Relations & Functions - Lesson 1

Relations & Functions- L1 :

Relation
Relations & Functions - Lesson 1
Relations & Functions - Lesson 1
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Relations & Functions - Lesson 1
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Relations & Functions - Lesson 1
Relations & Functions - Lesson 1
Relations & Functions - Lesson 1

Cartesian Product
Relation
No. of Relations
Domain
Range
Relations & Functions - Lesson 1

CARTESIAN PRODUCT
Relations & Functions - Lesson 1

Ordered Pair
If a is an arbitrary element from set A and
b is an arbitrary element from set B then,
the pair (a, b) is called an ordered pair

Note : (a, b ) ≠ (b, a) Unless a = b

Relations & Functions - Lesson 1

Cartesian product
The Cartesian product of two sets A, B is the set of all possible ordered
pairs (a, b) such that a ∈ A and b ∈ B

The Cartesian product for A and B is represented with “A × B”

A × B = { (a, b) : a ∈ A, b ∈
B}
Relations & Functions - Lesson 1

A = { 1, 2, 3} B = { l, m}
A×B=

1 l
2
m
3

Note : n(A × B) = n(A) × n(B) = n(B × A)

Relations & Functions - Lesson 1

Question
If A = {1, 2, 3}, find A × A
Relations & Functions - Lesson 1

Question
If A = {1, 2, 3}, find A × A

Solution A = {1, 2, 3}

A × A = (1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (3, 1), (3,2), (3, 3)
Relations & Functions - Lesson 1

Question
If A = {2, 5} B ={3, 4, 7} C = {3, 4, 8}
Prove (i) A × (B ∪ C) = (A × B) ∪ (A ×
C)
(ii) (A – B) × C = (A × C) – (B × C)
Relations & Functions - Lesson 1

Question
If A = {2, 5} B ={3, 4, 7} C = {3, 4, 8}
Prove (i) A × (B ∪ C) = (A × B) ∪ (A ×
C)
(ii) (A – B) × C = (A × C) – (B × C)
Solution
(B ∪ C) = {3, 4, 7,
8}
A × (B ∪ C) = {(2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 7), (2,
8), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 7) (5, 8)}
Relations & Functions - Lesson 1

Question
If A = {2, 5} B ={3, 4, 7} C = {3, 4, 8}
Prove (i) A × (B ∪ C) = (A × B) ∪ (A ×
C)
(ii) (A – B) × C = (A × C) – (B × C)
Solution
A × B = {(2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 7), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 7)}
A × (B ∪ C) = {(2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 7), (2,
A8),× C = {(2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 8), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 8)}
(5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 7) (5, 8)}
(A × B) ∪ (A × C) = {(2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 7), (2, 8),
(5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 7), (5, 8)}
Relations & Functions - Lesson 1

RELATION
Relations & Functions - Lesson 1

Pointing to a photograph of a boy Suresh said,

"He is the son of the only son of my mother."

How is Suresh related to that boy?

Relations & Functions - Lesson 1

Let’s understand this concept with an example

Real Life examples : (Teacher, Student), (Husband, Wife),

(Mother, Son), (Brother, Sister)

Math examples : (a ⊥ b), (9 > 2), (line p ll line q).

NOTE : Relation is always in pairs

Relations & Functions - Lesson 1

Relation
A, B are two sets, any Relation R from A to B is a subset of A × B.
If (x, y) ∈ R, we say that “x is R - related to y” and represent it
with “x R y”.
∴ R = {(x, y) : x ∈ A, y ∈ B, x R
y} example
For
if A = {1, 2, 3} and B = {1, 8 , 27}
A × B = {(1, 1), (1, 8), (1, 27), (2, 1), (2, 8),
(2, 27) (3, 1), (3, 8), (3, 27)}
Relationship is cube.

R=
Relations & Functions - Lesson 1

Venn representation of relation

A = {1, 2, 3}
R = {(1, 1), (2, 8) (3, 27)}
B = {1, 8, 27}
R : A → B (To be read as R : A mapping B)

A B ‘1 is mapped to 1’
‘8 is image of 2’
1 1 ‘3 is pre-image of 27’
2 8
3 27
Relations & Functions - Lesson 1

Question
A = { 2, 4, 6} B = {1, 5} A relation R : A → B is defined as
R = {(x, y) : x ∈ A, y ∈ B and x >
y}
Relations & Functions - Lesson 1

Question
A = { 2, 4, 6} B = {1, 5} A relation R : A → B is defined as
R = {(x, y) : x ∈ A, y ∈ B and x >
y}
Solution A = { 2, 4, 6} B = { 1, 5}
A × B = {(2, 1), (2, 5), (4, 1), (4, 5), (6, 1), (6, 5)}
R = {(2, 1), (4, 1), (6, 1), (6, 5)}
A B
2 1
4
5
6
Relations & Functions - Lesson 1

DOMAIN AND RANGE OF A RELATION

Relations & Functions - Lesson 1

Domain of a relation
If R is the relation from A to B i.e R ⊆ A × B, then the set of all first
elements in ordered pairs in R is called Domain of R

Domain of R = {x : (x, y) ∈
R}
Relations & Functions - Lesson 1

Range of a relation
If R is the relation from A to B i.e R ⊆ A × B,
then the set of all second elements in ordered
pairs in R is called Range of R
Range of R = {y : (x, y) ∈
R}
Relations & Functions - Lesson 1

Note
R:A→B A B
Domain ⊆ A
1 x Range ⊆
2 y B
3 z

Domain of R =
Range of R =
Relations & Functions - Lesson 1

Question
Find domain and range of relation
R = {(x, y) : x, y ∈ N, y = x2 + 3, 0 < x < 5}
Relations & Functions - Lesson 1

Question
Find domain and range of relation
R = {(x, y) : x, y ∈ N, y = x2 + 3, 0 < x < 5}
Solution
R = {(1, 12 + 3), (2, 22 + 3), (3, 32 + 3), (4, 42 + 3)}
R = {(1, 4), (2, 7), (3, 12), (4,19)}
Domain of R = {1, 2, 3, 4}
Range of R = {4, 7, 12, 19}
Relations & Functions - Lesson 1

Question
If a relation R is defined on set of Natural numbers,
R = {(x, y): x ∈ N, y ∈ N, 5x + y = 41}. Find range of R
Relations & Functions - Lesson 1

Question
If a relation R is defined on set of Natural numbers,
R = {(x, y): x ∈ N, y ∈ N, 5x + y = 41}. Find range of R

Solution
y = 41 – 5x If x = 7 ⇒ y = 6
If x = 1 ⇒ y = 36 If x = 8 ⇒ y = 1
If x = 2 ⇒ y = 31 If x = 9 ⇒ y ∉ N
If x = 3 ⇒ y = 26 ⇒ Range {1, 6, 11, 16, 21, 26, 31, 36}
If x = 4 ⇒ y = 21
If x = 5 ⇒ y = 16
If x = 6 ⇒ y = 11
Relations & Functions - Lesson 1

Number of Relations
Relations & Functions - Lesson 1

Number of Relations
If n (A) = p , n (B) = q , then number of relations from A to B = 2pq

Proof
Every relation R : A→B is subset of A × B
No. of relations possible = number of subsets of A × B
n (A × B) = n (A) × n (B)
= pq
Number of relations = 2pq
Relations & Functions - Lesson 1

INVERSE OF A RELATION
Relations & Functions - Lesson 1

Inverse of Relation
If a relation R is from set A to set B, then inverse of relation R is
R–1 = {(y, x) : ∀ (x, y)
∈R}

For example
If R = {(2,4),(3,9),(4,16)} then,
R–1 = {(4,2),(9,3),(16,4)}
Relations & Functions - Lesson 1

Question
A relation R : N → N is defined as R = {(x, y), x ∈ N, y ∈ N & y = 35 –
x3}. Find domain and range of R–1
Relations & Functions - Lesson 1

Question
A relation R : N → N is defined as R = {(x, y), x ∈ N, y ∈ N
&
y = 35 – x3}. Find domain and range of R–1
Solution
∴ R–1 = {(34,1)(27,2),(8,3)}
y = 35 – x3
Domain of R–1 = {34,27, 8}
x = 1 ⇒ y = 34
–1
x = 2 ⇒ y = 27 Range of R = {1,2, 3}
x=3⇒y=8
x=4⇒y∉N
∴ R = {(1,34)(2,27),(3,8)}
differential equations class 12 iit jee
Relations & Functions - Lesson 1
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Relations & Functions - Lesson 1

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Relations & Functions - Lesson 1
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Relations & Functions - Lesson 1

Q. Two sets A and B are as under :

A = {(a, b) ∊ R x R : |a - 5| < 1 and |b - 5| < 1};
B = {(a, b) ∊ R x R : 4(a - 6)2 + 9(b - 5)2 ≤ 36}. Then :
A neither A ⊂ B nor B ⊂ A JEE (Main) 2018

B B⊂A

C A⊂B

D A ⌒ B = 4ф (an empty set)

Relations & Functions - Lesson 1

Q. Two sets A and B are as under :

A = {(a, b) ∊ R x R : |a - 5| < 1 and |b - 5| < 1};
B = {(a, b) ∊ R x R : 4(a - 6)2 + 9(b - 5)2 ≤ 36}. Then :
A neither A ⊂ B nor B ⊂ A JEE (Main) 2018
B B⊂A
C A⊂B D A ⌒ B = 4ф (an empty set)

Solution:
Relations & Functions - Lesson 1

Q. Let A = {1,2,3,4,6} and R be the relation on A defined by {(a,b) : a,b 𝜖 A,b

is exact divisible by a }
1) Write R is roster form
2) Find the domain of R
3) Find the range of R
Relations & Functions - Lesson 1

Solution:
Relations & Functions - Lesson 1

Q. If a relation R is defined from a set A = {2,3,4,5} to a set B = {3,6,7,10} as

follows (x,y) 𝜖 R ⇔x divides y.Expression of R-1 is represented by

A {(6,2), (10,2), (3,3), (6,3)}

B {(6,2), (3,3),(10,5),(10,2)}

C {(6,2), (10,2), (3,3),(6,3),(10,5)}

D None of these
Relations & Functions - Lesson 1

Q. If a relation R is defined from a set A = {2,3,4,5} to a set B = {3,6,7,10} as

follows (x,y) 𝜖 R ⇔x divides y.Expression of R-1 is represented by

A {(6,2), (10,2), (3,3), (6,3)}

B {(6,2), (3,3),(10,5),(10,2)}

C {(6,2), (10,2), (3,3),(6,3),(10,5)}

D None of these
Relations & Functions - Lesson 1

Solution:
Relations & Functions - Lesson 1

Q. Let n(A) = 8 and n(B) = p.Then ,the total number of non-empty relations
that can be defined from A to B is

A 8p

B np - 1

C 8p - 1

D 28p - 1
Relations & Functions - Lesson 1

Q. Let n(A) = 8 and n(B) = p.Then ,the total number of non-empty relations
that can be defined from A to B is

A 8p

B np - 1

C 8p - 1

D 28p - 1
Relations & Functions - Lesson 1

Solution:
Relations & Functions - Lesson 1
Relations & Functions - Lesson 1
Relations & Functions - Lesson 1

Thank You
Relations & Functions - Lesson 1

Question
If A = {2, 5} B ={3, 4, 7} C = {3, 4, 8}
Prove (i) A × (B ∪ C) = (A × B) ∪ (A ×
C)
(ii) (A – B) × C = (A × C) – (B × C)
Solution (A – B) = {2, 5}
(A – B) × C = {2, 5} × {3, 4, 8}
(A – B) × C = (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 8), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 8)}
Relations & Functions - Lesson 1

Question
If A = {2, 5} B ={3, 4, 7} C = {3, 4, 8}
Prove (i) A × (B ∪ C) = (A × B) ∪ (A ×
C)
(ii) (A – B) × C = (A × C) – (B × C)
Solution (A – B) × C = {(2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 8), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 8)}
A × C = {(2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 8),
(5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 8)}
B × C = {(3, 3),(3, 4) (3, 8), (4, 3), (4, 4),
(4, 8), (7, 3), (7, 4), (7, 8)}
(A × C) – (B × C) = {(2, 3) (2, 4) (2, 8), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 8)}