Rheotirical Devices and Appeals

DIRECTIONS: Review the glossary of rhetorical devices listed below.
You will apply your

understanding of rhetorical devices to critically read and analyze the use of rhetorical devices in
ONE of the speeches during the "Show What You Know" portion of today's lesson.

6 Main Devices You Should Already Know
1. Repetition – Reusing a statement or saying it multiple times

 Effect on the Audience: Ingrains (reinforces/emphasizes) what you want in the audience’s
mind; makes the line memorable; The speaker’s words have rhythm and cadence.
 Anaphora: Repeating the beginning of a phrase
i. Class Example: “I have a dream that one day…I have a dream that one day…
brotherhood. I have a dream that one day …and justice. I have a dream that …will
one day...I have a dream today.” — Martin Luther King, Jr.
 Epistrophe: Repetition of a phrase at the end of the sentence

i. Class Example: “Government of the people, by the people, for the people…”
 Anadiplosis: Starting the 2nd sentence/clause with the last words of the 1st sentence/clause
i. Class Example: “Fear leads to anger; anger leads to hate; hate leads to suffering…”
YBS Yoda
 Antimetabole/Chiasmus: Repeating the same phrase in reverse order

i. Class Example: “One for all and all for one”
2. Asyndeton: Absence of a conjunction between parts of a sentence

 Effect on the Audience: Adds speed and rhythm
i. Class Example – “Government of the people, by the people, [and] for the people, lol.”
3. Metaphor/Simile – Directly comparing 2 dissimilar things

 Effect on the Audience: Captures attention, inspires imagination
i. Class Example: “The eyes are the window to the soul”
4. Parallelism: Repeating the same grammatical structure

 Effect on the Audience: Parallel structure helps to organize ideas, making a text or speech
easier to understand.
i. Class Example: “Give a man a fish and you feed him for a day, teach a man to fish and
you feed him for a lifetime”
5. Hypophora/Hypothetical Question – Asking a question and answering it.

 Effect on the Audience: Sense of dialogue with the audience
i. Class Example: “What is our aim? I can answer in one word: victory”
6. Connotative Diction (Word Choice): Using a word for the idea or feeling that it invokes/suggests
 Effect on the Audience: positive or negative effect on tone
i. Class Example: “Clean this filthy room” vs. “Clean this messy room”
Glossary of Rhetoric & Other Rhetorical Devices (Alphabetical)
A reference to a person, event, or place in history, religious texts, or literature. For example: "The Garden of Eden" is
an allusion to the place in Genesis and often symbolizes perfection. It is used to connect ideas to literary or
historical ideas, often to emphasize the validity of the idea
ANECDOTE: A short personal story used to illustrate a point. Usually contains action & dialogue and is longer than an example.
Often used in expository essays to develop an idea. Used in persuasive essays as one method of developing
pathos. It can also be used as a "hook" to draw a reader into a story.
ETHOS An appeal to the speaker's credibility in order to persuade the audience (convince them of something). It is created
through things such as quotes from experts about the speaker, anecdotes, showing common ground with the
audience, and avoiding logical fallacies. A writer aims to make a reader trust them by creating ethos.
EXTENDED A metaphor that is described in detail and used throughout a piece of writing. The writer returns to the same metaphor
METAPHOR multiple times and uses it to develop their thesis. This can work like an analogy to teach, or it can create humor,
sarcasm, or tone.
FIGURATIVE When a writer goes beyond the literal, normal meaning of words to create a special effect on the reader. Metaphor,
LANGUAGE simile, personification, and imagery are some of the most common forms.
HOOK Something that catches the reader's attention. Examples: interesting anecdotes, powerful quotes, surprising facts, and
shocking statements. Used to draw a reader into your essay.
IMAGERY Language that appeals to the five senses. If you can smell it, touch it, taste it, see it, or hear it, it's an image. Imagery
connects a reader to an idea through their physical experiences and can create an emotional response.
LOGICAL Problems in logical argument. Include: "hasty generalizations," "false analogies," "either/or fallacy," "bandwagon
FALLACIES: appeals," etc. An author may use these to try to unfairly convince a reader of something.
LOGOS An appeal to the audience’s logic or reasoning in order to persuade them (convince them of something). This is created
through things such as facts, statistics, induction/deduction and quotes from experts,) This creates a logical
argument.
PATHOS An appeal to the audience’s emotion in order to persude them (convince them of something). It is created through
devices (such as anecdote, metaphor, and imagery). This is often the most powerful.
PERSONIFICATION The act of giving human qualities to inanimate (non-human) objects. For example: The wind screamed at us duringthe
storm. This is used to help a reader identify with an inanimate object.
POINT OF VIEW & In narratives, you choose 1st (I, we), 2nd (you) or 3rd (he, she, it, they) for your point of view. You also choose a
VIEWPOINT "viewpoint character." Who is telling this narrative? Point of View can be used to sympathize with one side, to
create distance, or to create closeness.
PRIMARY SOURCE In research this is taking information from someone directly involved. For example, interviewing someone at the scene
of an accident who saw it happen, or who was in the accident. This can be used to develop an idea or argument.
SYMBOL An image that represents a large or abstract (untouchable) idea. For example, the Bald Eagle symbolizes America's
pride. Symbol is used to develop and represent an idea using an image
TONE The writer's attitude toward the subject matter. For example, if I were arguing against oil drilling, my tone would reflect
my position on the matter. Tone is typically created through diction, but image or figurative language can create
tone too. Tone helps us understand the writer's stance on an issue.
VERBAL IRONY A statement which express the opposite meaning from what is literally stated. For example: ''This is a nice day!" spoken
during a storm. This is used to create sarcasm (negative) or humor.

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DIRECTIONS: Review the glossary of rhetorical devices listed below.

You will apply your

6 Main Devices You Should Already Know

1. Repetition – Reusing a statement or saying it multiple times

 Epistrophe: Repetition of a phrase at the end of the sentence

 Antimetabole/Chiasmus: Repeating the same phrase in reverse order

2. Asyndeton: Absence of a conjunction between parts of a sentence

3. Metaphor/Simile – Directly comparing 2 dissimilar things

4. Parallelism: Repeating the same grammatical structure

5. Hypophora/Hypothetical Question – Asking a question and answering it.

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