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Combustion Air Consumption and Volumetric Efficiency: 1.1 Objective

The document discusses combustion air consumption and volumetric efficiency in internal combustion engines. It defines volumetric efficiency as the ratio of the actual volume of air-fuel mixture drawn into the engine compared to the theoretical volume that could fit. Achieving high volumetric efficiency is important for engine performance. Methods to improve it include using larger intake valves, multiple valves per cylinder, and forced induction like turbocharging which can exceed 100% efficiency. The document provides equations to calculate actual air flow rate and volumetric efficiency based on engine specifications.

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Hammam Abu Shosheh
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86 views3 pages

Combustion Air Consumption and Volumetric Efficiency: 1.1 Objective

The document discusses combustion air consumption and volumetric efficiency in internal combustion engines. It defines volumetric efficiency as the ratio of the actual volume of air-fuel mixture drawn into the engine compared to the theoretical volume that could fit. Achieving high volumetric efficiency is important for engine performance. Methods to improve it include using larger intake valves, multiple valves per cylinder, and forced induction like turbocharging which can exceed 100% efficiency. The document provides equations to calculate actual air flow rate and volumetric efficiency based on engine specifications.

Uploaded by

Hammam Abu Shosheh
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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4.

COMBUSTION AIR CONSUMPTION AND


VOLUMETRIC EFFICIENCY

1.1 Objective

 To determine combustion air consumption


 To determine the volumetric efficiency

1.2 introduction

The Internal combustion engine is essentially an "air


engine", and that air is the working fluid; the function of
the fuel is merely to supply heat. There is never any
technical difficulty in the introduction of sufficient fuel into
the working cylinder but the attainable power output is
strictly limited by the charge of air that can be aspirated.

Volumetric efficiency it is the ratio between the


volume of fuel-air mixture that could be spaced in the 80% volumetric efficiency compared
with 100% (actual volume(
engine and the actual volume of mixture drawn in

It follows that the achievement of the highest


possible volumetric efficiency is an important goal in the development of high-performance
engines, and design of inlet and exhaust systems, valves and cylinder passages represent a
major part of the development program for engine of this kind.

There are several standard ways to improve volumetric efficiency. A common


approach for manufacturers is to use larger valves or multiple valves. Larger valves increase
flow but weigh more. Multi-valve engines combine two or more smaller valves with areas
greater than a single, large valve while having less weight.

Volumetric efficiencies above 100% can be reached by using forced induction such as
supercharging or turbocharging. With proper tuning, volumetric efficiencies above 100%
can also be reached by naturally-aspirated engines. The limit for naturally-aspirated engines
is about 137%; these engines are typically of a DOHC layout with four valves per cylinder.
1.3 Theory
combustion air consumption

The actual Volumetric rate of air for a naturally aspirated engine may be calculated from:

ΔhT a

Where
Qact =0 . 003536 D2
√ Pa
. .. . .. .. . .. .. L /sec

 Va = Volumetric rate of flow, liter/sec.


 D = Orifice diameter, D = 16.34 mm.
 Pa = Barometric pressure, kN/m'
 Ta = Air temperature, K.
 h= Head across orifice, cm H20

The mass rate of flow air may be calculated from:

Pa ΔhT a
ma =ρa Q act =
T a Ra
* 0 . 003536 D 2

Δhp a
√ Pa

ma =0 . 00001232 D2
√ Ta
. .. .. . .. .. . Kg /sec

Volumetric Efficiency

volumetric efficiency: it is the ratio between the volume of fuel-air mixture that could
be spaced in the engine so

Qact Q 83 . 74 Qact
ηvol = = act =
Q thio VsN N
( )
60 K

Where

 K2 : constant =1 for 2-stroke engine , and 2 for 4-stroke engine


 Vs : swept volume, letter. Vs=3.14/4*D2*S =1.4332L
 N : engine speed rpm

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