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Tutorial 2 Q1Q2Answer

The document discusses properties of systems defined by equations relating the input x(t) and output y(t). It analyzes whether each system is: 1) Memoryless or causal (depends only on present input) 2) Linear or non-linear 3) Time-invariant or time-variant 4) Stable or unstable (bounded input leads to bounded output) For each property, it provides examples of systems and mathematical analyses to determine which category each system falls into.

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Nur Amiera Syuhadha
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58 views

Tutorial 2 Q1Q2Answer

The document discusses properties of systems defined by equations relating the input x(t) and output y(t). It analyzes whether each system is: 1) Memoryless or causal (depends only on present input) 2) Linear or non-linear 3) Time-invariant or time-variant 4) Stable or unstable (bounded input leads to bounded output) For each property, it provides examples of systems and mathematical analyses to determine which category each system falls into.

Uploaded by

Nur Amiera Syuhadha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Q1 (a)

y(t) = sin(x(t))

y(t) is memoryless because the output of the system at any time t depends on the present input.

Q1 (b)
y(t) = sin(x(t))

For positive t, y(t) = sin(x(t)). At t > 0, y(t) depends on the input value of the present.
For negative t, y(-t) = sin(x(-t)) = -sin(x(t)). At t < 0, y(-t) depends on the input value of the present.
The system is causal.

Q1 (c)
y(t) = sin(x(t))

Define the input signal x1 (t) whose response y1 (t) is given by:
y1 (t) = sin(x1 (t))

Define another input signal x2 (t) whose response y2 (t) is given by:
y2 (t) = sin(x2 (t))

The two defined signals are related by:


x3 (t) = ax1 (t) + bx2 (t) where a and b are constant coefficient

Output y3 (t) is defined as:


y3 (t) = sin(x3 (t))
y3 (t) =sin[ax1 (t) + bx2 (t)]
y3 (t) ≠ ay1 (t) + by2 (t)
The system is non-linear.

Q1 (d)
y(t) = sin(x(t))

Assume the signal of the form:


y1 (t) = sin(x1 (t)) (1)

Introduce time delay t0 in the input of equation (1):


sin(x2 (t)) = sin(x1 (t - t0 ))

The delay in the input produces an output:


y2 (t) = sin(x2 (t)) = sin(x1 (t - t0 )) (2)

Introduce time delay t0 in the output of equation (1):


y1 (t - t0 ) = sin(x1 (t - t0 )) (3)

On comparing equations (2) and (3):

1
y2 (t) = y1 (t - t0 )

The system is time-invariant.

Q1 (e)
y(t) = sin(x(t))

|x(t)| ≤ B1  |y(t)| ≤ B2

where B1 and B2 are finite constants and y(t) is the output. If the input is bounded, then the output is
also bounded. The system is stable.

Q2 (a) y(t) = ea|t|


a > 0, y(t) goes to ∞ (divergence). The system is unstable.
a < 0, y(t) goes to 0 (convergence). The system is stable.

Q2 (b) y(t) = e-t u(t)

y(t) goes to 0 (convergence). The system is stable.

Q2 (c) y(t) = e2t u(t+4)

y(t) goes to ∞ (divergence). The system is unstable.

2
Q2 (d)
y(t) = x(4t)

|x(4t)| ≤ B1  |y(t)| ≤ B2

where B1 and B2 are finite constants and y(t) is the output. If the input is bounded, then the output is
also bounded. The system is stable.

y(t) = x(4t)

Assume the signal of the form:


y1 (t) = x1 (4t) (1)

Introduce time delay t0 in the input of equation (1):


x2 (4t) = x1 (4(t - t0 ))

The delay in the input produces an output:


y2 (t) = x2 (4t) = x1 (4t - 4t0 ) (2)

Introduce time delay t0 in the output of equation (1):


y1 (t - t0 ) = x1 (4t - t0 ) (3)

On comparing equations (2) and (3):


y2 (t) ≠ y1 (t - t0 )

The system is time-variant.

y(t) = x(4t)

Define the input signal x1 (t) whose response y1 (t) is given by:
y1 (t) = x1 (4t)

Define another input signal x2 (t) whose response y2 (t) is given by:
y2 (t) = x2 (4t)

The two defined signals are related by:


x3 (t) = ax1 (t) + bx2 (t) where a and b are constant coefficient

Output y3 (t) is defined as:


y3 (t) = x3 (4t)
y3 (t) = ax1 (4t) + bx2 (4t)
y3 (t) = ay1 (t) + by2 (t)

The system is linear.

3
Q2 (e)
y(t) = x(t)sin(t)

|x(t)| ≤ B1  |y(t)| ≤ B2

where B1 and B2 are finite constants and y(t) is the output. If the input is bounded, then the output is
also bounded. The system is stable.

y(t) = x(t)sin(t)

Assume the signal of the form:


y1 (t) = x1 (t)sin(t) (1)

Introduce time delay t0 in the input of equation (1):


sin(x2 (t)) = x1 (t - t0 )sin(t)

The delay in the input produces an output:


y2 (t) = sin(x2 (t)) = x1 (t - t0 )sin(t) (2)

Introduce time delay t0 in the output of equation (1):


y1 (t - t0 ) = x1 (t - t0 )sin((t - t0 )) (3)

On comparing equations (2) and (3):


y2 (t) ≠ y1 (t - t0 )

The system is time-variant.

y(t) = x(t)sin(t)

Define the input signal x1 (t) whose response y1 (t) is given by:
y1 (t) = x1 (t)sin(t)

Define another input signal x2 (t) whose response y2 (t) is given by:
y2 (t) = x2 (t)sin(t)

The two defined signals are related by:


x3 (t) = ax1 (t) + bx2 (t) where a and b are constant coefficient

Output y3 (t) is defined as:


y3 (t) = x3 (t)sin(t)
y3 (t) = (ax1 (t) + bx2 (t))sin(t)
y3 (t) = ax1 (t)sin(t) + bx2 (t)sin(t)
y3 (t) = ay1 (t) + by2 (t)

The system is linear.

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