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S P Venkatesan Beemkumar N
Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology Jain University
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J. Jayaprabakar P N Kadiresh
Sathyabama University B. S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Engineering & Technology (Deemed to b…
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DOI: 10.1080/01430750.2018.1531262
This paper presents the study on vibration characteristics of aircraft wing. A300 aircraft wing
with NACA 64215 airfoil is used for this investigation. A computer aided design (CAD) model
of wing is created by using CATIA V5 R20 and analyses are done by utilizing ANSYS
workbench 16.0. The analysis has been done on the wing by considering one end (root chord) of
wing is fixed while the other end (tip chord) is free. A numerical validation procedure is done by
workbench and finite element analysis software with the structural analysis and model analysis is
carried out to find the total deformation and frequency of wing without and with winglet with
different angles. Wing with 18o and 45o inclination of winglet have been taken for study. The
deformation and stress acting on the model of wing with and without winglet have been studied.
1. Introduction
A wing structure of an aircraft which is capable to fly with help of airfoil profile that generates
lift by the vehicle's forward air speed (Sumathy Muniamuthu et al 2017). Figure 1 shows the aero
foil diagram of an aircraft wing structure.
Fixed-wing aircraft follows the cantilever beam structure in which the one end is fixed to the
fuselage and another is set to be the free end. The model of wing is developed from the available
data and the values arrived from the geometry and trigonometric relations. (Hisayoshi Naka et al.
2014).
Rib is one of the elements in the wing structure, especially in conventional construction. Ribs are
made out of wood, metal, plastic, composites, foam (Mengchun Yu et al.2007). Ribs are
classified into three main parts. They are front-rib, middle rib and rear rib. The rib construction
of an aircraft wing is shown below Figure 2.
Spar is one of the prime structural members in the wing structure, constructed at span-wise at
perpendicular to the fuselage as shown in Figure 2. The spar carries the whole weight of the
wing. Rib is another main member in the wing structure which is attached to spar. Skin is as of
the minimum thickness from 0.015 to 0.025 inches for resisting the pressure applied on it while
flying on the sky. The skin has the moderate hardness and strength to resist the ground damages
such as stones, debris etc.
The objective of this work is to calculate the resonance of the machine component (aircraft wing)
to prevent the critical vibrations which causes deformation (Marcos Vanella et al 2009).
Resonance occurs when the vibrating system oscillate with greater amplitude at specific
preferential frequency. Natural frequency is the frequency at which a system tends to oscillate in
the absence of any driving or damping force (Krishnamurthy 2010).
2. Model Analysis
There are different modules in CATIA using which different tasks can be performed. The main
window and modules of CATIA shown in Figure 3 and Aero foil model under static condition is
shown in Figure 4
The main modules are: a). Part design, b). Assembly, c). Drafting, d). Wireframe and surface
design, e). Core and cavity design
The very basic concept of FEM is a system-a-body of a structure can be divided elements of
finite dimensions, called “finite elements”. The fundamental concept of the finite element
method is that any continuous quantity, such as temperature, pressure or displacements can be
approximated by a discrete model composed of set of piece wise continuous functions defined
over a finite number of sub domains. These series of functions are piece wise continuous and
should approach the exact solution as the number of sub domains approaches infinity. FEM is
more appealing to the engineer as it can be explained through the physical concept and also for
heat transfer and fluid mechanics. It is amenable for programming on a digital computer in a
systematic way. The scope of application is practically very much large covering wide range of
analysis problems.
The numerical analysis technique of finite element method is used to obtain approximate
solutions for wide variety of engineering problems. It is originated to study the stress of airframe
structures in the aerospace industry. Later it grew up and called as matrix analysis method which
is used in aircraft design. Once the method gained popularity and most of the underlying theory
and concepts were developed, various institutions and firms developed finite element analysis
codes which support a wide range of applications.
Aircraft wing of A300 with NACA 64215 aerofoil section is used for this investigation. Using
the modelling software of CATIA V5 R20, the computer aided design (CAD) model of aircraft
wing was developed. ANSYS workbench 16.0 is used for model analysis. This analysis was
done by considering on end of the wing (i.e root chord) is fixed and other end free (i.e tip chord)
(Senthilkumar et al. 2013, Nikhil et al 2015 and Ganesh et al.2017). From the analysis, the
vibration with frequency for different model of aircraft was found.. To validate the results of
different model of aircraft wing, a numerical model analysis of cantilever beam was performed
and its results were compared with results of aircraft wing. (NarendiranathBabu et al. 2017,
Robert et al. 1981and Shiva Prasad et al. 2017)
4. Conclusions
From the above results, it is conclude that on comparison of case1 (wing without
winglet), case 2 (wing with winglet of cant angle 18o) and case 3 (wing with winglet of cant
angle 45o), the winglet with cant angle 18o is more optimized and could be used to improve the
stability of wing.
The variation of deformation and the variation of normal and shear stresses as obtained
above, shows clearly that the winglet with 18o gives the optimized results ensuring a good
structural wing.
Therefore, the winglet with a cant angle of 18o is more reliable, efficient and safe to be
used to improve the stability of wing.
References
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Variation of stress
Figure 12. Total deformation with winglet of cant angle 18o (Static structural)
.
Figure 20. Total deformation with winglet of cant angle 45o. (Static structural)
Figure 21 Stress distribution with winglet of cant angle 45o.