Industrial Plant For Distillation of Sulphate Turpentine

Industrial plant for Distillation of Sulphate Turpentine
Batch control is an important concept in this area. It describes the continuous production
of finite quantities of materials (batches) in chemical processes. The increasing demands on
flexibility and customer-driven production lead to an augmented interest in batch processes,
which are more economical for small-scale production. Batch Processes systems can achieve
optimal performance only using industrial automation systems, which are well designed,
installed and commissioned. From the other site the technical requirements are changing rapidly
in today's industrial environments and this increases the need for managing and maintaining the
hardware and software used.
Crude sulphate turpentine is a complex mixture of C10 monoterpene hydrocarbons
composed mostly of alpha pinene (60-65%), beta pinene (25-35%) and 3-carene, which are the
derivate products and the starting materials for the synthesis of a wide range of fragrances,
flavours, vitamins and polyterpene products.
Particle size control of detergents in mixed flow
Particle size is a key quality parameter of a powder detergent as it determines its
performance, the bulk density and the look and feel of the product. Consequently, it is essential
that particle size is controlled to ensure the consistency of performance when comparing new
formulations. The majority of study reported in the literature relating to particle size control,
focuses on the spray produced by the atomisation technique. One approach advocated to achieve
particle size control is the manipulation of the ratio of the mass slurry rate and mass flow rate of
gas used for atomisation. Within this study, ratio control was compared with an automatic
cascade loop approach using online measurements of the powder particle size on a small-scale
pilot plant. It was concluded that cascade control of the mean particle size, based on
manipulating the mass flow rate of gas, resulted in tighter, more responsive control. The effect of
a ratio change varied with different formulations and different slurry rates. Furthermore, changes
in slurry rate caused complications, as the impact on particle size growth in the dryer is non-
linear and difficult to predict. The cascade loop enables further study into the effect of particle
size on detergent performance.
Pig Receiver
Pig launchers and receivers are commonly used in upstream oil and gas industry for
periodic cleaning of pipelines carrying crude oil, natural gas and water from oil wells. A pig is a
bullet shaped object which fits the pipeline from inside. The pig launcher launches the pig into
pipeline and the upstream pressure pushes the pig to other end of the pipeline where it is received
by the pig launcher. Hence generally arrangement for pig launchers and receivers are essentially
the same, except for the difference between ‘Kicker line’ position for launchers and receivers.
Separator Vessels
The three phase separation vessel commonly contains four major sections as listed below:
a. The primary separation section used to separate the main portion of free liquid in the
inlet stream
b. The secondary or gravity section designed to utilize the force of gravity to enhance
separation of entrained droplets.
c. The coalescing section utilizes a coalescer or mist extractor. Our normal application is
using a knitted wire mesh pad on top of vessel.
d. The sump or liquid collection section acts as receiver for all liquid removed from gas
in the primary, secondary, and coalescing section.
A vane-inlet device might be used in this separator to gradually reduce the inlet
momentum and evenly distribute the gas phase across the vessel diameter. Such device can also
act as the first-stage gas-liquid separation. In the gas-liquid portion of the vessel, a wire-mesh
mist eliminator provides high separation efficiency. For the liquid-liquid separation in the bottom
of the drum, the first-stage is typically some type of enhanced-gravity separation media. If very
high separation is required, adding a second “polishing” stage provides the ability to remove the
last remnants of entrainment.
Centrifugal Compressor Systems
Centrifugal compressors, sometimes called radial compressors, are a sub-class of
dynamic axisymmetric work-absorbing turbomachinery.
They achieve a pressure rise by adding kinetic energy/velocity to a continuous flow of
fluid through the rotor or impeller. This kinetic energy is then converted to an increase in
potential energy/static pressure by slowing the flow through a diffuser. The pressure rise in the
impeller is in most cases almost equal to the rise in the diffuser.
Centrifugal compressors have become very popular because they offer more power per
unit weight and are essentially vibration free. This makes them particularly attractive for offshore
locations or where air transportation to remote locations is necessary. The performance of a
centrifugal compressor usually is measured and described in terms of head, volume flow,
efficiency and power.

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