequency response exhibits an AR
exceeding unity at the frequency for which the phase lag is 1800.
A control system is stable if the open loop frequency response exhibits an AR of less
than, equal to unity at the cross-over frequency.
The closed-loop feedback control system is stable if and only if the open loop
frequency response curve exhibits maximum value of amplitude ratio of unity at 1800
phase lag, otherwise unstable.
All of ‘a’, ‘b’ and ‘c’
49. Routh stability method uses
Open loop transfer functions
Closed loop transfer functions
Characteristic equations
Either of ‘a’ or ‘b’
Either of ‘b’ or ‘c’
𝑌 10
50. system has the transfer function 𝑋 = 𝑆2 +1.6 𝑆+4. A step change of 4 units magnitude is
introduced in this system. The percent overshoot is
(a) 20
(b) 30
(c) 25
(d) 35
51. State whether the following statements are True or False:
(i) On-off controller is a special case of proportional controller with large
bandwidth
(ii) Routh test cannot be used for determining stability of a controller system
with dead me
(iii) The output response of linear system to sinusoidal input is sinusoidal at all
time
(iv) Cascade control is used for processes involving one measured variable and
more than one manipulated variable
52. The transfer function of a reactor is given by K /( s +1). ……………… is the transfer
function of the system with two of these reactors if they are connected in Series.

53. A thermometer of time constant ten seconds, initially at 30°C, is suddenly immersed
into water at 100°C. How long it takes for the thermometer reading to reach 90°C?
………………

54. A certain thermocouple has a specific time constant of 2s. If the process temperature
changes abruptly from 600°C to 800°C, the temperature reading in an indicator
attached to the thermocouple after 6s will be approximately
(a) 8600C
 (b) 9000C
(c) 8900C
(d) 8950C

55. When a protective sheath, the response, covers a bare thermocouple because,
(a) Faster and Oscillatory
(b) Faster and non-oscillatory
(c) Slower and Oscillatory
(d) Slower and non-oscillatory

56. A closed loop feedback control system consists of a second order process GP(S) =
𝐾𝑃
and a proportional controller (GC(s) = KC). The roots of characteristics
(1 s +1)(2 s +1)
equation of the closed loop system are –2 and –1 in absence of controller and roots are
–1.5 ± 0.5i when KC = 4.the values of Kp, τ1 , τ2 are ………………, ………………
and ………………

57. The offset introduced by proportional controller with gain KC in response of first order
system can be reduced by
(a) reducing value of KC
(b) introducing integral control
(c) introducing derivative control
(d) none of the above

58. The root locus method, a pole of a transfer function G (s) is the value of a for which G
(s) approaches :
(a) -1
(b) 0
(c) 1
(d) µ

59. According to Bode stability criterion. A system is unstable if the open loop frequency
response exhibits an amplitude ratio exceeding unity at frequency for which phase lag
is (a) 0°
(b) 45°
(c) 90°
(d) 180°

60. The response of two tanks of same size and resistance in series is
(a) under damped
(b) critically damped
(c) over damped
(d) none of the abo

61. The transfer function of a pure dead time system with dead time τD is
 1
(a) 
D 𝑆 +1
(b)  D s +1
(c) e −  D s
(d) 1/ e −  D s

62. The time constant of a first order process with resistance R and capacitance C is
(a) R + C
(b) R – C
(c) R C
(d) 1/RC

63. Identify an unbounded input from four inputs whose functions are given below :
(a) 1
(b) 1/s
(c) 1/s2
(d) 1/(s2 + 1)

64. When a thermometer at 30° C is placed in water bath at 90° C, the initial rate of rise in
thermometer temperature is found to be 2°C/sec. The time constant of the
thermometer, assuming it is a first order device with unity steady state gain is
………………

65. In a feed-back control system G and H denote open loop and closed loop transfer
functions respectively. The output-input relationship is :
(a) G / (1 + H)
(b) H / (1 + G)
(c) G / H
(d) H / G

66. The open loop transfer function of a control system is KR / (1 + τs), This represents :
(a) a first order system
(b) dead time system
(c) a first order time lag
(d) a second order system

67. The Laplace transform of a staircase function s (b, t) formed by successive addition of
unit step functions at 0, b, 2b, 3b, etc. is :
(a) 1/s
(b) 1/bs
(c) s(1-e-bs)
(d) 1/ s(1-e-bs)

(𝑠+1)(𝑠+4)
68. The open-loop transfer function of a process is K the root locus diagram, the
(𝑠+2)(𝑠+3)
poles will be at
 (a) -1, -4,
(b) 1, 4
(c) -2, -3
(d) 2, 3

69. For an input forcing function, X(t) = 2t2 , the Laplace transform this function is
(a) 2 / s2 ,
(b) 4 / s2 ,
(c) 2 / s3 ,
(d) 4 / s3

70. A proportional controller with a gain of KC is used to control first-order process. The
offset will increase if
(a) KC is reduced
(b) KC is increased
(c) integral control action is introduced
(d) derivative control action is introduced

71. The Laplace transform of exp(at), where a > 0, is defined only for the Laplace
parameter, s > a, since
(a) the function is exponential
(b) the Laplace-transform integral of exp(at) has finite values only for s > a
(c) the Laplace-transform integral of exp(at) has initial values only for s > a
(d) The function exp(at) is piece-wise continuous only for s > a

72. A system with a double pole at the origin is unstable since the corresponding term in
the time domain.
(a) is a constant
(b) grows exponentially with me
(c) grows linearly with time
(d) decays linearly with time

73. A typical example of a physical system with under-damped characteristics is a

(a) U – tube manometer
(b) spring-loaded diaphragm valve
(c) CSTR with first-order reaction
(d) thermocouple kept immersed in a liquid-filed thermowell

(𝑠−1)(𝑠+1)
74. A control system has the following transfer function,𝐹(𝑆) = . The initial
𝑠(𝑠−2)(𝑠−4)
value of the corresponding time function is
(a) 1
(b) 1 / 8
(c) 7 / 8
(d) – 1
75. In a closed loop system, the process to be controlled is an integrating process with
transfer function 1 / 2s. The controller proposed to be used is an integral controller with
transfer function 1 / τ1s, when a step change in set point is applied to such a closed loop
system, the controlled variable will exhibit.
(a) overdamped response
(b) underdamped response
(c) undamped response
(d) unstable response

4
76. The second order system with the transfer function 𝑠2 −2𝑠+1 has a damping ratio of (a)
2.0
(b) 0.5
(c) 1.0
(d) 4.0

77. The characteristic equation of a closed loop control system is 0.25s 3 + 0.8s 2 + 5.6s +
1 + 0.35K = 0. At………………, the liming value of K = Kmax , above which the closed
loop system will be unstable.

78. A first order system with a time constant of 1 min is subjected to frequency response
analysis. At an input frequency of 1 radian/min, the phase shift is
(a) 45
(b) -90
(c) – 180
(d) – 45

79. The Root Locus plot of the rots of the characteristic equation of a closed loop system
𝐾
having the open loop transfer function will have a definite number Of loci
𝑠(𝑠+1)(3𝑠+1)
for variation of K from 0 to ∞. The number of loci (a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 2

1
80. The unit step response of the transfer function 𝑠2 +2𝑠+3
(a) has a non-zero slope at the origin
(b) has a damped oscillatory characteristic
(c) is overdamped
(d) is unstable

81. Select the correct statement from the following :

(a) The frequency response of a pure capacity process is unbounded
(b) The phase lag of a pure me delay system decrease with increasing frequency
(c) The amplitude ratio of a pure capacity process is inversely proportional to the
frequency
(d) The amplitude ratio of a pure me delay system increases with frequency
82. The response of a thermocouple can be modelled as a first order process to changes in
the temperature of the environment. If such a thermocouple at 25°C is immersed
suddenly in a fluid at 80°C and held there, it is found that the thermocouple reading (in
°C) reaches 63.2% of the final steady state value in 40 seconds. The time constant of
the thermocouple is ……………...

83. A process is initially at steady state with its output y = 1 for an input u = 1. The input
is suddenly changed to 2 at time t = 0. The output response is y(t) = 1 + 2t. The transfer
function of the process is

(a) 2/s
(b) 1+(2/s2)
(c) 1+(2/s)
(d) 1/s[1+(2/s)]

1
84. A second order system can be obtained by connecting two first order systems (τ1 𝑠+1)
1
and in series. The damping ratio of the resultant second order system for the
(τ2 𝑠+1)
case τ1/τ2 will be
(a) > 1
(b) = 1
(c) < 1
(d) = τ2 / τ1

85. The closed loop poles of a stable second order system could be
(a) both real and positive
(b) complex conjugate with positive real part
(c) both real and negative
(d) one real positive &the other real negative

86. Water is flowing through a series of four tanks and getting heated as shown in Figure.
It is desired to design a cascade control scheme for controlling the temperature of water
leaving the Tank 4 as there is a disturbance in the temperature of a second stream
entering the Tank 2. Select the best place to take the secondary measurement for the
secondary loop.

(a) Tank 1
 (b) Tank 2
(c) Tank 3
(d) Tank 4

87. Water is entering a storage tank at a temperature T0 and flow rate Q0 and leaving at a
flow rate Q and temperature T. There are negligible heat losses in the tank. L The area
of cross section of the tank is AC. The model that describes the dynamic variation of
water temperature in the tank with me is given as

88. In the case of a feed forward control scheme, which of the following is NOT true?
1. It is insensitive to modelling errors
2. Cannot cope with unmeasured disturbances
3. It waits until the effect of the disturbance has been felt by the system before
control action is taken
4. Requires good knowledge of the process model
5. Requires identification of all possible disturbances and their direct Measurement
(a) 1and 3 (b) 1 and 4 (c) 2 and 5 (d) 3 and 4

89. Temperature control of a exothermic chemical reaction taking place in a CSTR is done
with the help of cooling water flowing in a jacket around the reactor. The types of valve
and controller action to be recommended are
(a) air to open valve with the controller direct acting
(b) air to close valve with the controller indirect acting
(c) air to open valve with the controller indirect acting
(d) air to close valve with the controller direct acting

90. For the me domain function f(t)= t, the Laplace transform of is given by
(a) 1/(2s3 )
(b) 2/s 3
(c) 1/s3
(d) 2/s

91. An example of an open-loop second order under damped system is

 (a) liquid level in a tank
(b) U-tube manometer
(c) Thermocouple in a thermo-well
(d) Two non-interacting first order systems in series.

92. Cascade control comes under the control configuration, which uses
(a) one measurement and one manipulated variable
(b) more than one measurement and one manipulated variable
(c) one measurement and more than one manipulated variable
(d) more than one measurement and more than one manipulated variable

93. Given the characteristic equation below, select the number of roots which will be
located to the right of the imaginary axis s 4 + 5s3 – s 2 – 17s + 12 = 0
(a) One
(b) Two
(c) Three
(d) Zero

94. Given the process transfer function Gp = 4/(τs + 1)2 and the disturbance transfer
function Gd = 2/(τs + 1), select the correct transfer function for the Feed Forward
Controller for perfect disturbance rejection.
(a) – 2 (τs + 1)
(b) – 1
(c) – 0.5 (τs + 1)
(d) – (τs + 1)2

95. A unit step input is given to a process that is represented by the transfer (s+2)/(s+5).
The initial value (t = 0+ ) of the response of the process to the step input is
(a) 0
(b) 2/5
(c) 1
(d) ∞

96. A tank of volume 0.25 m3 and height 1 m has water flowing in at 0.05 m3 /min. The
outlet flowrate is governed by the relation Fout = 0.1 h , where h is the height of the
water in the tank in m and Fout is the outlet flow rate in m3 /min. The inlet flow rate
changes suddenly from its nominal value of 0.05 m3 /min to 0.15 m3 /min and remains
there. The time (in minutes) at which the tank will begin to overflow is given by
(a) 0.28
(b) 1.0
(b) 1.73
(d) ∞

97. The roots of the characteristic equation of an under damped second order system are
(a) Real, negative and equal,
 (b) Real, negative and unequal,
(c) Real, positive and unequal,
(d) Complex conjugates.

98. The block diagram for a control system is shown below :

For a unit step change in the set point, R(s), the steady state offset in the output Y(s)
is (a) 0.2
(b) 0.3
(b) 0.4
(d) 0.5
99. A first order process having a transfer function, Gp= 2/7s+1 is controlled by a proportional
controller with gain of 3.2. The process time constant is in minutes. Addition of the integral
control action with an integral time constant of 5 min leads to increase in-
a) offset b) speed of response
c) order of the closed loop system d) proportional band
100. The decay ratio for a system having complex conjugate poles as
( -1/10+j2/15) and (-1/10 –j2/15)
a) 7*10-1 c) 8*10-2
b) 9*10-3 d) 10*10-4

101. The control valve characteristic for three types of control valves ( P, Q and R ) are given
in the figure below. Match the control valve with its characteristics.

a) P- quick opening Q- linear R- equal percentage

b) P- linear Q- square root R- equal percentage
c) P- equal percentage Q- linear R- quick opening
d) P- square root Q- quick opening R- linear
102. A liquid flows through an “ equal percentage” valve at a rate of 2 m3/h when the valve
is 10% open. When the valve opens to 20% the flowrate increases to 3 m3/h. assume that
the pressure drop across the valve the density of the liquid remain constant. When the valve
opens to 50% the flowrate (in m3/h) is-
a) 10.12 m3/h b) 8.35 m3/h
c) 11.44 m3/h d) 9.01 m3/h
103. Given transfer function Gp=4/(ꞇs+1) and the disturbance transfer fuction Gd=2/( ꞇs+1)
, select the correct transfer fuction for the feed forward controller for perfect disturbance
rejection-
a) -2 ( ꞇs+1) b) -1
c) 0.5( ꞇs+1) d) - ( ꞇs+1)