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ENGR-1100 Introduction To Engineering Analysis

The document discusses analyzing frames through free body diagrams and equilibrium equations. It provides steps for drawing FBDs of frames and their members. Students learn to determine the forces at joints and supports by applying equations of equilibrium. Examples are worked through to find unknown pin reactions in frames supporting external loads. Concepts are reinforced through in-class activities like quizzes and group problem solving.

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153 views16 pages

ENGR-1100 Introduction To Engineering Analysis

The document discusses analyzing frames through free body diagrams and equilibrium equations. It provides steps for drawing FBDs of frames and their members. Students learn to determine the forces at joints and supports by applying equations of equilibrium. Examples are worked through to find unknown pin reactions in frames supporting external loads. Concepts are reinforced through in-class activities like quizzes and group problem solving.

Uploaded by

nagesh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ENGR-1100 Introduction to Engineering

Analysis

Lecture 23
FRAMES
Today’s Objectives:
Students will be able to:
a) Draw the free body diagram of a
frame and its members.
In-Class Activities:
b) Determine the forces acting at the • Reading Quiz
joints and supports of a frame.
• Applications
• Analysis of a Frame
• Concept Quiz
• Group Problem Solving
• Attention Quiz
APPLICATIONS

Frames are commonly used


to support various external
loads.

How is a frame different than a


truss?
To be able to design a frame,
you need to determine the
forces at the joints and
supports.
FRAMES AND MACHINES: DEFINITIONS

Frame

Machine

Frames and machines are two common types of structures that


have at least one multi-force member. (Recall that trusses have
nothing but two-force members).

Frames are generally stationary and support external loads.

Machines contain moving parts and are designed to alter the


effect of forces.
STEPS FOR ANALYZING A FRAME
1. Draw a FBD of the frame and its members,
as necessary.
Hints:
a) Identify any two-force members,

b) Note that forces on contacting surfaces


(usually between a pin and a member) are
equal and opposite, and,

c) For a joint with more than two


FAB members or an external force, it is
advisable to draw a FBD of the pin.
STEPS FOR ANALYZING A FRAME

2. Develop a strategy to apply the equations


of equilibrium to solve for the
unknowns. Look for ways to form
single equations and single unknowns.

Problems are going to be challenging since


there are usually several unknowns. A lot
of practice is needed to develop good
strategies and ease of solving these
FAB problems.
EXAMPLE
Given: The frame supports an
external load and moment as
shown.
Find: The horizontal and vertical
components of the pin
reactions at C and the magnitude of
reaction at B.
Plan:

a) Draw FBDs of the frame member BC. Why pick this


part of the frame?
b) Apply the equations of equilibrium and solve for the
unknowns at C and B.
EXAMPLE (continued)
800 N m 400 N
CX

1m CY
1m 2m
B
45° FBD of member BC
FAB (Note AB is a 2-force member!)

Please note that member AB is a two-force member.

Equations of Equilibrium: Start with  MC since it yields one unknown.

+  MC = FAB sin45° (1) – FAB cos45° (3) + 800 N m + 400 (2) = 0


FAB = 1131 N
EXAMPLE (continued)
800 N m 400 N
CX

1m CY
1m 2m
B
45° FBD of member BC
FAB
Now use the x and y-direction Equations of Equilibrium:
 +  FX = – CX + 1131 sin 45° = 0
CX = 800 N
 +  FY = – CY + 1131 cos 45° – 400 = 0
CY = 400 N
READING QUIZ
1. Frames and machines are different as compared to trusses since they
have ___________.
A) Only two-force members B) Only multiforce members
C) At least one multiforce member D) At least one two-force
member

2. Forces common to any two contacting members act with _______


on the other member.
A) Equal magnitudes but opposite sense
B) Equal magnitudes and the same sense
C) Different magnitudes and the opposite sense
D) Different magnitudes and the same sense
CONCEPT QUIZ

1. The figures show a frame and its FBDs. If an additional couple


moment is applied at C, how will you change the FBD of member
BC at B?
A) No change, still just one force (FAB) at B.
B) Will have two forces, BX and BY, at B.
C) Will have two forces and a moment at B.
D) Will add one moment at B.
CONCEPT QUIZ (continued)

D

2. The figures show a frame and its FBDs. If an additional force is


applied at D, then how will you change the FBD of member BC
at B?
A) No change, still just one force (FAB) at B.
B) Will have two forces, BX and BY, at B.
C) Will have two forces and a moment at B.
D) Will add one moment at B.
ATTENTION QUIZ

1. When determining the reactions


at joints A, B and C, what is the
total number of unknowns in
solving this problem?
A) 6 B) 5
C) 4 D) 3

2. For the above problem, imagine that you have drawn a FBD
of member BC. What will be the easiest way to write an
equation involving unknowns at B?
A)  MC = 0 B)  MB = 0
C)  MA = 0 D)  FY = 0
GROUP PROBLEM SOLVING

Given: A frame supports a


50 lb load as shown.
Find: The reactions exerted
by the pins on the frame
members at B and C.
Plan:

a) Draw a FBD of member BC and another one for AC.


b) Apply the equations of equilibrium to each FBD to solve for
the four unknowns. Think about a strategy to easily solve for
the unknowns.
GROUP PROBLEM SOLVING (continued)
FBDs of members BC and AC CY
CX
50 lb

3.5 ft
6 ft

AX 8 ft

AY
Applying E-of-E to member AC:

+  MA = – CY (8) + CX (6) + 50 (3.5) = 0 (1)

+  FX = CX – AX = 0
+  FY = 50 – AY – CY = 0
GROUP PROBLEM SOLVING (continued)
FBDs of members BC and AC CY
CX
50 lb

3.5 ft
6 ft

AX 8 ft

Applying E-of-E to member BC: AY

+  MB = – 50 (2) – 50 (3.5) + CY (8) = 0 ; CY = 34.38 = 34.4 lb


From Eq (1), CX can be determined; CX = 16.67 = 16.7 lb

+  FX = 16.67 + 50 – BX = 0 ; BX = 66.7 lb
+  FY = BY – 50 + 34.38 = 0 ; BY = 15.6 lb

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