375.

842
M5383c Méndez Salazar, Rudy
Challenge 7th. Un enfoque práctico / Rudy Méndez
Salazar. – 2 ed. – San José, C.R. : Inversiones Orozcan
de Orotina, 2017.
272 p. : il. ; 22 X 28 cm.

ISBN: 978-9930-9556-4-2

1. Inglés - Enseñanza. 2. Inglés- Libros de Texto.

I. Título.

Edición de: Didáctica Multimedia

PBX (506) 2257-8252 Fax: 2221-0713
Web: www.didacticamultimediacr.com
Email: [email protected]
San José, Costa Rica

Edición al cuidado de Lic. Sofía Rodríguez Alfaro.

Segunda Edición, 2017

Challenge 7h: Un Enfoque Práctico

Diagramación y Diseño de portada:

Patricia Rodríguez González
E-mail: [email protected]

para Didáctica Multimedia

Autor: Lic. Rudy Méndez Salazar.

Ilustraciones: Melany Ocampo Agüero

Fotografías: Internet

Impreso por: Litografía e Imprenta LIL, S.A

Derechos Reservados. Prohibida la reproducción total

o parcial para cualquier medio.
 D. How much do I know?
1. The more you know, the best you feel 8
Diagnostic Exam 11

I. Here I am
1. Hello, hi there, hey and bye 16
1.1 Titles 16
Practice 17
1.2. Introductions 18
1.3. Greetings and responses 19
1.4 Saying Goodbye! 20
Practice 21
1.5 Grammar: Subject Pronouns and the Verb To Be, Sentence Examples 23
Practice 24
2. Building Community 26
2.1 Vocabulary: The School 26
Practice 27
2.2 Classroom Language 29
Practice 30
2.3 Grammar: Demonstratives 31
Practice 32
3. Let´s get personal 33
3.1 Adjectives to describe emotions 33
Practice 34
3.2 Personal Information 36
Practice 36
3.3 The Alphabet 37
Practice 38
3.4 Dates 38
Practice 39
4. Meet my family 42
4.1 Family Members 42
Practice 44
4.2 Grammar: Possessive’s 44
Practice 45
4.3 Describing my family 47
4.4 Grammar: Describing Sentences 48
Practice 48
4.5 Phonology 49
Practice 49
Review 50
Homework Assignment 55

2. Enjoying Life
1. My daily routine 60
1.1 Daily Routines 60
Practice 61
1.2 Vocabulary: Frequency Adverbs 62
 Practice 63
1.3 Grammar: Simple Present Auxiliaries 65
Practice 67
2. Eating habits 70
2.1 Vocabulary: Fruits, Vegetables 70
Practice 72
Healthy Food, Unhealthy Food and Junk Food 74
Practice 76
3. Hanging out 78
3.1 Vocabulary: Places to Go 78
Practice 79
3.2 Grammar: Connectors 80
Practice 80
4. Things I like to do 83
4.1 Vocabulary: Free Time Activities 83
Practice 84
4.2 Cardinal Numbers 86
Practice 87
4.3 Phonology: Minimal Pairs 89
Practice 90
Review 91
Homework Assignment 95

3. Getting back to Nature

1. Natural wonders in my backyard 98
1.1 Vocabulary: The Nature 98
Practice 99
1.2 Vocabulary: Insects 101
Practice 102
1.3 Vocabulary: Animals 104
Practice 106
1.4 Grammar: There is, there are 108
Practice 109
2. Marvels of Costa Rica 112
2.1 Reading: Costa Rica’s Main Volcanoes 112
Practice 113
2.2 Grammar: Wh-questions 114
Practice 114
2.3 Costa Rica Main National Parks 115
Practice 115
2.4 Main Beaches of Costa Rica 118
Practice 119
2.5 Wild Refuges of Costa Rica 120
Practice 120
3. A world of wonders 122
3.1 Countries, Nationalities and Flags 122
Practice 124
3.2 The Seven Wonders of the New World 125
Practice 127
3.3 Other Wonders in the World 128
 Practice 129
4. Where can I go next? 130
4.1 Vocabulary: Traveling 130
Practice 131
4.2 Grammar: Future with Going to 132
Practice 133
Review 137
Homework Assignment 141

4. Checking things off a shopping list

1. My Family’s Grocery List 144
1.1 Vocabulary: Meat, poultry and seafood 144
Practice 146
1.2 Grammar: Count Nouns and Non-Count Nouns 148
Practice 149
2. Going Shopping 150
2.1 Vocabulary: Groceries 150
Practice 151
2.2 Vocabulary: The Supermarket 153
Practice 154
2.3 Grammar: Simple Past 155
Practice 158
3. Does this fit me? 162
3.1 Vocabulary: Man’s Clothing 162
3.2 Vocabulary: Woman’s Clothing 163
Practice 164
3.3 Vocabulary: Sizes, colors and materials 166
Practice 167
3.4 Conversation: At the Clothing Store 168
Practice 168
4. How much does it cost? 169
4.1 Vocabulary: Adjectives to Describe Clothes 169
Practice 170
4.2 Vocabulary: Buying Clothes 172
Practice 173
4.3 Phonology: Inflectional endings 175
Practice 176
Review 177
Homework Assignment 179

5. Let’s celebrate Costa Rica Culture

1. How my family and I celebrate tico culture 182
1.1 Vocabulary: Family Gatherings 182
Practice 183
1.2 Speaking 185
1.3 Grammar: Simple Past with Verb To be 186
 Practice 186
1.4 Prepositions of Time 191
Practice 191
2. Holidays 193
2.1 Costa Rican Holidays and Celebrations 193
Practice 194
2.2 Grammar: Wh Questions Applied to Celebrations 197
Practice 197
2.4 Vocabulary Related to Celebrations 198
Practice 199
3. How Other Communities Celebrate Tico Culture 202
3.1 Reading 202
Practice 203
4. How Costa Ricans celebrate Tico Culture 205
4.1 Vocabulary: Costa Rica National Symbols 205
Practice 206
4.2 Vocabulary: Costa Rica Typical Food 207
Practice 209
4.3 Phonology: Digraphs 210
Practice 210
4.4 Phonology: Grapheme 211
4.5 Phonology: R-Controlled Vowels 211
Practice 211
Review 212
Homework Assignment 215

6. Getting from here to there

1. Going Shopping 218
1.1 Vocabulary: Places in the City 218
Practice 220
1.2 Grammar: Future Tense 223
Practice 224
2. Knowing where it is 227
2.1 Vocabulary: Prepositions of Place 227
Practice 228
3. Knowing how to get there 234
3.1 Vocabulary: Giving Directions 234
Practice 235
3.2 Grammar: Imperatives 236
Practice 236
4. Knowing what I need and when 242
4.1 Vocabulary: Moving Around 242
Practice 243
4.2 Vocabulary Numbers 1000 – 5000 245
Practice 246
4.3 Vocabulary: Telling the Time 248
Practice 249
Review 252
Homework Assignment 255
Listenings 257
 Review
Diagnostic test
 The more you know, the best you feel!!
This is me!
• Complete the following chart with your personal information.

Full name:
Phot
o or
Age: ID Card number: draw
ing
Address:

High school name:

English teacher’s name:

• Answer the following questions with your personal information.

Answers
1. _________________________________
___________________________________.
1. What’s your mother’s name? 2. _________________________________
___________________________________.
2. What’s your father’s name?
3. _________________________________
3. Do you have brothers or sisters? ___________________________________.
How many? 4. _________________________________
___________________________________.
4. What’s your favorite subject?
5. _______________________________
8 5. Do you like English? _____________________________.
6. Do you like to study? 6. ____________________________
__________________________________.
7. Who is your best friend?
7. _________________________________
8. What are your hobbies? ___________________________________.
9. What’s your favorite movie? 8. _________________________________
___________________________________.
10. What’s your favorite sport?
9. _________________________________
___________________________________.
10. ________________________________
___________________________________.
 9
Good morning,
Good evening and Good night
• Read the dialogues and fill in the blanks using greetings or leave-takings.

_________________, Good Morning Karla.

Mrs. Smith. It´s a
pleasure to see you. I’m fine. Thank you! ________________?

________________?

________________

Ms. Thomas. I am

________________

Goog night, Mr. Rojas.

_____________________ _____________________.
tomorrow morning. Thank you for clarifying
my doubts!

It's Learning Time!!!

• Rearrange class commands according to each picture.

Open the Raise your

Write. window. hand.

Read your Put the garbage in

Do not yell! the garbage can.
book.
 Where are my classroom objects?
• Look at the pictures and complete the sentences with the correct preposition. Use:
between, in, in front of, next to, on and under.

1. The ruler is __________ the book. 4.The paper sheets are __________ the map.

2. The clips are __________ the eraser. 5. The pencil is __________ the pencil case.

3. The glue is __________ the pencils. 6. The notebook is __________ the backpack.

Who are they?

• Read the following text and fill in the blanks with the appropriate form of the verb to be.
Pay attention to the possessive adjectives and demonstrative pronouns.

Ben’s Family Vocabulary hint

Ben is a boy, he comes from Detroit. Ben __________ at school; Cool: nice,
Matt and Sam think: “He is so cool”. Jig: a dance
Ben’s family is not big. It’s just his mom, his dad, and Pete.
Ask
These __________ my parents, says Ben to his friends. y
Nice to meet you, says Mat. This __________ my brother Sam. mor our tea
pos e exa cher
Those __________ my pets, says Pete to Ben’s friends. se m fo
10 and ssive a ples of r
__________ that a pig? Asks Matt while Pete says yes with a jig. dem djec
pro onstra tives
nou t
ns. ive
How many .....?
• Look at the picture and complete the sentences with the correct number.

• There are _______________ red squares.

• There are _______________ green
rectangles.
• There are _______________ purple
triangles.
• There is _______________ orange circle.
• There are _______________ geometric
figures.
 Diagnostic Exam

Student: ____________________________________________________
Date: _______________________________________________________
Group: _________________ Obtained Points: _________________

General instructions: Write with black or blue pen. Do not use liquid paper. You have
80 minutes to solve this exam.

Part A: 37 points. 1 point per correct answer.

I. Multiple choice. 4 points, 1 point per correct answer. Read the text and choose the
logical preposition.

I Can’t Find my Puppy

Lily is my dog; she sleeps (1) _________ a pillow (2) _________ a box.
Lily likes to move, but she is afraid of storms; when it rains she hides
(3) _________ the stove. Last time it rained, Lily ran to the bed; but
when I called her name she was not there. She is probably waiting (4)
_________Ted. I miss my Lily; I feel really bad. I want to find her… Can
you help me with that?

1 . A) behind 2. A) in front of 3. A) across from 4. A) next to

B) above B) next to B) behind B) below
C) under C) over C) under C) under
D) on D) in D) away D) in

II. Complete. 4 points. 1 point per correct answer.

Complete the text with the correct form of the verb to be.

My friends

Hi! I __________ Mark. Paul and David __________ my best

friends. Paul and I are in the basketball and soccer team. David
__________ in any team. He doesn’t like sports. Mr. Villalobos
__________ our coach.

Challenge 7th 11
 III. Complete. 6 points, 1 point per correct answer.
Look at Ben’s family and friends in the picture and complete the sentences using the
appropriate demonstrative.

2. ________ are my parents.

1. ________ is my little sister. 3. ________ are my brothers.

5. ________ are my cousins.

4. ________ is my grandma. 6. ________ are my puppies.

IV. Identification. 23 points, 1 point per correct answer.

Look at the pictures and write the appropriate greeting or leave taking. Use the given
expressions. 5 points.

Use
A. Good evening

B. Good morning

C. Hello
12
D. See ya

E. Take care
 13
V. Identification. 18 points, 1 point per correct answer.

• Look at the picture and complete the chart. 12 points.

Furniture Part of the classroom School object

• Look at the pictures and write the corresponding command. 6 points.

Use
1._________________ 2._________________ 3._________________ Close the door.

Listen carefully.

Raise your hand.

Read.

Take out the book.

Write.
4._________________ 5._________________ 6._________________
 Part B: Production. 13 points, 1 point per correct answer.

• Describe the pictures below using two adjectives such as colors, materials, shapes. (8
points. 2 points per correct description).
Glasses

Hat

Box

Hose

• Answer the following questions with your personal information. (5 points)

1. What’s your name?

______________________________________________________________.

14 2. How old are you?

______________________________________________________________.

3. Do you have brothers or sisters? How many?

______________________________________________________________.

4. Where do you live?

______________________________________________________________.

5. What is your ID Card number?

______________________________________________________________.
1. Here I am

• Introductions
• Greetings and Saying Good-Bye
• Subject Pronouns and the Verb to Be
• The School and Classroom language
• Demonstratives
• Emotion Adjectives
• Personal Information
• The Alphabet
• Days, Months and Day Numbers
• Family Members and Possessive "s"
• Describing my family
• Phonemes
1 Hello, hi there, hey and bye

1.1 Titles
In English we use titles with proper names with people we do not know or to be
completely formal.

Mr. Thompson Ms. Right

(a married man) (single woman)

Mrs. Kaiser Mr. Rivers

(married woman) (single man)

Ms. Livingstone Miss Thompson

(married woman) (single woman)

Language Note
Titles are to be used with last names and full names
only.

16
Practice

1. Fill in the blanks with the proper titles. Leave it blank if the title must not be used.

A. Good morning _________ Thomas (1, A. Good evening _________ Salas (1,
married) single)

B. Good morning _________ Jones (2, B. Good evening _________ White (2,
single) married)

1 2 1 2

A. Good to see you _________ Taylor (1, A. Good bye _________ Masis (2, single)
married)
B. Good bye _________ Solis (1, married)
B. Likewise _________ Rise (2, married)

1 2 1 2

A. Hey _________ Rita (2, single) A. How do you do _________ Ruiz? (2,
single)
B. Hello _________ John (1, single)
B. I am fine _________ Green (1, married)

1 2 1 2

17
 1.2. Introductions

1. A: Nice to meet you! 2. A: Hey Mike. This is Andy.

B: Nice to meet you too! B: It's a pleasure meeting you.

3 . A: I am glad to meet you. 4. A: Hi, my name is Monica.

B: Likewise. B: Hello Monica. I am James.

5. A: Let me introduce you to Mary. 6 . A: Good morning Miss Sawyers.

This is John Adams.
B: Hey Mary, it's my pleasure.
B: Good morning Mr. Harris. It's my
pleasure.

18
1.3. Greetings and responses

1. A: How are you John? 2. A: Good morning Sofia!

B: I am fine Mary. B: Good morning Mike. It's great to

see you.

3. A: How do you do Mr. Myers? 4. A: How is it going?

B: I am very well. Thank you. B: It is going very well.

5. A: Good evening Mr. Thomas! 6. A: How are you doing Tim?

B: Good evening Miss Taylor! B: I can't complain! How about you?

19
 1.4 Saying Goodbye!

1. A: See you tomorrow. 2. A: Good night Jessica!

B: Bye, take care. B: Sleep tight!

3. A: I have to go Mary. 4. A: See you next week!

B: So long. B: All right. Bye!

5. A: Good-bye Jennifer! 6. A: I need to go.

B: See you soon Mark! B: See you around.

20
Practice

1. Fill in the chart by using expressions from the previous vocabulary.

Formal Informal

2. Complete each conversation by using a suitable expression.

1. A: Hello Maria. 5: A: See you tomorrow Jenny.

B: _______________________, Matt. B: _______________________.

2. A: How are you Jeff? 6: A: What’s your name?

B: I’m ______________________ John. B: _______________________ Eric.

3. A: Good morning class. 7. A: How do you do Chris?

B: _______________________ teacher. B: _______________________ Liz.

4. A: Good night my son. 8. A: Good evening Helen.

B: _______________________ mother. B: _______________________ Jay.

21
 3. Match the greeting on the left column with its corresponding response on the right column.

1. How are you? ( ) I am very well, thank you.

2. Good night ( ) It's going great
3. Good morning ( ) It's my pleasure
4. Hi! ( ) Sure. Take care
5. I have to go ( ) It's been a while, huh?
6. Good evening ( ) Hello there
7. Nice to meet you ( ) Good to see you too
8. Pleased to meet you ( ) Good morning
9. How do you do? ( ) All cool bro
10. See you next week ( ) Alright. See you later
11. I am leaving ( ) I am fine, how about you?
12. What's up? ( ) Likewise
13. Good to see you ( ) Good evening and welcome
14. Nice to see you again ( ) See you soon
15. How is it going? ( ) Bye, see you tomorrow

4. Speaking

Get together in groups of three. You will write a short conversation using: greetings,
introductions and good-bye expressions. Then, role-play the conversation to the class.

22
5. Listening

Listen to the following conversations. Then, complete it with the expression(s) you hear. You
can listen to the conversations twice.

1. A: ____________________________ 2. A: Good morning Mr. Smith.

B: Hi, Matthew. It's nice to B: ____________________________

meet you.
____________________________
A: It's nice to meet you too.
A: I am just fine. Thank you.

3. A: It's getting late Mary. I have to go. 4. A: ____________________________?

B: ____________________________ B: Hey Jim! I am doing great. It's good

to see you. How are you?
A: Thank you for the evening.
Good night. A: ____________________________.
I am glad to see you, too.

1.5 Grammar

Subject Pronouns and the Verb To Be

Pronoun Verb to Be Affirmative Verb to Be Negative

I am / 'm am not / 'm not

He is / 's is not / isn't

She is / 's is not / isn't
It is / 's is not / isn't

We are / 're are not / aren't

You are / 're are not / aren't
They are/ 're are not / aren't

23
 Sentence Examples

Affirmative Sentences Negative Sentences Questions

Subject + verb to be + Subject + verb to be (neg) + To be + subject +

complement complement complement?

1. Are you a student?

Yes, I am
1. I am a student. 1. I am not a student. No, I'm not.

I'm a student. I'm not a student. Am I a student?

Yes, you are.
No, you are not.

2. Is she a student?
2. She is a student. 2. She is not a student. Yes, she is.
She's a student She isn't a student. No, she is not.

3. Are we students?
3. We are students. 3. We are not students. Yes, we are.
We're students We aren't students. No, we are not.

Practice
1. Substitute the underlined word(s) for an appropriate pronoun.

1. Michael is a lawyer. ________________

2. My dog is very sweet. ________________

3. Jessica isn't my sister. ________________

4. John and Charles are brothers. ________________

5. Costa Rica has a lot of parks. ________________

6. Alejandra and I are a good couple. ________________

7. Alajuela is hot today. ________________

8. I can’t find my pencil. ________________

9. My mother is a great cook. ________________

10. I don’t like my neighbors. ________________

24
2. Fill in the following blanks using the corresponding form of the verb to be: is, are or am.

1. Mariah lives next door. She ________________ really beautiful.

2. My father works all day. He ________________ my hero.
3. My dog eats a lot. It ________________ totally playful.
4. My friends go to the same school. They ________________ very nice to me.
5. You have a lot of problems. You ________________ a troublesome person.
6. My cousins and I get along. We ________________ also good friends.
7. I love to exercise. I ________________ a runner.
8. Dale sings very well. He ________________ in a rock band.

3 . Fill in the following blanks using the corresponding form of the verb to be and a
subject pronoun: I'm, he's, she's, it's, we're, you're, they're. Use the underlined
word(s) as a reference.

1. Alejandra has a great family. ________________ very fortunate.

2. My mother has many dogs. ________________ thankful to have a home.
3. John has a car. ________________ red and very fast.
4. Arturo eats a lot. ________________ is very fat.
5. My brothers pick on me all the time. ________________ very mean.
6. You have no siblings. ________________ an only child.
7. I work with students. ________________ a teacher.

4. Provide an appropriate question in each case.

1. ______________________________? 4. ______________________________?

Yes, I am a student. Yes, I am ok.

2. ______________________________? 5. ______________________________?

No, she is not sick. Yes, we are from Costa Rica.

3. ______________________________? 6. ______________________________?

Yes, it is very cold outside indeed. No, that is not right.

25
2 Building Community

2.1 Vocabulary: The School

1. Teacher 2. Principal 3. Classroom 4. Classmates

5. Notebook 6. Pencil 7. Pen 8. Eraser

9. Pencil Case 10. Book 11. Whiteout 12. Highlighter

13. Scissors 14. Stapler 15. Hole puncher 16. Locker

17. Glue 18. Tape 19. Schedule 20. Dictionary

26
Practice

1. Find the school vocabulary from the previous page in the following word search puzzle.
Then, write them on the lines provided.

M T M S G V P R I N C I P A L
R E H C N U P E L O H R T M S
I T X I A C U T P T L V L O T
R S H S C Q U H P E U L G I A
A N U S L Q J G W B N Z U E P
B W U O A K Z I L O Q C N K L
M O O R S S A L C O K E I M E
W C O S S G O H C K C D G L R
L A S Q M E S G Y M C K U U A
G Y Y R A N O I T C I D E P S
S S M U T R E H C A E T B R E
E T U O E T I H W H W S M P R
M N D B A O J N C N K X A B T
U Y L C B C F S I C K T P C T
M M X J E B J T F Q T L S L S

1. ______________________________ 11. ______________________________

2. ______________________________ 12. ______________________________
3. ______________________________ 13. ______________________________
4. ______________________________ 14. ______________________________
5. ______________________________ 15. ______________________________
6. ______________________________ 16. ______________________________
7. ______________________________ 17. ______________________________
8. ______________________________ 18. ______________________________
9. ______________________________ 19. ______________________________
10. _____________________________ 20. ______________________________

27
 2. Complete the crossword puzzle with the School vocabulary.
13.

1. 2.

3.

4.

6.

7.

8. 9.

11. 5.

10.

12.

Across: Down:
3. Instrument used to write and easy to erase. 1. Ink used to write.
4. The one who grades students. 2. The boss of the school.
7. Instrument used to cut. 5. This is where I can keep my belongings.
8. This is where I keep my pencils. 6. This is where I write.
11. The different classes and times. 9. This is where we sit to learn.
12. This is where I study. 10. This is used to stick things together.
13. Instrument to stick documents together.

28
2.2 Classroom Language

1. May I go to the restroom? 2. May I come in? 3. Sit down/stand up

4. Open/close the door 5. Do not use the cellular phone 6. Be quiet

7. Pay attention 8. Be on time 9. Take your break

10. Raise your hand 11. How do you say ___ in English? 12. How do you pronounce ____?

13. What is the meaning of ____? 14. May I borrow your book? 15. Could you repeat that please?

29
 Practice
1. Match the situation on the left column with its corresponding expression on the right column.

1. The door is open ( ) May I go to the restroom?

2. You need a pencil ( ) May I come in?
3. The class is finished ( ) What is the meaning of ____?
4. You have a question ( ) Raise your hand
5. You are late ( ) Pay attention
6. You don't understand an instruction ( ) Be on time
7. You need the bathroom ( ) Open the door
8. You don't understand a word ( ) Close the door
9. You are walking around the class ( ) May I borrow your pencil?
10. You must go to the board ( ) Take your break
11. You don't know how to say a word ( ) Sit down
12. You are not listening to the teacher ( ) Stand up
13. The door is closed ( ) Could you repeat that?
14. You are outside the classroom ( ) How do you pronounce?

2. Use the clues to find the hidden command in each case.

1. etak a kbare ________________________________
2. mya i og to hte otrsorem? ________________________________
3. be no emit ________________________________
4. mya i coem in? ________________________________
5. npoe teh odor ________________________________
6. leocs teh rodo ________________________________
7. may i borrow ruyo niepcl? ________________________________
8. ypa tanitonet ________________________________
9. aisre oyru ndha ________________________________
10. hwat is teh ianegnm of? ________________________________
11. loucd oyu treaep tath? ________________________________
12. ohw od yuo peoorcnun? ________________________________

30
2.3 Grammar: Demonstratives
Demonstrative Number Use when

This Singular Near

That Singular Far

These Plural Near

Those Plural Far

Examples:

1. This is my new laptop 2. Those are my shoes

3. That is my backpack 4. Those are my books

5. This is my eraser 6. These are my pens.

7. This is my dog 8. That is my car

31
 Practice
1. Fill in the following blanks. Use "That" or "This".

1. ______________ is a pencil.

2. ______________ is a notebook.
1 5

3. ______________ is my classroom.

4. ______________ is a teacher. 2 6

5. ______________ is a stapler.

6. ______________ is the Principal. 3 7

7. ______________ the class schedule.

4 8
8. ______________ is my locker.

2. Fill in the following blanks. Use "Those" or "These".

1.______________ are pencils.

2. ______________ are books.

1 5
3. ______________ are my classmates.

4. ______________ are clips.

2 6

5. ______________ are my parents.

6. ______________ are markers. 3 7

7. ______________ are pens.

4 8
8. ______________ are lockers.

32
3 Let´s get personal
3.1 Adjectives to describe emotions

1. Worried 2. Nervous 3. Angry 4. Sleepy

5. Happy 6. Sad 7. Excited 8. Sick

9. Upset 10. Tired 11. Thirsty 12. Scared

13. Cold 14. Shocked 15. Surprised 16. Bored

17. Jealous 18. Proud 19. Embarrassed 20. Hungry

21. Disappointed 22. Homesick 23. Hot 24. Lonely

33
 Practice
1. Find the emotion words in the puzzle.

Y S M V H Y W U V N O V S S D
S P C E A R O E L C T N I K D
Y U E V R G I L F D E F C O Y
U D R E H N I H U R E O K Z R
U E D P L A R X V W T J H E Q
O N D A R S V O D E T I C X E
Q F U T M I U E R X X U R N O
M Q O W Y S S K J A Z W V E Y
X Q E P L E V E W V Z O Y I D
D F P A E W L C D Q Q R A F H
Z A E F Z R V G D Y J R A Z D
H Q S N U I B H L R K I Q S J
Y K G B Y T Q A Z C I E A B K
D I S A P P O I N T E D X R V
U P S E T N Q P C U X U U E L

Angry Tired Sleepy Sad

Happy Disappointed Upset Surprised
Sick Nervous Excited Worried

2 . Describe the following pictures. Use adjectives to describe emotions. One example is
done for you.

1. He feels tired 3. ___________________

2. ___________________ 4. ___________________

34
 5. ___________________ 8. ___________________

6. ___________________ 9. ___________________

7. ___________________ 10. ___________________

3. Complete the crossword puzzle.

Across: 1. 2. 3.
1. I am sweating. I feel really ...
7. I made a mistake. I feel ... 4.

9. I need company. I feel ... 5. 6.

11. I heard a burglar. I feel ...
7. 8.
12. I need something to do.
I feel ...
13. I am trembling. I feel really ...
9.
Down:
2. I need to drink something.
I feel ...
3. I need to eat something.
I feel ... 10. 11.
4. I miss my country. I feel ...
12.
5. My friend has a new car.
I feel ...
6. I´m very angry. I feel ...
8. I cannot believe it. I feel ...
10. I got a 100. I feel ... 13.

35
 3.2 Personal Information
Michael Sweet
Born: on July 1963
Origin: Whittier, California
Band: Stryper
Occupation: musician, singer-songwriter, producer
Instruments: vocals, guitar, and piano
Wife: Kyle Sweet (1986-2009), Lisa Champagne (2010)
Brother: Robert Sweet
Daughter: Elena Sweet Son: Michael Sweet
Favorite Drink: Coffee
Favorite snack: peanut M&M's
Hobbies: music, writing and spending time with family

Practice
1. Complete the following questions based on the previous information.

1. What is his name? __________________________________

2. When was he born? __________________________________

3. How old is he? __________________________________

4. What is his nationality? __________________________________

5. Where is he from? __________________________________

6. What does he do? __________________________________

7. Is he married, single or divorced? __________________________________

8. How many children does he have? __________________________________

9. What are his children's names? __________________________________

10. What's his favorite drink? __________________________________

11. What's his favorite food? __________________________________

12. What does he do in his free time? __________________________________

36
2. Answer the questions about you and then ask your partner to complete the chart.

Question Me My partner

What’s your name?

What’s your last name?
How old are you?
Where do you live?
What’s your telephone number?
What do you do?
Where do you study?
How many brothers or sisters have you got?

3.3 The Alphabet

A ei
N en

B bi O ou

C ci P pi

D di Q kiu

E i R ar

F ef S es

G yi T ti

H eich U iu

I ai V vi

J yei W dabliu

K kei X ex

L el Y uai

M em Z zi

37
 Practice
1. Write down the words that are going to be spelled.

1. ___________________________ 6. ___________________________

2. ___________________________ 7. ___________________________

3. ___________________________ 8. ___________________________

4. ___________________________ 9. ___________________________

5. ___________________________ 10. __________________________

2. Get together with a classmate and ask and answer the following questions.

1. How do you spell your first name? ________________________

2. How do you spell your last name? ________________________

3. How do you spell your teacher's name? ________________________

4. How do you spell your school's name? ________________________

5. How do you spell your mother's name? ________________________

6. How do you spell your father's name? ________________________

7. How do you spell your best friend’s name in the class? ________________________

3.4 Dates
Days of the Week
Sunday
Language Note
Monday
Monday through Friday week days
Tuesday
Wednesday Sunday and Saturday weekends
Thursday
We use the preposition “on” with days.
Friday Ex: I am free on Saturdays.
Saturday

38
Practice
1. Fill in the gaps with the days of the week.

1. Most people go to work on a M _ _ d _ _.

2. The day after Monday is T_ e _ d _ y.

3. Late night shopping is on a Th _ _ s _ _ _.

4. Most people work from M _ _ _ _ y to F_ _ _ a _.

5. The middle day of the week is Wed _ _ _ day.

6. The weekend is S_ _ ur _ _ _ and S _ _ d _ _.

2. Fill in the gaps with the days of the week.

1. My favorite day of the week is ________________________.

2. I usually go to church on ________________________.

3. Sometimes I go out on ________________________.

4. Last day of school week is ________________________.

5. First day of school week is ________________________.

Months of the year

January
February
March
April
Language Note
May
June We use the preposition “in”
with months.
July
August Ex: My birthday is in December.
September
October
November
December

39
 Practice
1. Complete the puzzle using the months of the year.

1. 2.

3.

4. 5. 6.

7. 8.

9.

10. 11.

12.

Across: Down:
3. We celebrate Santa Rosa Battle. 1. We celebrate Labor day.
7. We celebrate Christmas. 2. We celebrate Culture’s Day.
8. We celebrate Mother’s Day. 4. We celebrate Costa Rica’s Independence
9. USA celebrates Thanksgiving. Day.

10. We celebrate Saint Valentine. 5. We celebrate New Year.

12. We celebrate Guanacaste’s Annexation. 6. We celebrate Father’s Day.

11. We celebrate Juan Santamaría’s Day.

40
 Date numbers
1st first 11th eleventh 21st twenty-first
2nd second 12th twelfth 22nd twenty-second
3rd third 13th thirteenth 23rd twenty-third
4th fourth 14th fourteenth 24th twenty-fourth
5th fifth 15th fifteenth 25th twenty-fifth
6th sixth 16th sixteenth 26th twenty-sixth
7th seventh 17th seventeenth 27th twenty-seventh
8th eighth 18th eighteenth 28th twenty-eighth
9th ninth 19th nineteenth 29th twenty-ninth
10th tenth 20th twentieth 30th thirtieth
31st thirty-first

Language Note In English we write dates in the following order: Day + month + date+ year.
The date number has the last two letters of its spelling, ex: 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, etc.
Years are pronounced in two sections. Ex: 1975: nineteen - seventy five.

Practice
1. Write the following dates in a complete form as the example:

12/9/1975: _________________________
Tuesday, December 9th, 1975

1. 5/6/1735 ______________________________________
2. 7/31/1938 ______________________________________
3. 5/4/1975 ______________________________________
4. 6/10/1951 ______________________________________
5. 1/23/1955 ______________________________________
6. 2/15/2000 ______________________________________
7. 3/20/1999 ______________________________________
8. 4/14/1986 ______________________________________
9. 8/20/1921 ______________________________________
10. 9/17/1981 ______________________________________
11. 11/30/1910 ______________________________________

41
4 Meet my family
4.1 Family Members

1. Father/Dad 2. Mother/Mom 3. Parents 4. Husband

5. Wife 6. Brother 7. Sister 8. Child

9. Children 10. Siblings 11. Daughter 12. Son

13. Aunt 14. Uncle 15. Cousin 16. Niece

17. Nephew 18. Grandpa 19. Grandma 20. Grandparents

42
 21. Grandson 22. Granddaughter 23. Grandchild 24. Grandchildren

25. Godmother 26. Godfather 27. Godson 28. Goddaughter

29. Father in law 30. Mother in law 31. Son in law 32. Daughter in law

33. Brother in law 34. Sister in law 35. Stepmother 36. Stepfather

37. Stepson 38. Stepdaughter 39. Stepbrother 40. Stepsister

43
 Practice
1. Complete the family tree with your own family members.

Me:

Father: Mother:

Brothers/Sisters

Father´s Father: Mother´s Father:

Father´s Mother: Mother´s Mother:

4.2 Grammar
Possessive’s

An apostrophe (‘) is used after an individual to indicate that the next

noun belongs to him/her.

Ex:

Maria’s car (the car belongs to Maria).

John’s book (the book belongs to John).

Alejandra’s phone (the phone belongs to Alejandra).

44
Practice
1 . Complete the crossword puzzle by using family members from item 27 to item 40 on page
43. Always respect the space between words.
1. 2.

3.
4. 5.
6.
7.

8.

9.

10. 11. 12.

13. 14.
15.

16.

17.

Across:
1. My wife’s son but not mine. 18.

3. A male godchild.
6. My husband’s mother. Down:
8. My wife’s daughter but not mine. 1. My father’s wife but not my mother.
9. My wife’s brother. 2. My daughter’s husband.
10. My stepmother’s son. 4. My stepmother’s daughter.
13. A female godchild. 5. My son’s wife.
15. My son’ son. 7. The daughter of my daughter.
16. My brother’s wife. 11. My mother´s husband who is not my father.
17. My wife’s father. 12. The son or daughter of my child.
18. The man who sponsors my baptism. 14. The woman who sponsors my baptism.

45
 2. Match the family term on the right column with its definition on the left column.

( ) father 1. Brother and sister are __________.

( ) mother 2. My brother's daughter is my __________.

( ) parents 3. My mother is my father's __________.

( ) husband 4. My father's daughter is my __________.

( ) wife 5. My father's sister is my __________.

( ) brother 6. My father's father is my __________.

( ) sister 7. My mother's husband is my __________.

( ) child 8. My brother is my mother’s __________.

( ) siblings 9. My sister’s son is my __________.

( ) daughter 10. Grandmother and grandfather are my __________.

( ) son 11. My aunt’s son or daughter is my __________.

( ) aunt 12. My father’s wife is my __________.

( ) uncle 13. My mother’s son is my __________.

( ) cousin 14. My mother and father are my __________.

( ) niece 15. One’s son or daughter __________.

( ) nephew 16. My father is my mother’s __________.

( ) grandfather 17. My mother’s brother is my __________.

( ) grandmother 18. My sister is my mother’s __________.

( ) grandparents 19. My mother’s mother is my __________.

46
4.3 Describing my family

1. Thin/Skinny 2. Fat/Overweight 3. Tall 4. Short

5. Handsome/good- 6. Beautiful 7. Young 8. Old

looking

9. Smart/Intelligent 10. Hard-working 11. Lazy 12. Fun

13. Boring 14. Ambitious 15. Demanding 16. Creative

17. Selfish 18. Messy 19. Neat 20. Organized

47
 4.4 Grammar
 Describing Sentences
Subject + verb to be + intensifier + describing adjective

Intensifiers emphasize the meaning of the adjective, examples: very, really

We use the following questions to describe a person:

What’s Maria like? (personality) What does Maria look like? (physical appearance)
She is shy. She is tall.

Sentence examples: My mother is very organized

My brother is really intelligent
My father is hard working

Practice
1. Choose three members of your family and write 5 sentences describing them.

Family Members Description Sentences

1. _________________________________________

2. _________________________________________

3. _________________________________________

4. _________________________________________

5. _________________________________________

1. _________________________________________

2. _________________________________________

3. _________________________________________

4. _________________________________________

5. _________________________________________

48
 Family Members Description Sentences

1. _________________________________________

2. _________________________________________

3. _________________________________________

4. _________________________________________

5. _________________________________________

4.5 Phonology
English words are divided into "phonemes". A phoneme is defined as a sound unit. A
phoneme can be represented or expressed by one letter (like most consonants: /f/, /t/, /v/)
or by several letters (like vowels /ei/, /ai/, /iy/).

Examples: The word "cat" has three phonemes: /c/ /a/ /t/

The word "face" has three phonemes /f/ /ei/ /s/

The word "fix" has four phonemes /f/ /I/ /k/ /s/

Language Note English sounds are always written between two slashes / /

Practice
1. Divide the following words into phonemes.

1. dog 5. do 9. write

2. move 6. see 10. teach

3. run 7. tree 11. add

4. like 8. eat 12. take

49
 Review
1. Classify the following expressions. Draw a check ( ) in the corresponding parenthesis.

Expression Introduction Greeting Saying Good-bye

1. How are you doing?

2. My name is Rick

3. Good morning

4. See you soon

5. This is Mary

6. Nice to meet you

7. How do you do?

8. Good night

9. I have to go

10. It's my pleasure

11. So long

12. Hello there

2. Complete the following sentences by providing the corresponding form of verb to be and
a subject pronoun.

1. Mario has a big house. ____________ my neighbor.

2. My house is big. ____________beige.

3. My pets are very playful. ____________my delight.

4. You really need to study. ____________ a student.

5. Kyle and I should hurry up. ____________a team.

6. I have a lot of work to do. ____________a teacher.

50
3. Complete every little conversation by providing an appropriate expression.

1. A: Hey Mario, how are you? 4. A: Good evening James.

B: ___________________________. B: _______________________ Derrick.

2. A: This is my sister Joana. 5. A: Good bye Allison.

B : ___________________________. B: _________________________ Linda.

3. A: Good morning Jeff. 6. A: _____________________________?

B : _______________________ Raúl. B: Terrific!

4. Write down the correct expression under each picture.

1. __________________________ 2. __________________________ 3. __________________________

4. __________________________ 5. __________________________ 6 __________________________

51
 5. Write down 15 objects that you see in this classroom.

1. _________________________________
2. _________________________________
3. _________________________________
4. _________________________________
5. _________________________________
6. _________________________________
7. _________________________________
8. _________________________________
9. _________________________________
10. _______________________________
11. _______________________________
12. _______________________________
13. _______________________________
14. _______________________________
15. _______________________________

6 . Complete the following sentences by using “this” or “that”, “these” or “those”. Use the
word in the parenthesis as a clue (far ), (close ).

1. Is _____________________your car? (far)

2. _____________________is my new laptop. (close)
3. _____________________ is the book I need. (close)
4. _____________________is a great picture. (far)
5. _____________________ is my notebook. (close)
6. _____________________ are my new friends. (close)
7. _____________________ are her blouses. (far)
8. _____________________ are my new pants. (far)
9. _____________________ are your old books. (close)
10. _____________________ are beautiful flowers. (close)

52
7. Write down three adjectives to express how you feel in the following situations.

1. Christmas I feel ________________________________________

2. Before an exam I feel ________________________________________

3. At a funeral I feel ________________________________________

4. In a soccer game I feel ________________________________________

5. When someone lies to me I feel ________________________________________

8. Listening.
Answer the questions you will hear.

1. _______________________________________________________________.

2. _______________________________________________________________.

3. _______________________________________________________________.

4. _______________________________________________________________.

5. _______________________________________________________________.

9. Write down 7 special dates for you. Provide the event (birthdays or any other event). Use
the complete English format.

Event Complete Date

1. ___________________________________________________________________.

2. ___________________________________________________________________.

3. ___________________________________________________________________.

4. ___________________________________________________________________.

5. ___________________________________________________________________.

6. ___________________________________________________________________.

7. ___________________________________________________________________.

53
 10. Speaking
Get together with a classmate and ask and answer the following questions.

Questions Me My Partner

1. Who do you live with?

2. What are your siblings names?

3. What does your mom look like?

4. What is your brother like?

5. What is your sister like?

11. Phonology.

What is a phoneme? Examples of your own (use

classroom objects):

54
1 . Complete the definitions provided by using the corresponding classroom object term.
Use the word bank.

dictionary - sharpener - chalk - scissors - flag - computer -

chairs - loudspeaker - bookshelf - clock - map - thumbtack

1. We use it to write, we get dust on our hands.

2. It’s sharp, pointed and very small. It can hold things on

the wall.

3. It’s soft and made of cloth. Every country has one.

4. Students and teachers use it when they aren’t

standing.

5. It tells the time.

6. It does the work that a typewriter can do and much

more.

7. It is on the wall. We can hear voices through it.

8. We find continents, oceans, seas and countries on it.

9. It makes a sharp point at the end of a pencil.

10. It’s a place for dictionaries and encyclopedias when

we aren’t using them.

11. We use it to cut paper and other materials.

12. Its a kind of book that tells us the meanings of words.

55
 2 . Choose the option that best completes each statement. Use family relationships and the
possessive case.

1. My father’s sister is my _____________________.

A. brother C. aunt
B. mother D. daughter

2. My sister is my grandmother’s _____________________.

A. sister C. aunt
B. granddaughter D. daughter

3. I am my mother’s _____________________.

A. niece C. son
B. nephew D. cousin

4. My uncle’s son is my _____________________.

A. niece C. son
B. nephew D. cousin

5. My son’s wife is my _____________________.

A. cousin C. daughter in law

B. daughter D. mother

6. My grandfather is my mother’s _____________________.

A. husband C. son
B. nephew D. father

7. My father’s mother is my _____________________.

A. aunt C. grandmother
B. Sister D. niece

8. My wife’s father is my _____________________.

A. cousin C. father in law

B. brother D. husband

56
3. Complete the following sentences using the verb to be (IS, ARE, AM). Use the bold word(s)
as a reference.

1. Melissa works here. She ______________ a secretary.

2. I speak Spanish. I ______________ Costa Rican.

3. She loves cooking. She ______________ a great cook.

4. He plays video games. He ______________ a skillful player.

5. My friends have a lot of movies. They ______________ all cool.

6. David has the flu. He ______________ sick.

7. My dog is a cocker. It ______________ black.

8. Fruits are delicious. They ______________ healthy.

9. You are busy. You ______________ a hardworking person.

10. Jennifer and I love music. We ______________ good friends.

4. Complete the following sentences using the VERB TO BE and a SUBJECT PRONOUN.

1. Marcelino has three children. ______________ Alejandra’s father.

2. Raul and Jessica have a relationship. ______________ married.

3. Daniel and I order from Amazon. ______________ brothers in law.

4. Damaris has a nice house. ______________ my grandma.

5. My mother loves me very much. ______________ very caring with me.

6. I have many books. ______________ a teacher.

7. You have nice parents. ______________ lucky.

8. They make music. ______________ guitar players.

9. Roberto works a lot. ______________ a doctor.

10. Costa Rica has many beaches. ______________ a beautiful country.

57
 5. Write down a short conversation about each picture. Use greetings and introductions.

1. A: _______________________________ 2. A: _______________________________
___________________________________. ___________________________________.

B: _______________________________ B: _______________________________
___________________________________. ___________________________________.

3. A: _______________________________ 4. A: _______________________________
___________________________________. ___________________________________.

B: _______________________________ B: _______________________________
___________________________________. ___________________________________.

58
 2. Enjoying Life

• Every day activities

• Adverbs of Frequency
• Simple Present
• Food and Eating Habits
• Connecting Words
• Free time activities
• Cardinal Numbers
• Minimal Pairs
1 My daily routine

1.1 Daily Routines

1. Wake-up 2. Get up 3. Take a shower 4. Brush my teeth

5. Floss my teeth 6. Get dressed 7. Make the bed 8. Brush/comb my hair

9. Walk to school 10. Take the bus 11. Attend classes 12. Take a break

13. Have/eat breakfast 14. Have/eat lunch 15. Go back home 16. Go to bed

17. Do homework 18. Have/eat dinner 19. Wash dishes 20. Watch TV

60
Practice
1. Write down the activity verb below each picture.

1. 2. 3. 4.

5. 6. 7. 8.

9. 10. 11. 12.

2 . The following sentences are in the wrong order. Number them so they are in the right
order.

_____ Jennifer watches TV for one hour.

_____ She has dinner at 6:00 PM.

_____ She brushes her teeth and eats breakfast.

_____ She has lunch at 12:30 PM.

_____ She does her homework after watching TV.

_____ She has Math and English lessons in the morning.

_____ She goes to bed.

_____ Her mother picks her up after school.

61
 _____ Jennifer gets up in the morning.
_____ She has music and computer lessons in the afternoon.
_____ Her mother drives her to school.
_____ She has a sound sleep.
_____ Jennifer turns off the lamp.
_____ She reads a storybook in bed.

1.2 Vocabulary: Frequency Adverbs

The Position of the adverb in a sentence

An adverb of frequency goes before a main verb except with the verb “to be”.

Subject + Adverb of frequency + Main Verb

Ex. I always brush my teeth after lunch.

She usually reads before sleep.

Subject + Verb “to be” + Adverb of frequency

Ex. They are never on time for class.

He is often at the office on weekends.

Adverb Frequency Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday

Always 100%
Usually 90%
Often 70%
Sometimes 50%
Seldom 30%
Rarely 20%
Never 0%

Language Note 1. The Frequency adverbs describe how often you perform an activity.
2. They are used after the verb to be and before any other verb.
3. The Frequency adverbs answer the question "how often".
Ex: How often do you exercise? How often are you on time to class?
I always exercise on the weekends. I am usually on time.

4. “Often”, “sometimes” and “usually” can also be presented at the beginning of a sentence.

62
Practice
1. Rewrite the sentences using the frequency adverb on the left.

1. (often) Rudy works with difficult people.

___________________________________________________________

2. (rarely) My parents eat out with friends.

___________________________________________________________

3. (sometimes) The teacher brings cookies for us.

___________________________________________________________

4. (usually) The students are on time for class.

___________________________________________________________

5. (never) Jane and her sister are absent from school.

___________________________________________________________

6. (always) We turn in our homework on time.

___________________________________________________________

7. (seldom) My friends and I eat at fast food restaurants.

___________________________________________________________

8. (often) Ramon is hungry right after breakfast.

___________________________________________________________

9. (always) That is why he is at the gym everyday.

___________________________________________________________

10. (sometimes) Tom is in trouble for talking too much.

___________________________________________________________

63
2. Listening
Listen to these people’s activities. Draw a check ( ) in the corresponding box.

1. Cristina Always Usually Often Sometimes Seldom Rarely Never

Get up early
Exercise
Take a bus
Watch TV
Have dinner

2. Raquel Always Usually Often Sometimes Seldom Rarely Never

Get up early
Exercise
Take a bus
Watch TV
Have dinner

3. Raúl Always Usually Often Sometimes Seldom Rarely Never

Get up early
Exercise
Take a bus
Watch TV
Have dinner

4. Mario Always Usually Often Sometimes Seldom Rarely Never

Get up early
Exercise
Take a bus
Watch TV
Have dinner

64
3 . Speaking
Student A will say, “Do you always raise your hand in class?” Student B responds, “I never
raise my hand in class.” Use the information after each number.

1. often watch TV in school? 9. often come to class unprepared?

2. always do your homework? 10. usually do group work in class?

3. rarely talk in class? 11. sometimes talk too much?

4. always respect the teacher? 12. often fall asleep in class?

5. usually come to class on time? 13. always speak English in class?

6. seldom bring your book to class? 14. usually know all the answers?

7. always get good grades? 15. bring lunch to school?

8. rarely sit in the front of the class?

1.3 Grammar

Simple Present Auxiliaries

(Third Person)
I
Do
We He Does
Do not
You She Does not
They Don’t
It Doesn’t

Language Note An auxiliary does not have meaning. However, they are necessary
for the correct construction of sentences. Auxiliaries “do” and “does” will always be
used after a subject pronoun and before a verb in negative sentences. They will
always be used before the subject pronoun in a question.

65
 Affirmative Sentences Negative Sentences Yes, No Questions

Subject + aux+ verb + Do/Does + subject + verb +

Subject + verb + complement
complement complement

1. Do you like to run?

1. I like to run 1. I don’t like to run
Yes, I do/No, I do not.

2. Does he watch TV?

2. He watches TV 2. He doesn’t watch TV
Yes, he does/No, he does not.

3. Does she work hard?

3. She works hard 3. She doesn’t work hard
Yes, she does/No, she doesn’t.

4. Does it rain a lot here?

4. It rains a lot here 4. It doesn’t rain a lot here
Yes, it does/No, it doesn’t.

5. Do we/you sleep a little?

5. We sleep a little 5. We don’t sleep a little Yes, we/I do.
No, we/I do not.
6. Do they work together?
6. They work together 6. They don’t work together
Yes, they do/No, they don´t.

7. Do I drive well?
7. You drive well 7. You don’t drive well
Yes, you do/No, you don’t.

Language Note “Third Person rule” refers to adding an “s” or “es” to the verb in
affirmative sentences only when using he, she and it.

When the verb finishes in x, s, sh, z, ch, the letters “es” will be added.

Examples:
Pablo works with Eric on Tuesdays and Thurdays.
She fixes the computer with a new software.
My dog loves to play with the ball.
Mary watches old western movies on weekends.

66
Practice
1. Write the correct form of the verb in each sentence.
1 . John ________________ (play/plays) soccer.

2 . They ________________ (don’t/doesn’t) study after school.

3 . We ________________ (take/takes) the metro to the office everyday.

4 . What ________________ (do/does) you want to study?

5 . On Tuesdays, I ________________ (go/goes) to the mall.

6 . Terry ________________ (play/plays) soccer; he ________________

(practice/practices) every day.

7 . ________________ (Do/Does) Lucy ride her bike to school, or

________________ (do/does) she take the bus?

8 . On Sunday, he ________________ (don’t/doesn’t) read the

newspaper.

9 . Where ________________ (do/does) they work?

10. How ________________ (do/does) you spell your name?

2. Fill in the blanks with appropriate simple present tense form of the verbs given.
1 . The plane ________________ at 6.30. (arrive)

2 . I will phone you when he ________________ back. (come)

3 . Unless we ________________ now we can’t be there on time. (start)

4 . The sun ________________ in the east. (rise)

5 . The next term ________________ on Monday. (begin)

6 . She ________________ an engineer. (be)

7 . They ________________ our relatives. (be)

8 . When does the train ________________ ? (depart)

9 . Let’s wait till he ________________ his work. (finish)

10. Please ring me up as soon as he ________________. (arrive)

67
 3. Listening. Listen to these people’s daily activities. Then, complete the chart with the
activities they do at the times given. Write complete sentences.
Ex: She washes her car.

9 am 12 pm 3 pm 7 pm

Lucía

Glenda

Esteban

Daniel

4. Speaking. Get together with a classmate. Then, ask and answer the following routine
questions. In the last two spaces write two questions of your own.

Question My Answer My Classmate's

1. What time do you get up?

2. What time do you go to bed?

3. How do you get to school?

4. Who do you have lunch with?

5. What sport do you practice?

6. What time do you have dinner?

7. Where does your father work?

8. What does your mother do?

9.

10.

68
5. Conversation
a. Listen to Kimberly and André talk about their routines.

Kim: Hey André, How are you doing?

André: Hey Kim. I am just a bit tired. My life is killing me!
Kim: Really? Why? What is your every day like?
André: Well, I get up at 4 am. I get a quick breakfast and go for 10 km run. Then,
I take a shower and get dressed. I drive to my job and work from 7 to 4.
Later, I prepare dinner, listen to some music and go to bed around 9. It's
pretty exhausting, you know?
Kim: Wow!!! You have a busy life indeed. My life is quite the opposite you see.
André: Is that so? Tell me about it.
Kim: I get up around 8 am. Then, I take a walk for around an hour. After that, I get
back home and have a light breakfast. I have a 9 am - 3 pm job and I do it
from home! Later, I watch TV and go to bed around 11.
André: Lucky you!

b. Listen to the conversation again. Then, practice it aloud with a classmate.

c. Complete the following charts based on the conversation. Draw a in the correct box.

Yes, she does No, she doesn’t

1. Does Kim go for a run?

2. Does Kim go to bed at 9 pm?

3. Does Kim work at home?

4. Does Kim drive to work?

5. Does Kim have a 9 am to 3 pm job?

Yes, he does No, he doesn’t

1. Does André get up at 8 am?

2. Does André run 10 km?

3. Does André go to bed at 11 pm?

4. Does André watch TV at night?

5. Does André have a tiring job?

69
2 Eating habits

2.1 Vocabulary:

1. Strawberry 2. Cherry 3. Pineapple

4. Orange 5. Apple 6. Pear

Fruits

7. Grapes 8. Bananas 9. Avocado

10. Peach 11. Watermelon 12. Lemon

13. Honeydew 14. Cantaloupe 15. Plum

70
 1. Onion 2. Potato 3. Beet
Vegetables

4. Lettuce 5. Garlic 6. Carrot

7. Tomato 8. Sweet Potato 9. Pepper

10. Celery 11. Corn 12. Cucumber

13. Cabbage 14. Mushroom 15. Spinach

71
 Practice

1. Find 15 fruits in the following puzzle. Then, write them in the spaces.

1. _________________
2. _________________
P N J T I D V E M Y O H K Y Q
3. _________________ I M J T F C G Z R U O A Q R M
4. _________________ N X C K R N F R A N L T F R E
E P D C A Z E I E Y A P Y E Y
5. _________________
A C O R A B U Y F N K Y R H P
6. _________________ P P O D W N D P B O K W U C E
7. _________________ P Y P A A E T S A N A N A B A
L U R L W C N A Y Q K R R S C
8. _________________
E T N N E P O Z L X A L J Y H
9. _________________
S L O W P J G V I O E R V A A
10. ____________________
D G L T W L I G A M U M P Z B
W
11. ____________________ A T E R M E L O N U P T K H
B M A H S R F N S L R X E T F
12. ____________________
G R A P E S R A E P V H R X X
13. ____________________
W M V F A D V O H R K R L R F
14. ____________________
15. ____________________

2. Unscramble the vegetable words in the following task.

1. gclair ____________________ 9. ioonn ____________________

2. norc ____________________ 10. totapo ____________________
3. eetws toopat ____________________ 11. peerpp ____________________
4. lueettc ____________________ 12. acbaebg ____________________
5. rsomohmu ____________________ 13. totmoa ____________________
6. actorr ____________________ 14. rucmceub ____________________
7. ebte ____________________ 15. iphncsa ____________________
8. yceerl ____________________

72
3. Complete the crossword puzzle using fruits and vegetables.

1. 2.

3.

4.

5. 6.

7. 8.

9.

10. 11.

12. 13.

14. 15.

Down:
Across: 1. It is green and round. People use it for
6. It is eaten in many ways: mashed, fried and salads and hot dogs.
baked. 2. It is used as a spice. When you cut it, it
7. It is yellow outside and white inside. People makes you cry.
eat it with cereal. 3. It is red, round and delicious. It is used in
10. People use its juice for salads. salads and sauces.

11. It is big and red in the inside. It has many 4. It is red and very sweet. People use it for
seeds. jellies.

12. It is green outside and white inside. It is 5. It is green and good for your muscles.
used for salads. 8. It is small and green. It has a big pit. You
14. It is orange and very good for your sight. can make guacamole with it.

15. People make juice with it that they drink 9. It has many green leaves. It is used for
for breakfast. salads.
13. It has little yellow grains.

73
 1. Yogurt 2. Milk 3. Water
Healthy Food

4. Seafood 5. Nuts 6. Pasta

7. Oats 8. Whole-wheat cereals 9. Rice

10. Beans 11. Peach Palm Fruit 12. Chicken

13. Eggs 14. Herbal tea 15. Fruit juices

74
Unhealthy Food and Junk Food

1. Pizza 2. French Fries 3. Onion Rings

4. Bacon 5. Hamburgers 6. Sour cream

7. Mayonnaise 8. Pastries 9. Fried Chicken

10. Hot Dog 11. Sausages 12. Butter

13. Ice cream 14. Cake 15. Marshmallows

75
 Practice
1. Listening
Listen to Carlos and Alejandra talk about what they usually eat. Write down 4 healthy and
4 unhealthy kinds of food they eat.

Name Unhealthy Foods Healthy Foods

1. 1.

2. 2.
Carlos
3. 3.

4. 4.

1. 1.

2. 2.
Alejandra
3. 3.

4. 4.

2. Complete the following charts with your healthy and unhealthy eating.

76
3 . Classify the following food items in their corresponding category. Write a in the
corresponding box.

Grains Vegetables Fruits Dairy Products Meat, seafood,

poultry
1. broccoli
2. chicken
3. cauliflower
4. yogurt
5. apple
6. steak
7. lobster
8. ice cream
9. rice
10. shrimp
11. grape
12. beans

4. Speaking
Get together with two classmates. Then, ask and answer the following questions.

Question Me Classmate # 1 Classmate # 2

1. What do you usually have for breakfast?

2. What do you usually have for lunch?
3. What do you usually have for dinner?
4. Do you eat five fruits a day?
if so, which ones?
5. What vegetables do you eat?
6. How often do you eat junk food?
7. What junk food do you usually eat?
8. What healthy food do you think
you should eat more?
9. How much water do you drink a day?
10. How often do you eat candy?

77
3 Hanging out

3.1 Vocabulary: Places to Go

1. Go to the movies 2. Go camping 3. Go to the beach

4. Go running 5. Go swimming 6. Eat out

7. Go shopping 8. Take a trip 9. Run errands

10. Walk the dog 11. Meet friends 12. Visit family

13. Visit a lookout 14. Go to the stadium 15. Go to a concert

78
Practice
1. Fill in the chart with the frequency you do these "hanging out activities".

Activity Every weekend Once a week Twice a week Once a month Twice a month
1. Go to the movies
2. Go camping
3. Go to the beach
4. Go running
5. Go swimming
6. Eat out
7. Go shopping
8. Take a trip
9. Run errands
10. Walk the dog
11. Meet friends
12. Visit family
13. Visit a lookout
14. Go the stadium
15. Go to a concert

2. Write down 10 sentences using your own information from above.

Ex: I go to the movies once a month.

1. ___________________________________________________________________
2. ___________________________________________________________________
3. ___________________________________________________________________
4. ___________________________________________________________________
5. ___________________________________________________________________
6. ___________________________________________________________________
7. ___________________________________________________________________
8. ___________________________________________________________________
9. ___________________________________________________________________
10. ___________________________________________________________________

79
 3.2 Grammar: Connectors
Connectors help us link words, ideas or sentences
Connector Meaning Example
And Addition, plus She likes running and swimming

But Expresses a contradiction I enjoy reading but I don't like going camping

Because States a reason I go to concerts because I love music

Practice
1. Complete the following sentences by using "and", "but" or "because".

1. She loves visiting family _____________ meeting friends.

2. I like to go swimming _____________ it is a great exercise.

3. I love to eat out, _____________ I don't like to watch TV much.

4. I like to go to the beach _____________ I love the ocean.

5. Mary loves going to the movies _____________ going to concerts.

6. Mario doesn't like apples, _____________ he likes grapes.

7. Daniel gets up early _____________ he starts classes at 7 am.

8. John likes hamburgers _____________ pizza.

9. He watches basketball _____________ soccer games on TV.

10. I love running _____________ it keeps me fit.

2. Find the mistake in the following sentences and write the correct sentence.

1. She likes rock but romantic music.

_______________________________________________________

2. I love computers and I can do many things.

_______________________________________________________

80
 3. Mario doesn't enjoy fruits because vegetables.

_______________________________________________________

4. Adrian dislikes TV but swimming.

_______________________________________________________

5. Esteban is fond of sports and they are exciting.

_______________________________________________________

3 . Speaking
Get together in pairs. Ask and answer questions with "how often" and the vocabulary on
page 78. Use the example as a guide.
Question My Answer My Classmate's
How often do you walk the dog? I walk the dog twice a week Martha walks the dog once a week

Question My Answer My Classmate's

1. How often do you

________________________?

2. How often do you

________________________?

3. How often do you

________________________?

4. How often do you

________________________?

5. How often do you

________________________?

6. How often do you

________________________?

7. How often do you

________________________?

8. How often do you

________________________?

9. How often do you

________________________?

81
 4. Listening
Listen to how these people like to hang out. Draw a in the box that corresponds
to the places they like to go.

The beach The movies The Mall Visit family Running Eat out A concert Stadium
Lisa
David
Sarah

5. Reading
Read the following passage. Then answer the questions in a complete form.

Alejandra

Alejandra lives in Coronado. She is in her early thirties and

she loves her dog Olaf. She does not really like to hang out
with friends. However, she goes out a lot with her husband.
She likes to go shopping. She loves to get new clothes to
wear at work. She likes to go to malls. She enjoys eating out.
She prefers to eat chicken, pizza or Mexican food. She likes
to take walks with her dog and she admires nature and the
peace it brings. She loves to visit her family every two weeks
in Cartago. She lives a little far from them. She likes soccer
but she does not go to the stadium very often. She doesn't
go to the theater much. She doesn't like dancing or going to
parties. Alejandra is unique!

1. Where does Alejandra live? ______________________________________________

2. Does she like to hang out with friends? _____________________________________

3. What foods does she like? _______________________________________________

4. What things doesn't she like to do? _________________________________________

5. Where do her parents live? _______________________________________________

6. What things does she like to do? __________________________________________

82
4 Things I like to do

4.1 Vocabulary: Free Time Activities

1. Read 2. Sleep 3. Eat

4. Cook 5. Do exercise 6. Listen to music

7. Dance 8. Watch TV 9. Play Games

10. Fix Things 11. Study 12. Go Shopping

13. Chat 14. Navigate the Internet 15. Write

83
Practice
1. What do you like to do in your free time? What don’t you like to do? Fill in the chart
according to your own interests. Use the previous vocabulary.

Likes Dislikes

2. You will listen to 5 free time activities being described. Write down the passtime and the
name of the person who likes it.

Free Time Activity Name

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

3 . Writing. What do you like to do? Write a few lines describing your favorite free time
activities. Follow the example below:

In my free time I like to listen to music from my CD’s. I enjoy

watching drama movies. I love to practice running. Finally, I am fond
of eating out with friends.

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

84
3. Write the number of the corresponding free time activity in the paranthesis that matches
its definition.

1. Cook ( ) To get together for a movie, soccer game or special show

2. Eat ( ) To keep a diary with thoughts or ideas
3. Internet ( ) To prepare delicious dishes like desserts or special meals
4. Read ( ) To rest in bed and close one’s eyes
5. Listen to Music ( ) To check e-mail or see any interesting website
6. Sleep ( ) To enjoy a delicious food
7. Write ( ) Books, magazines and other stories
8. Dance ( ) Rock, romantic, pop or electronic
9. Exercise ( ) To move their bodies to a rhythm
10. Watch TV ( ) To relax, keep fit or lose weight

Language Note To express things you like you can use the following verbs: like,
enjoy, love, to be fond of, interested in (they have a similar meaning).
Examples: I like singing/I enjoy singing/I am fond of singing/I am interested in singing.

4 . Speaking. Let’s play “Find someone who”. Go around the class and interview your
classmates on their favorite free time activities. Change every question by using: Do you.....?
if your classmate says “yes” write his/her name in the space given. Follow the example.
Free Time Activity Classmate’s Name
Do you like to cook? Mario

Free Time Activity Classmate’s Name

1. Who likes to cook?
2. Who likes whatsapping?
3. Who likes to listen to Rock music?
4. Who enjoys sleeping late on weekends?
5. Who is interested in watching horror movies?
6. Who likes to read short novellas?
7. Who enjoys keeping a diary?
8. Who likes going shopping?
9. Who likes exercising?
10. Who is fond of video games?

85
 4 . Writing: Write ten sentences describing your classmates’ likes. Five affirmative and five
negative. Use the examples as a guide.

Affirmative Negative
Alison likes to read Sofía doesn’t like to exercise

Affirmative Negative

1. 1.

2. 2.

3. 3.

4. 4.

5. 5.

4.2 Cardinal Numbers

1 one 14 fourteen 27 twenty-seven
2 two 15 fifteen 28 twenty-eight
3 three 16 sixteen 29 twenty-nine
4 four 17 seventeen 30 thirty
5 five 18 eighteen 40 fourty
6 six 19 nineteen 50 fifty
7 seven 20 twenty 60 sixty
8 eight 21 twenty-one 70 seventy
9 nine 22 twenty-two 80 eighty
10 ten 23 twenty-three 90 ninety
11 eleven 24 twenty-four 100 one hundred
12 twelve 25 twenty-five 1000 one thousand
13 thirteen 26 twenty-six

86
Practice
1. Find 16 numbers in the following puzzle. Then, write them in the spaces provided.

K C E Y E G E I G H T E E L R Q
O T I Q S V Q A F I F T E E N J
O P U N Y T F V Q X R Q L V J G
N G T W O T E H S E H A E G G F
U T W O V L V J X S H E V K I W
N T N R U K L S I J D D E T K D
E H A E F T E A T B A O N E N I
V I X H H H W N L I H Q H N L X
E R I H X R T E L W P B Q P N W
S T S R J E P E X O D E R B E L
F E E F Q E T T V N I V U M E B
P E J N C G R X R E B I A N T Q
H N V I M M B I U W V F O U R Q
A T T N E G M S L X K Q E M U T
W F T E V X W A I L Y B L D O K
N X Q V A R D C S N C Q I O F Y

1. ______________________________ 9. ______________________________
2. ______________________________ 10. ______________________________
3. ______________________________ 11. ______________________________
4. ______________________________ 12. ______________________________
5. ______________________________ 13. ______________________________
6. ______________________________ 14. ______________________________
7. ______________________________ 15. ______________________________
8. ______________________________ 16. ______________________________

2. Write down the following amounts in letters.

A. 10 + 5 = ________________________________________________________

B. 12 - 7 = ________________________________________________________

C. 17 + 3 = ________________________________________________________

87
 D. 10 - 6 = ________________________________________________________

E. 25 + 25 = ________________________________________________________

F. 31 + 11 = ________________________________________________________

G. 99 + 15 = ________________________________________________________

H. 200 - 73 = ________________________________________________________

I. 75 + 21 = ________________________________________________________

J. 80 + 11 = ________________________________________________________

K. 22 + 30 = ________________________________________________________

L. 52 - 2 = ________________________________________________________

M. 67 + 12 = ________________________________________________________

N. 33 - 17 = ________________________________________________________

O. 8 + 23 = ________________________________________________________

P. 15 + 45 = ________________________________________________________

Q. 57 + 13 = ________________________________________________________

R. 29 + 21 = ________________________________________________________

S. 125 + 215 = ________________________________________________________

T. 243 + 37 = ________________________________________________________

U. 23 + 37 = ________________________________________________________

V. 59 + 87 = ________________________________________________________

W. 43 - 22 = ________________________________________________________

X. 85 + 88 = ________________________________________________________

Y. 846 + 235 = ________________________________________________________

88
4.3 Phonology: Minimal Pairs
Minimal pairs are pairs of words or phrases in a particular language that differ in only one
phoneme, and have different meanings.

• Listen to the following minimal pairs.

1. Think 2. Thank 3. Cat 4. Bat

5. Kite 6. Night 7. Heart 8. Art

9. Tail 10. Tell 11. Work 12. Walk

13. Bird 14. Bored 15. Look 16. Luck

89
 Practice
1. Circle the minimal pair you hear in every case.

1. run fun 6. buy pie

2. take fake 7. sea she
3. desk disk 8. came game
4. bad bed 9. two do
5. fast fist 10. free three

2. Change the first letter of these words to make a new term. Use the picture as a clue.

1. pay 6. wall

2. tie 7. nice

3. pair 8. jog

4. punch 9. Ring

5. mat 10. call

90
 Review
1. What do you do on Sundays? Write ten sentences using 10 routine verbs.

1. _________________________________________________________________

2. _________________________________________________________________

3. _________________________________________________________________

4. _________________________________________________________________

5. _________________________________________________________________

6. _________________________________________________________________

7. _________________________________________________________________

8. _________________________________________________________________

9. _________________________________________________________________

10. ________________________________________________________________

2. Answer the following questions using adverbs of frequency.

1. How often do you drink coffee?

___________________________________________________________

2. How often do you exercise?

___________________________________________________________

3. How often are you on time to class?

___________________________________________________________

4. How often do you go shopping?

___________________________________________________________

5. How frequently do you eat fruits?

___________________________________________________________

6. How frequently do you eat vegetables?

___________________________________________________________

91
 7. How frequently do you participate in class?
___________________________________________________________

8. How often do you get up early?

___________________________________________________________

9. How often do you eat junk food?

___________________________________________________________

10. How often do you visit your family?

___________________________________________________________

3. Fill in the following blanks using “Do” or “Does”.

1. ______________ Maria play soccer on her free time?

2. ______________ Michael watch baseball on TV?

3. ______________ Matthew and Lisa want to go to the movies?

4. ______________ it rain a lot in Costa Rica in September?

5.______________ your school offer scholarships?

4. Fill in the following blanks using “Don’t” or “Doesn’t”.

1. Michael ______________ play basketball, he plays baseball.

2. I ______________ like to play soccer. I like to run.

3. They ______________ practice baseball every day of the week.

4. Joe ______________ watch any sports on TV.

5. It ______________ sound like a sport I know.

5. Provide the corresponding form of the verb in parenthesis. Use the Simple Present Tense.

1. My friends ______________ (prefer) to watch movies at home.

2. My mother ______________ (walk) one mile a day.

92
 3. It never ______________ (snow) in Costa Rica.

4. My teacher ______________ (dress) very formally.

5. My computer ______________ (be) quite fast.

6. My relatives ______________ (be) very nice to me.

7. We ______________ (have) to find a way to lose weight.

8. You ______________ (work) too much these days. Slow down!

9. They ______________ (think) they can beat us.

10. I ______________ (eat) what is healthy only.

6. Classify the terms in the word bank and write them in the chart below.

plum onion celery cantaloupe carrot mushroom

cabbage honeydew peach pepper cucumber avocado

Fruits Vegetables

7. Circle the correct connector in each case.

1. Tereza likes to exercise (but, and, because) eat healthy food.

2. Luke wants to visit his family (but, and, because) he loves them.

3. I enjoy cooking (but, and, because) watching movies.

4. Edgar buys many CDs (but, and, because) he is fond of music.

5. Denisse enjoys vegetables (but, and, because) fruits.

93
 8. Read the following chart. What do you think these people like to do in their free time?

Name Interests Possible Free Time Activity

Aaron Facebook, youtube and amazon

Sharon desserts, pastas and traditional food

Michael novellas, fiction, biographies

Rachel news, sports and cartoons

Allan seeing grandparents, cousins and aunts

9. Write down the number you will hear.

1. 6.

2. 7.

3. 8.

4. 9.

5. 10.

10. Provide a vowel in the blanks to make an existing minimal pair to the word given.

1. pet p_____t 6. pan p_____n

2. letter l_____tter 7. mass m_____ss

3. set s_____t 8. hit h_____t

4. boss b_____s 9. rain r_____n

5. feel f_____ll 10. bet b_____t

94
1 . Design a Healthy Menu for Marcelino. He is an elder man who needs a special diet.
Include all healthy items studied in this unit.

Marcelino’s Healthy Menu

Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday

6:00 am

9: 00 am

12:00 pm

3:00 pm

6:00 pm

95
 2. What does Marcelino eat every day? Write ten sentences describing what he eats every
day. Write two sentences per day. Use the chart you completed in the previous exercise.
Use the Simple Present Tense.

Example:

On Fridays Marcelino eats cereal, milk and strawberries for breakfast.

1. _________________________________________________________________

2. _________________________________________________________________

3. _________________________________________________________________

4. _________________________________________________________________

5. _________________________________________________________________
6. _________________________________________________________________

7. _________________________________________________________________

8. _________________________________________________________________

9. _________________________________________________________________

10. ________________________________________________________________

3. What doesn't Marcelino eat? Write ten sentences using junk food and other unhealthy
items.

Example: Marcelino doesn’t eat Pizza.

1. _________________________________________________________________

2. _________________________________________________________________

3. _________________________________________________________________

4. _________________________________________________________________

5. _________________________________________________________________

6. _________________________________________________________________

7. _________________________________________________________________

8. _________________________________________________________________
9. _________________________________________________________________

10. ________________________________________________________________

96
 3. Getting back
to Nature

• There is/There are

• Natural Wonders
• Marvels in Costa Rica
• Wh-questions with Verb to Be
• Wonders of the World
• Connectors
• Traveling Places
• Future with "Going to" to make plans
• Final sounds: -at,-en, ad
1 Natural wonders in
my backyard
1.1 Vocabulary: The Nature

1. Tree 2. Plant 3. Flower

4. Mountain 5. River 6. Lake

7. Forest/Woods 8. Valley 9. Hill

10. Hot Springs 11. Volcanoes 12. Beach

13. Sand 14. Rocks 15. Waterfalls

98
Practice
1. Find the nature words in the following puzzle. Then, write them on the lines provided.

V X R M C P M G X I I J G U N
X A Y T R L N S S B N F W Z I
V H L Y H A H I L L R U O B A
P Q N L E N U V Y R D N B H T
D D A S E T I J I L I Z O E N
A X S S K Y S V T B U T C E U
L P Y E Y C E A K R S Z A R O
Q R K A O R O Z N P Y N J T M
P A K J E N Q R R D U A J F J
L S D W P N A I O U K G E S J
C M O P T F N C P H V P A N S
P L H F N G T J L F O R E S T
F Q Q S S V I H O O A T L I L
Q H C A E B L C A F V J Q T E
S L L A F R E T A W M R W N P

1. ______________________________ 9. ______________________________
2. ______________________________ 10. ______________________________
3. ______________________________ 11. ______________________________
4. ______________________________ 12. ______________________________
5. ______________________________ 13. ______________________________
6. ______________________________ 14. ______________________________
7. ______________________________ 15. ______________________________
8. ______________________________

99
 2. Use the vocabulary on pag 88 to complete the following crossword puzzle.

1.

2. 3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8. 9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

Across Down
2. Tamarindo 1. Poás
5. Chirripó 3. Aloe Vera
6. Pine 4. San Carlos
7. Monteverde 8. Orosí
10. La Paz 9. Orchid
12. Conchal Beach has white... 11. Arenal
13. Tempisque

100
1.2 Vocabulary: Insects

1. Spider 2. Caterpillar 3. Butterfly

4. Moth 5. Beetle 6. Stick bug

7. Flea 8. Fly 9. Tick

10. Cockroach 11. Dragonfly 12. Ladybug

13. Cricket 14. Bee 15. Worm

101
102
C D St
M W ra ic Sp M
ot ric Ti
ck or go k id ot
h ke m nfl bu er h
t y g
Practice

La D
dy Fl Be ra Be Fl Ti Be
e a et go et ea c k e
bu le nfl le
g y

C C
St
ic Sp Bu oc at C

INSECTS
INSECTS

k i Be Fl
y
tte kr er ric
bu de e rfl oa pi ke
g r y ch lla t
r
U C C U La
nd at
er
oc Bu nd dy W
efi kr tte efi or Fl
ne pi oa rfl ne bu m y
d
lla
r ch y d g

D La C
W ra Fl Be dy at
er Be W
or go or
m nfl
ea et
le bu pi
lla e m
y g r

Bu C St Bu
oc ic
tte Be Fl
y
Ti
c
Fl kr k tte
rfl e k ea oa bu rfl
y ch g y

C D
C oc St
ic M M C Be ra
INSECTS
INSECTS

ric kr
o k ot ot ric et go
ke h h ke le
card. The teacher will show you an insect card and pronounce every term.

bu nfl
t ac
h g t y

U C La U
nd at Sp dy nd Sp Ti
efi er id efi Fl id c
ne pi er bu ne y er k
lla g
d r d
1 . Let's play Bingo! Get together in groups of three. Every group will be assigned a Bingo
 C Bu
Sp oc Sp
Be
i
Fl
e k ro tte id Fl Be
e de a rfl y e
r ac
h y er

C St St
W at ic M ic Be
or er Ti
c k ot k et
Fl
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lla k bu h bu le
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r g g

La La D C
M
Bu ra oc W

INSECTS
INSECTS

dy Fl tte dy go kr or
bu ot
h y rfl bu nfl oa m
g y g y ch

U D U C
nd ra C Be nd C Ti at
ric ric er
efi go
ke et efi ke c k pi
ne nfl t le ne t lla
d y d r

D C D
ra C St
ic oc St
ic
La
ra Bu
go ric k k ro k dy go tte
nfl ke bu bu bu nfl rfl
y t g ac
h g g y y

C C
Be at
er W W Ti at
er Fl
e pi or
m
Fl
y or
m c k pi ea
lla lla
r r
C
Sp Bu M Be oc C
t
INSECTS
INSECTS

te Fl Be kr ric
id ot ea e et
er r fly h le oa ke
t
ch

U La U
nd dy Ti Be nd M Sp
efi c k et efi ot
h
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ne bu le ne er
d g d

103
 1.3 Vocabulary: Animals

1. Whale 2. Dolphin 3. Crab

4. Bear 5. Goat 6. Cow

7. Sloth 8. Shark 9. Snake

10. Seahorse 11. Parrot 12. Elephant

13. Lion 14. Rabbit 15. Horse

104
16. Raccoon 17. Turtle/Tortoise 18. Tiger

19. Monkey 20. Peacock 21. Deer

22. Dove 23. Macaw 24. Opossum

25. Goose 26. Anteater 27. Owl

28. Jaguar 29. Squirrel 30. Alligator

105
 Practice
1 . Get together with a classmate. We will play the following boardgame. You will need a die.
You have to say the animal for every picture you fall on to advance.

106
2. Listening. You will listen to 15 different words from this unit. Draw a in the correct box.

The Nature Insects Animals

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15

3. Classify the following creatures according to its habitat. Draw a in the correct box.

Garden Jungle Forest Ocean

1. Worm
2. Shark
3. Seahorse
4. Macaw
5. Caterpillar
6. Elephant
7. Ladybug
8. Monkey
9. Owl
10. Tiger
11. Dragonfly
12. Alligator
13. Butterfly
14. Dolphin
15. Raccoon

107
 4. Unscramble the following letters to find animal words.

1. stohl __________________ 9. esogo __________________

2. garjau __________________ 10. reed __________________

3. atirloalg __________________ 11. cawam __________________

4. tterul __________________ 12. lwo __________________

5. doev __________________ 13. ococanr __________________

6. mkyone __________________ 14. sousmop __________________

7. caopkce __________________ 15. ernaetat __________________

8. gtire __________________ 16. siueqrrl __________________

1.4 Grammar
There is (singular meaning)

Affirmative Negative Questions

There is + a/an + There is not + a/an + Is there + a/an +

singular noun singular noun singular noun

There is not a bank on the Is there a bank on the corner?

There is a bank on the corner.
corner. Yes, there is/No, there is not.

Is there a drugstore in town?

There is a drugstore in town. There is not a drugstore in town.
Yes, there is / No, there is not.

Is there a pay phone in the park?

There is a pay phone in the park. There is not a pay phone in the
park. Yes, there is/ No, there is not.

Is there a bakery next to your

There is a bakery next to my There is not a bakery next to my
house?
house. house.
Yes, there is/ No, there is not.

There is a hospital in town. Is there a hospital in town?

There is not a hospital in town.
Yes, there is/ No, there is not.

108
 There are (plural meaning)
Affirmative Negative Questions

There are + plural noun There are not + plural noun Are there + plural noun

Are there stores in town?

There are stores in town. There are not any stores in town. Yes, there are.
No, there are not.

Are there people in the bank?

There are people in the bank. There are not any people in the Yes, there are.
bank. No, there aren’t.

Are there two supermarkets in

your neighborhood?
There are two supermarkets. There are not two supermarkets.
Yes, there are.
No, there aren’t.

Language Note Use “any” when you want to indicate that

a “zero quantity” of something exists.

Practice
1. Write “there is” or “there are”in the spaces provided.

1. ____________ _________ an elephant in the zoo.

2. ____________ _________ a tiger in the zoo.
3. ____________ _________ five monkeys in the zoo.
4. ____________ _________ zebras in the zoo.
5. ____________ _________ a giraffe in the zoo.
6. ____________ _________ pretty birds in the zoo.
7. ____________ _________ a peacock in the zoo.
8. ____________ _________ pink flamingoes in the zoo.
9. ____________ _________ ten raccoons in the zoo.
10. ____________ _________ an owl in the zoo.
11. ____________ _________ six deers in the zoo.
12. ____________ _________ an anteater in the zoo.

109
 2. Choose the right answer.

1. There is/ There are a bug on my shoulder.

2. There is/ There are no tigers in Costa Rica.

3. There is/ There are animals in my garden.

4. There is/ There are a sloth in the tree.

5. There is/ There are ten cockroaches in the kitchen.

6. There is/ There are two macaws in that tree.

7. There is/ There are two fleas in the dog.

8. There is/ There are a lot of raccoons in the forest.

9. There is/ There are a giant tree over there.

10. There is/ There are an alligator in the river.

3. Speaking. Get together with a classmate. Ask him/her 10 questions about his/her garden
using “there is/there are” and the vocabulary studied in this unit. Write down your questions
and your classmate’s answers. Follow the example below.

My Question My Classmate’s answers

Is there a sloth in your garden? No, there isn’t.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

110
4 . Take a look at the following picture. Write 10 affirmative sentences and ten negative
sentences. Use “there is”, “there are”, “there isn’t”, “there aren’t” and the nature and
animals vocabulary.

Affirmative Negative

1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
4. 4.
5. 5.
6. 6.
7. 7.
8. 8.
9. 9.
10. 10.

111
2 Marvels of Costa Rica

2.1 Reading: Costa Ricaís Main Volcanoes

1. Poás 2. Irazú

3. Arenal 4. Rincón de la Vieja

Poás Volcano

The Poás Volcano is located in the Central Highlands of Costa Rica. Poás is one
of Costa Rica's largest and most active volcanoes. It is 2,708-meters (8,885 ft). It is
located 1.5 hours from San José, Poás is a popular day trip for travelers staying in the
country’s capital. The best time to visit is during the morning hours from January to
April. Weekends are usually crowded and clouds normally roll in around mid-afternoon,
making it difficult to enjoy the scenery. On a clear day, however, it’s possible to see both
the Pacific and Atlantic coasts from the summit, as well as its steaming crater.

Irazú Volcano

The Irazú Volcano is located in Cartago, Costa Rica. It is the tallest volcano in the country,
reaching upwards of 11,260 ft (3,432 m), and has several active craters. On a clear day,
the Pacific and Caribbean coasts are visible from the summit. The Irazú Volcano National
Park is set on 5,705 acres of immaculate montane forest, most of which is comprised of
primary, secondary and cloud forest. From San José, you can head east 14 miles (23
km) to the nation's former capital, Cartago. From here it’s 24 miles (39 km) to the Irazú
Volcano National Park. The roads are in good condition and signs mark the route in.

112
 Arenal Volcano

The Arenal Volcano is located in San Carlos, Alajuela. The Arenal volcano measures
at least 1,633 meters. Arenal is considered a young volcano and it is estimated to be less
than 7,500 years old. Arenal Volcano area is an important watershed for the Arenal Lake
Reservoir. The reservoir's water is used for hydroelectric power. It is also connected to
the national system.

Rincón de la Vieja

The Rincón de la Vieja Volcano is located in Guanacaste. Its name means "The Old
Woman's Corner", a reference to a local legend about a girl whose lover was thrown into
the crater by her father; she became a recluse living on the mountain, and was credited
with powers of healing. Rincón de la Vieja stands 1,916 metres (6,286 ft) above sea
level, and its summit is the highest point in Rincón de la Vieja Volcano National Park.

Practice
1. Fill in the following chart with the previous information.

Volcano Name Location Height Special Traits

Poás

Irazú

Arenal

Rincón de la
Vieja

113
 2.2 Grammar: Wh-questions
Wh- Question
Words Used for Examples Answer Example

Where is Costa Rica It is located in Central

Where Places
located? America
What Things What is the weather like? It is hot and humid
When Time When do people visit it? People visit it in Summer
Who People Who visits it? Different tourists visit it
How high Height How high is it? It is 5000 feet tall

Language Note Question Structure

Wh + verb + complement Where is it?
Wh + do/does + subject + compl? What does it look like?

Practice
Match the question on the left column with its corresponding answer on the right.

1. What is the weather like in Costa Rica? ( ) It is the purple orchid

2. When does it rain in Costa Rica? ( ) It is 3820 meters

3. Who is Costa Rica visited by? ( ) It is located in Puntarenas

4. How high is Chirripó Mountain? ( ) It is Santa Teresa

5. When is the dry season in Costa Rica? ( ) It is warm and rainy

6. Where is Monteverde? ( ) They are known as "Ticos"

7. What is Costa Rica's best beach? ( ) They are blue, white and red

8. What is Costa Rica's national flower? ( ) It is visited by many tourists

9. What are Costa Rica's official colors? ( ) It rains from May to November

10. How are Costa Ricans known? ( ) It is from December to April

114
2.3 Costa Ricaís Main National Parks

1. Coco’s Island 2. Tortuguero 3. Braulio Carrillo 4. Cahuita

5. Barra Honda 6. Manuel Antonio 7. Marino Ballena 8. Corcovado

Practice
Read each passage carefully and answer the questions below.

Cocos Island National Park

Cocos Island National Park, located 550 km off the Pacific coast of Costa
Rica. It is hot and very humid. It rains just about everyday between March and
December for a couple of hours. It covers an area of 11.500 acres. Cocos Island
is about 30 minutes from the mainland by boat.The island has over 400 known
species of insects, two species of lizards, 90 bird species, five land mammals:
pigs, deers, goats, cats and rats. The main attraction for Coco island is its
unbelievable scuba-diving with its schooling hammerhead sharks. On the island
hiking and biking to the top of the island for the spectacular view is an almost
must. Other main activities include snorkeling, island hopping, and fishing the
waters surrounding the island.

115
 1. Where is Cocos Island located?
________________________________________________________________________

2. What is the weather like in Cocos Island?

________________________________________________________________________

3. What animals can you see in Cocos island?

________________________________________________________________________

4. What are Cocos Island’s main attractions?

________________________________________________________________________

Tortuguero National Park

Tortuguero is a National Park in the Limón Province of Costa Rica. It is the third-
most visited park in Costa Rica, reached only by airplane or boat. Located in a
tropical climate, it is very humid, and receives up to 250 inches (6,400 mm) of
rain a year. Here you can find turtles, crocodiles, 30 species of freshwater fish,
caimans, jaguars, sloths and parrots. If you come to Tortuguero between April
and October, you can have an opportunity to see giant sea turtles laying their
eggs on the beach outside. A Guided Canoe or Boat Tour through the canals is
the best way to see the wildlife in the jungles surrounding Tortuguero. Walking
tours can be self-guided through the trail in the national park. The park also
offers a visitors center which is a short walk from the village. Canoes and kayaks
are available for rent in the village.

1. Where is Tortuguero National Park located?

________________________________________________________________________

2. What is the weather like in Tortuguero?

________________________________________________________________________

116
3. What animals can you see in Tortuguero?
________________________________________________________________________

4. What are Tortuguero’s main attractions?

________________________________________________________________________

Manuel Antonio National Park

Manuel Antonio, is a small National Park in the Central Pacific Conservation

Area located on the Pacific coast of Costa Rica, just south of the city of Quepos,
Puntarenas, and 132km (82 mi) from the national capital, San José. It has a
tropical weather, hot and humid all year long. Although Manuel Antonio National
Park is Costa Rica’s smallest national park, the diversity of wildlife in its 6.83km2
(3 sq mi) includes: 109 species of mammals and 184 species of birds.Some
examples of mammals are: sloths, four monkey species, and many snake and
bat species are also common in the park. Included in the 184 bird species are
toucans, woodpeckers, and hawks. Dolphins can be observed there, as well
as the occasional migrating whale. Scuba diving, snorkeling, sea kayaking,
mountain biking, and hiking provide opportunities to experience the tropical
wildlife that enriches Manuel Antonio.

1. Where is Manuel Antonio located?

________________________________________________________________________

2. What is the weather like in Manuel Antonio?

________________________________________________________________________

3. What animals can you see in Manuel Antonio?

________________________________________________________________________

4. What are Manuel Antonio’s main attractions?

________________________________________________________________________

117
 2.4 Main Beaches of Costa Rica

1. Santa Teresa 2. Tamarindo 3. Jacó

4. Panamá 5. Conchal 6. Manzanillo

7. Puerto Viejo 8. Hermosa 9. Samara

10. Montezuma 11. Carrillo 12. Nosara

118
Practice
Read each passage carefully. Then, fill in the blanks according to the readings.

Tamarindo is a town on the Nicoya Peninsula on the Northern Pacific coast of Costa
Rica in the Province of Guanacaste. The district has a population of 6,869, although
the town itself is about 500. It can swell to 5,000 people or more during the tourist
season and during special holidays. The main attractions are surfing and eco-tourism.
Montezuma is a town in Puntarenas Province near the southern tip of the Nicoya
Peninsula, 41 km (25 mi) southwest of Paquera and 8 km (5 mi) south of the town
of Cóbano. The center of Montezuma consists almost entirely of accommodations,
restaurants, and souvenir shops. For those who are looking for something to do at
night, Chico's Bar offers different music and dancing nightly.
Jaco is a wonderful vacation spot on the Pacific Coast of Costa Rica. It is located
in the county of Garabito in the Puntarenas province. The city has a population of
approximately 10,000 residents. Jacó's beach is 2.5 miles (4 km) long and offers
some of the best surfing in Costa Rica.

1 . Tamarindo is on the ____________________ Península, in the province of

____________________.

2 . Tamarindo town's population is about ____________________.

3 . The two main attractions in Tamarindo are ____________________ and

____________________.

4 . Montezuma is ____________________ Km southwest of ____________________

and ____________________ km south of ____________________.

5 . The center of Montezuma consists of ____________________,

____________________and ____________________.

6 . Chico's Bar is located in ____________________.

7 . Chico's Bar offers different _________________ and _________________ nightly.

8 . Jacó es located in the county of ____________________, in the Province of

____________________.

9 . Jacó beach is ____________________ long.

10. Jacó offers some of the best ____________________ in Costa Rica.

119
 2.5 Wild Refuges of Costa Rica

1. Monteverde 2. Ostional

3. Gandoca 4. Isla del Caño

Practice
1 . Read the passage about Monteverde. Then, read the statements. If the statement is
false, write an “F”. If the statement is “true, write a “T”. Correct the information that is false.

Monteverde is a small community in Puntarenas, Costa Rica, located in

the Cordillera de Tilarán. Roughly a four-hour drive from the Central Valley,
Monteverde is considered a major ecotourism destination in Costa Rica. The
Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve is a Costa Rican reserve located along the
Cordillera de Tilarán within the Puntarenas and Alajuela provinces. It is 100%
humid throughout the year. Named after the nearby town of Monteverde and
founded in 1972, the reserve consists of over 10,500 hectares (26,000 acres)
of cloud forest, and is visited by roughly 70,000 visitors a year. An extremely
high biodiversity, consisting of over 2,500 plant species (including the most
orchid species in a single place), 100 species of mammals, 400 bird species,
120 reptilian and amphibian species, and thousands of insects, has drawn
scientists and tourists since.

120
 ( ) _________________________
1. Monteverde is a small city in Limón. _______________________________.

( ) _________________________
2. Monteverde is located in Guanacaste. _______________________________.

3. Monteverde is an hour drive from ( ) _________________________

San Jose. _______________________________.

( ) _________________________
4. Monteverde was founded in 1990.
_______________________________.

5. Monteverde is within Alajuela and ( ) _________________________

Puntarenas. _______________________________.

( ) _________________________
6. Monteverde consists of 26000 acres. _______________________________.

7. There are 2500 plant species in ( ) _________________________

Monteverde. _______________________________.

( ) _________________________
8. There are no birds in Monteverde. _______________________________.

9. There are 400 reptilian species in ( ) _________________________

Monteverde. _______________________________.

10. There are thousands of insects in ( ) _________________________

Monteverde. _______________________________.

2. Locate the following Costa Rican sites in their corresponding province.

Braulio Carrillo - Arenal Volcano - Irazú - Manzanillo - Conchal - Barra

Honda - Montezuma - Tortuguero - Rincón de la Vieja - Cahuita - Poás
Volcano - Santa Teresa - Puerto Viejo - Tamarindo - Marino Ballena

Alajuela Heredia Cartago Guanacaste Limón Puntarenas

121
3 A world of wonders

3.1 Countries, Nationalities and Flags

1. Australia/Australian 2. Begium/Begian 3. Brazil/Brazilian 4. Canada/Canadian

5. Croatia/Croatian 6. Denmark/Danish 7. Egypt/Egyptian 8. England/English

9. Finland/Finish 10. France/French 11. Germany/German 12. Greece/Greek

13. Holland/Dutch 14. Iceland/Icelandic 15. Italy/Italian 16. Jamaica/Jamaican

17. Japan/Japanese 18. Malaysia/Malaysian 19. Morocco/Moroccan 20. Nepal/Nepalese

122
21. New Zealand/New
Zealander 22. Nigeria/Nigerian 23. Norway/Norwegian 24. Peru/Peruvian

25. Poland/Polish 26. Portugal/Portuguese 27. Romania/Romanian 28. Russia/Russian

29. Scotland/Scottish 30. Spain/Spaniard 31. Sweden/Swedish 32. Switzerland/Swiss

33. Taiwan/Taiwanese 34. Thailand/Thai 35 Tunisia/Tunisian 36. Turkey/Turkish

37. Uganda/Ugandan 38. Ukraine/Ukrainian 39. Wales/Welsh 40. United States/American

123
 Practice
1 . Find 20 countries in the following puzzle. Then, write them on the spaces provided.

A Q R P Y L D K P Q D H D N A L G N E L
D I J U Z O M V M B S N N K B V Y G P A
A B L A S S E N E W Y N A R M E Y I Q G
N K M A M S N I I A Z T N L B G V R N U
A N S K R A I T T H A I L A N D P Y J T
C Z N A U T I A Q S F J W U B I Y N A R
W A L E S E S C O A H X C B F U F A U O
E H X Z R C Z U A I N O R W A Y N M S P
N E P A L C P L A J R D O L N C A R P B
P I A Y E K R U T O N E A M I N H E W D
V N Y W S C D N I A R I T I I Z N G N M
D I Y N V I C E L A N D I A R A A A Z T
S G Q Z A X D T B A R V A V P E L R A P
W E N Z W E O J P E D Y K A S L L I B Y
E R W K N C L E G J L N J A O V W A W G
D I J M S N C Q R Q V G A H V A Z K N E
E A A V I N G F Q H R S I G N G F C R D
N R G R A C S A G A D A M U U C T G T A
K Z U R T O Z J Q D R D Y U M J L H C P
O U F J T K L C A I S I N U T R Q Z R J

1. ______________________________ 11. _____________________________

2. ______________________________ 12. ______________________________
3. ______________________________ 13. ______________________________
4. ______________________________ 14. ______________________________
5. ______________________________ 15. ______________________________
6. ______________________________ 16. ______________________________
7. ______________________________ 17. ______________________________
8. ______________________________ 18. ______________________________
9. ______________________________ 19. ______________________________
10. _____________________________ 20. ______________________________

124
3.2 The Seven Wonders of the New World

1. The Great Wall of 2. Christ the 3. Machu Picchu 4. Chichen Itza

China Redeemer

5. The Roman Colosseum 6. Taj Majal 7. Petra

1. The Great Wall of China

Perhaps the most recognizable symbol of China and its long and vivid history, the
Great Wall of China actually consists of numerous walls and fortifications. Originally
conceived by Emperor Qin Shi Huang (c. 259-210 B.C.) in the third century B.C. as
a means of preventing incursions from barbarian nomads into the Chinese Empire. It
winds up and down across deserts, grasslands, mountains and plateaus, stretching
approximately 13,170 miles (21,196 kilometers) from east to west of China. With a history
of more than 2,000 years, some of the sections are now in ruins or have disappeared.
However, it is still one of the most appealing attractions all around the world owing to its
architectural grandeur and historical significance.

2. Christ the Redeemer

Christ the Redeemer is an Art Deco statue of Jesus Christ in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil,
created by Polish-French sculptor Paul Landowski and built by the Brazilian engineer
Heitor da Silva Costa, in collaboration with the French engineer Albert Caquot. The face
was created by the Romanian artist Gheorghe Leonida. The statue is 30 meters (98
ft) tall, not including its 8-meter (26 ft) pedestal, and its arms stretch 28 meters (92 ft)
wide. The statue weighs 635 metric tons (625 long, 700 short tons), and is located at the
peak of the 700-meter (2,300 ft) Corcovado mountain in the Tijuca Forest National Park
overlooking the city of Rio.

125
 3. Machu Picchu
Machu Picchu is a 15th-century Inca citadel situated on a mountain ridge 2,430
meters (7,970 ft) above sea level. It is located in the Cusco Region, Urubamba Province,
Machupicchu District in Peru, above the Sacred Valley, which is 80 kilometers (50 mi)
northwest of Cuzco and through which the Urubamba River flows. Machu Picchu was
declared a Peruvian Historical Sanctuary in 1981 and an UNESCO World Heritage
Site in 1983.

4. Chichen Itza
It was a large pre-Columbian city built by the Maya people of the Terminal Classic
period (c. AD 800–900). Chichen Itza was one of the largest Maya cities, covering
an area of at least 5 square kilometers. The archaeological site is located in Tinúm
Municipality, Yucatán State, Mexico. The site exhibits a multitude of architectural styles,
reminiscent of styles seen in central Mexico and of the Puuc and Chenes styles of the
Northern Maya lowlands. Chichen Itza is one of the most visited archaeological sites
in Mexico; an estimated 1.4 million tourists visit the ruins every year. The Maya name
"Chichen Itza" means "At the mouth of the well of the Itza."

5. The Roman Colosseum

It is an oval amphitheatre in the centre of the city of Rome, Italy. Built of concrete
and sand, it is the largest amphitheatre ever built (6 acres). The Colosseum is situated
just east of the Roman Forum. Construction began under the emperor Vespasian in AD
72, and was completed in AD 80 under his successor and heir Titus. The Colosseum
could hold, it is estimated, between 50,000 and 80,000 spectators, having an average
audience of some 65,000; it was used for gladiatorial contests and public spectacles.
The building ceased to be used for entertainment in the early medieval era. It was
later reused for such purposes as housing, workshops, quarters for a religious order, a
fortress, a quarry, and a Christian shrine.

6. Taj Majal
It is an ivory-white marble mausoleum on the south bank of the Yamuna river in the
Indian city of Agra. It was commissioned in 1632 by the Mughal emperor, Shah Jahan
(reigned 1628–1658), to house the tomb of his favorite wife, Mumtaz Mahal. The tomb
is the centrepiece of a 42-acre complex, which includes a mosque and a guest house,
and is set in formal gardens bounded on three sides by a crenellated wall.

7. Petra
It is a historical and archaeological city in southern Jordan. It covers an area of
264 square kilometers. The city is famous for its rock-cut architecture and water conduit
system. Another name for Petra is the Rose City due to the color of the stone out of
which it is carved. The site remained unknown to the western world until 1812, when it
was introduced by Swiss explorer Johann Ludwig Burckhardt. It was described as "a
rose-red city half as old as time" in a Newdigate Prize-winning poem by John William
Burgon. UNESCO has described it as "one of the most precious cultural properties of
man's cultural heritage".

126
 5. The 1. The Great
7. Petra 6. Taj Majal Roman 4. Chichen 3. Machu 2. Christ the Wall of
Colosseum Itza Picchu Redeemer China
Practice

Location
Author
Year Built
1 . Complete the chart based on the previous information .

Special Trait
Size

127
 3.3 Other Wonders in the World

Name: Mount Rushmore National Memorial

Location: South Dakota, United States
Author: Gutzon Borglum
Constructed in: March 3rd, 1925
Size: 5.17 km
Description: Sculptures heads of United States presidents:
George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Theodore
Roosevelt and Abraham Lincoln
Special Trait: Iconic symbol of the United States.

Name: Loch Ness Lake

Location: Highland, Scotland
Size: 56 km2
Description: Large, deep, freshwater lake. It is the second
largest lake in Scotland
Special Trait: It is famous for being home to the Loch
Ness Monster known as “Nessy”.

Name: Eiffel Tower

Location: Paris, France
Named after: Gustave Eiffel (his company designed the tower)
Constructed in: 1889
Size: 324 meters tall
Description: It has three levels for visitors. There are
restaurants on the first two levels. The top level becomes
the highest observation deck in Europe. The climb from
the ground to the top is over 300 steps.

Name: Ancient Pyramids

Location: Egypt
Constructed: 2670 BC-664 BC
Number: 130 discovered so far.
The most famous: The Great Pyramid of Giza
Size: around 430 feet tall
Description: They were made as tombs for pharaohs.
They had multiple chambers and passages.

128
Practice
1. Answer the following questions based on the previous information.

1. What wonder is located in the United States?

2. When was it constructed?
3. How big is it?
4. What presidents does it commemorate?
5. What special trait does the information mention?
6. Where is the Loch Ness lake?
7. What is its size?
8. Who is "Nessy"?
9. What is the lake like?

2 . Read the statements. If the stament is false, write an “F”. If the statement is true write a
“T”. Correct the information that is false.

1. The Eiffel Tower is in the United States. ( ) _______________________.

2. The Eiffel Tower was constructed in 1925. ( ) _______________________.
3. The Egyptian Pyramids were constructed as tombs. ( ) _______________________.
4. The Egyptian Pyramids are hundreds of years old. ( ) _______________________.
5. There is an iconic symbol in the United States. ( ) _______________________.
6. "Nessy" is the name of a monster. ( ) _______________________.
7. The most famous pyramid is in Giza. ( ) _______________________.
8. The pyramids are 430 feet tall. ( ) _______________________.
9. The Eiffel Tower is 324 years old. ( ) _______________________.
10. The Mount Rushmore is 5.17 km2. ( ) _______________________.

3. Listen to this people describing a world wonder. Check ( ) the correct box.

Eiffel Tower Lochness Lake Mount Rushmore Egyptian Pyramids

Paul
Mary
Christine
Jack

129
4 Where can I go next?

4.1 Vocabulary: Traveling

1. Travel 2. Flight 3. Airport 4. Luggage

5. Passport 6. Ticket 7. Travel Agency 8. Arrivals

9. Board 10. Boarding Pass 11. Book 12. Check in

13. Conveyor belt 14. Customs 15. Delayed 16. Departures

17. Gate 18. Visa 19. On time 20. Stopover/layover

130
Practice
Complete the crossword puzzle using the previous vocabulary.

Across Down
3. Place where you can arrange travels. 1. These are the airplanes that are getting to
4. Permission to enter a country. the airport.
6. Personal identification. 2. These are the airplanes that are leaving the
7. To make a reservation. airport.
9. To arrive at the airport. 5. To stop in an intermediate country before
10. Your plane is late. getting to your destination.
12. This is where your luggage is checked. 7. To get onto a plane.
14. Not late. 8. Where airplanes arrive and depart.
11. Bags and suitcases.
13. A door that leads to an airplane.

131
 4.2 Grammar
Future with Going to
I am going to

He The future tense with
She is going to going to has a triple verb construction: verb
It to be, “going to” and a main verb. That
structure must be used in all sentences. It
is used to make future plans. Such plans
We
are going to
could be for example traveling.
You
They

Affirmative Sentences Negative Sentences Yes, No Questions

Subject + verb to be
Subject + verb to be + Verb to be + subject +
(negative) + going to +
going to + main verb main verb?
main verb

1 . I am going to run. 1 . I am not going to run. 1. Are you going to run?

Yes, I am./No, I am not.

2 . He is going to watch TV. 2 . He isn't going to watch 2. Is he going to watch TV?

TV. Yes, he is./No, He is not.

3 . She isn't going to work 3. Is she going to work

3 . She is going to work
hard. hard?
hard.
Yes, she is./No, she is not.

4 . It is going to rain a lot 4. Is it going to rain a lot?

4 . It isn't going to rain a lot.
here. Yes, it is. / No, it is not.

5 . We are going to sleep a 5. Are we going to sleep?

5 . We aren't going to sleep . Yes, we are.
little.
No, we are not.

6 . They aren't going to 6. Are they going to cook?

6 . They are going to cook. Yes, they are.
cook.
No, they are not.

7. Are you going to drive?

7 . You are going to drive Yes, I am./ No, I'm not.
7 . You aren't going to drive.
well. Yes, we are./ No, we are
not.

132
Practice
1 . Complete the following blanks using the future with “going to” and a verb from the word
bank.
eat - drink - be - go - travel - speak - see - buy - remember - wear

1. Marco _______________________________ France next year.

2. He __________________________________ French food.

3. He __________________________________ French wine.

4. He __________________________________ in Paris for a week.

5. He __________________________________ to the Eiffel tower.

6. He __________________________________ French to the locals.

7. He __________________________________ a lot of souvenirs.

8. He __________________________________ a lot of amazing things.

9. He __________________________________ clothes from France.

10. He _________________________________ this trip for a long time.

2. Make a question with “going to” in each case.

1. ______________________________________________?
Maria is going to travel to Brazil.
2. ______________________________________________?
She is going to eat Brazilian food.
3. ______________________________________________?
Yes, she is going to practice Portuguese.
4. ______________________________________________?
No, she is not going to travel with her friends.
5. ______________________________________________?
Yes, she is going to travel with her husband.
6. ______________________________________________?
Yes, she is going to be there for two weeks.

133
 7. ______________________________________________?
She is going to stay in a five star hotel.
8. ______________________________________________?
Yes, she is going to visit Rio de Janeiro.
9. ______________________________________________?
No, she is not going to drink any beers.
10. ______________________________________________?
Yes, she is going to bring many souvenirs.

3 . Correct the mistakes in the following sentences and re-write them. There is one mistake
in every sentence.

1. She going to be in Canada.

______________________________________________

2. They are go to eat Italian food.

______________________________________________

3. I is going to practice English in Scotland.

______________________________________________

4. You going to travel by plane?

______________________________________________

5. Where you are going to go on vacations?

______________________________________________

6. We going to are Switzerland in August.

______________________________________________

7. She are going to get a passport.

______________________________________________

8. I am going buy many souvenirs.

______________________________________________

9. He is eat going to a lot of new food.

______________________________________________

134
4. Listening. Listen to people talk about their traveling plans. Complete the chart
with the information you hear.

Where are they How long are Who are they What are they
going? they staying? traveling with? going to see?

Jessica

Mario

Luisa

Kimberly

5. Conversation. Listen to the following conversation. Then, fill in the blanks

according to the information you hear.

Mary: Hey John. I am planning my next vacation.

John: Wow! Where ________________________?

Mary: I ________________________ to Germany.

John: Cool! How long ________________________ there?

Mary: I am ________________________ one week.

John: And who ________________________ with?

Mary: I am ________________________ with my husband and my mother.

John: Awesome! They say Europe is amazing! I hope you have a great time!

Mary: Thank you John! I promise I ________________________ a souvenir.

6 . Speaking. Get in pairs. Then, ask and answer the questions in this chart about traveling
plans.
Questions Me My Classmate
1. Where are you going to go?
2. What are you going to do?
3. What are you going to see?
4. What are you going to buy?

135
 Questions Me My Classmate
5. Who are you going to travel with?
6. What language are you going to speak?
7. How much are you going to spend?
8. What are you going to take with you?

7. Phonology. Listen and repeat the words ending in -at, -en and ad

-at ending -en ending -ad ending

1. fat 1. men 1. mad
2. hat 2. pen 2. dad
3. cat 3. ten 3. bad
4. rat 4. when 4. sad
5. pat 5. fen 5. pad
6. bat 6. wen 6. fad
7. mat 7. zen 7. tad
8. sat 8. yen 8. lad
9. at 9. ben 9. wad
10. gat 10. ken 10. cad

8 . Download the Merriam Webster dictionary application in your phone and find the meaning
of these words.

Word Merriam Webster Meaning

1. pat
2. mat
3. gat
4. fen
5. wen
6. zen
7. ben
8. ken
9. wad
10. cad

136
 Review

1. Find 7 insects and 7 animals in the following puzzle. Then, write them on the lines provided.

A Q T D L R K M Z R J N T B T
B L W E I I U T X A B O A F G
S G L B E S N Z Z L C O R Z B
B P T V S C I G E L S C C Y E
A C O O G K U L L I T C H E R
H D P D O B E R Y P I A Z K W
M O F T Y P T L C R C R V U H
R N W D H R F O F E K H H R A
A Q A A Q R W P R T B B C A E
B L N B E E T L E A U V T Q L
B T M T J S R D Y C G K G M G
I G T D Q U Y E S R O H A E S
T U G Y I H P V Y U I C I R E
B D R A G O N F L Y A R Y A U
H D T Z C U D Y O W I C S U R

Insects Animals
1. ______________________________ 1. _____________________________
2. ______________________________ 2. ______________________________
3. ______________________________ 3. ______________________________
4. ______________________________ 4. ______________________________
5. ______________________________ 5. ______________________________
6. ______________________________ 6. ______________________________
7. ______________________________ 7. ______________________________

137
 2. Describe Costa Rica to a tourist. Write 4 sentences with "there is", "there isn't", "there
are", "there aren't" and the nature vocabulary studied in this unit.

Example: There is a waterfall in Costa Rica

There Is There Isn’t

1. 1.

2. 2.

3. 3.

4. 4.

There Are There Aren’t

1. 1.

2. 2.

3. 3.

4. 4.

3. Complete the following chart about these Costa Rican famous touristic places using the
information studied in this unit.

Place Location Fauna Weather Attractions

Manuel
Antonio

138
 Place Location Fauna Weather Attractions

Monteverde

Tortuguero

Cocos
Island

4. Mention 5 countries (from pgs 122 and 123) where English is the only official language.

1. ______________________________
2. ______________________________
3. ______________________________
4. ______________________________
5. ______________________________

This country has English and French as official languages: _____________________.

139
 5. Provide the corresponding nationality for every country.

1. Switzerland _________________________
2. Portugal _________________________
3. Norway _________________________
4. Poland _________________________
5. Germany _________________________
6. Peru _________________________
7. Scotland _________________________
8. Malaysia _________________________
9. United States _________________________
10. Holland _________________________
11. Finland _________________________
12. Denmark _________________________
13. Wales _________________________
14. Iceland _________________________
15. Nepal _________________________
16. Australia _________________________

6 . Use a connector (and, but, because) and the future with “going to” to write sentences
about traveling. Write three sentences with each connector. Follow the examples:

I am going to visit Brazil because I love the beach/She is going to visit Mexico
but she isn't going to eat chile/She is going to visit Samara and Manzanillo.

1.
but 2.
3.
1.
and 2.
3.
1.
because 2.
3.

140
1. Find information on the web about these Costa Rican places.

Place Location Km from San Hotels Nearby Attractions

Jose

Marino
Ballena Park

Celeste
River

Conchal
Beach

141
 2 . Design a brochure for your favorite Costa Rican place. Include all themes studied in this
unit: nature, insects, animals and future with "going to".

Place:
Distance from San Jose
(Complete sentence)

General Description

Picture

Fauna:
Fauna Picture
Hotels nearby:

(use going to)

Hotel Picture
Attractions

142
 4. Checking things
off a shopping list

• Meat, poultry and fish

• Count and Non-count nouns
• Groceries
• The Supermaket
• Simple Past: Regular and
Irregular Verbs
• Men’s clothing
• Women’s clothing
• Adjectives to Describe Clothes
• Shopping for clothes
• Inflectional Endings
1 My Family’s Grocery List
1.1 Vocabulary: Meat, poultry and seafood

1. beef 2. steak 3. ground beef 4. ribs

Meat

5. stewing beef 6. roast beef 7. liver 8. sausages

9. ham 10. bacon 11. tripe 12. leg of lamb

13. lamb chops 14. pork 15. pork chops 16. T-bone

144
Poultry

1. whole chicken 2. chicken legs 3. chicken breasts 4. drumsticks

5. chicken wings 6. thighs 7. turkey 8. duck

Seafood

1. tuna 2. crab 3. lobster 4. trout

5. shrimp 6. clams 7. salmon 8. sardines

145
 Practice
1. Classify the different kinds of given meats in the chart below.

1. Trout 6. Tuna 11. Salmon

2. Wings 7. Drumsticks 12. Duck
3. Beef 8. Ground meat 13. Liver
4. Bacon 9. Sardine 14. Sausages
5. Thighs 10. Turkey 15. Whole Chicken

White Meat Red Meat Fish

2. Listening. Listen to these people talk at the supermarket. What did they buy?
Write three items in each case.

Poultry Meat Seafood

1. 1. 1.
Jonathan 2. 2. 2.
3. 3. 3.

1. 1. 1.
Michael 2. 2. 2.
3. 3. 3.

1. 1. 1.
Eddie 2. 2. 2.
3. 3. 3.

146
3 . Listen to these people talk about the meat they like and dislike. Write a if they
like the item or write an "X" if they don't like it.

Lobster Turkey Sardines Chicken wings Tuna

Mary
John
James

4 . Speaking. Get together with a classmate and talk about your favorite poultry, meat and
seafood. Ask and answer the following questions to complete the chart.

Questions Me My Classmate

1. What's your favorite meat?

2. What's your favorite part of chicken?

3. What's your favorite seafood?

4. How often do you eat meat?

5. How often do you eat chicken?

6. How often do you eat seafood?

7. Is there a meat you never eat?

8. What's your favorite chicken dish?

9. What's your favorite meat dish?

10. What's your favorite seafood dish?

11. What’s your favorite kind of fish?

12. What’s your favorite overall dish?

13. What’s the dish you never get tired of?

14. What’s your favorite kind of soup?

147
 1.2 Grammar
Language Note Nouns
Nouns refer to people, places, things or animals

Examples: cat, dog, fish, Costa Rica, man, woman

Count Nouns Non-Count Nouns

Non-count nouns are the ones that cannot

Count nouns are the ones that can be be counted individually. They are always
counted. They can be singular or plural. singular and they do not have a plural form
in English.

Examples Examples

tomato tomatoes milk water

banana bananas coffee butter
apple apples yogurt cheese
bean beans chicken margarine
egg eggs meat bread
sandwich sandwiches rice sugar

Quantifiers
“A” “AN” “Some”
It is used with singular It is used with singular It is used with non-count
nouns. The noun must nouns. The noun must nouns.
begin with a consonant. commence with a vowel.

Examples Examples Examples

• a banana • an apple • some chicken

• a pineapple • an egg • some milk
• a watermelon • an airplane • some yogurt
• a lemon • an elefant • some coffee
• a cookie • an interesting book • some water

148
Practice
1 . Consider the following nouns. Write a “C” if the noun is countable. If the noun is uncountable
write an “N”.

1. air 11. salt

2. chicken 12. pencil

3. bean 13. notebook

4. rice 14. computer

5. grape 15. pepper

6. pear 16. chocolate

7. soup 17. eraser

8. oil 18. bear

9. child 19. dog

10. person 20. cheese

2. Next to each noun write “a”, “an” or “some.

1. air 11. salt

2. chicken 12. pencil

3. bean 13. notebook

4. rice 14. computer

5. grape 15. pepper

6. pear 16. chocolate

7. soup 17. eraser

8. oil 18. bear

9. child 19. dog

10. person 20. cheese

149
2 Going Shopping

2.1 Vocabulary: Groceries

1. Pasta 2. Canned goods 3. Condiments 4. Ketchup

5. Cookies 6. Crackers 7. Bread 8 Butter

9. Milk 10. Cereal 11. Cooking Oil 12. Aluminum Foil

13.Dish soap 14. Clothes soap 15. Bleach 16. Body soap

17. Hand soap 18. Toilet paper 19. Toothpaste 20. Floss

150
Practice

1 . Find ten grocery items in the puzzle below. Then, write the words on the lines provided.

R C S E P U A L I H H U P Y M
D W O M I L K H J G C T K Y X
M C C N D V W T E W K A D A J
P K G A D Y E Z W E B I E L A
K W E F R I Q B T H Q M P L L
C R R Q B K M C N B F C X H B
B D Y B U T T E R N S O A K W
Q B R N N U T P N Y V O T I S
L D G O P C U X E T T K S R M
T O O T H P A S T E S I A I U
D H H H L A E R E C S E P F O
F I J D F G U T Z A O S F L F
W O S E E U N G F W A T I O T
C M A H O B U W X O P Z Q S B
H Q M Q W Y S U C R M V H S V

1. ______________________________ 6. _____________________________

2. ______________________________ 7. ______________________________

3. ______________________________ 8. ______________________________

4. ______________________________ 9. ______________________________

5. ______________________________ 10. _____________________________

151
 2 . Complete the crossword puzzle by using the remaining grocery items from the vocabulary
section.

1.
2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

Across Down
3. You use it in the shower to clean your 1 . Material used to wrap-up food to
body. preserve it.
6. This is a special kind of paper used in the 2 . Liquid used to wash dirty clothes.
bathroom. 4 . Dairy product spread on bread.
8. Vegetables or fruits cut in little pieces sold 5 . Liquid used on pans to cook.
in cans. 7 . Liquid used to wash dirty dishes.
9. Silk or cotton thread used to clean yout
teeth.
10. Substance used to wash your hands.

152
2.2 Vocabulary: The Supermarket

1. Shopping basket 2. Shopping cart 3. Scale 4. Cash register

5. Conveyor belt 6. Checkout counter 7. Aisle 8 Cashier

9. Clerk 10. Bagger 11. Produce 12. Dairy products

13. Frozen foods 14. Baked goods 15. Jams and jellies 16. Snacks

17. Napkins 18. Tissues 19. Pet food 20. Trash bags

153
 Practice
1 . Classify the following groceries according to the supermarket section where they are
found. Draw a in the correct column.

Household Baked Dairy

Produce
Items Goods Products
1. Yogurt

2. Trash bags

3. Cookies

4. Strawberries

5. Ice cream

6. Crackers

7. Milk

8. Soap

9. Tomatoes

10. Bleach

2 . Listening. Listen to these people shop in the supermarket. Write what they buy
in every supermarket section. There are three items per category.

Household Baked Dairy

Produce
Items Goods Products
1. 1. 1. 1.
Jonathan 2. 2. 2. 2.
3. 3. 3. 3.

1. 1. 1. 1.
Michael 2. 2. 2. 2.
3. 3. 3. 3.

1. 1. 1. 1.
Eddie 2. 2. 2. 2.
3. 3. 3. 3.

154
2.3 Grammar

Simple Past
I

He Did The auxiliary “did” is
She used only in negative sentences and in
It Did not questions. In affirmative sentences the
regular verb form is used (+ed) or the
We Didn’t irregular verb form.
You
They

Affirmative Sentences Negative Sentences Yes, No Questions

Subject + verb (past) + Subject + didn’t + verb Did + subject + verb

complement + complement + complement

Did you forget your

1 . I didn’t forget my homework?
1 . I forgot my homework.
homework. Yes, I did.
No, I didn’t.

2 . She didn’t meet a new

2 . She met a new man.
man.
Did he give you a present?
3 . He didn’t give me a Yes, he did.
3 . He gave me a present.
present.
No, he didn’t.
4 . It ran fast. 4 . It didn’t run fast.

5 . You wrote a letter. 5 . You didn’t write a letter.

Did you write a letter?
6 . We knew the answer. 6 . We didn’t know the
answer. Yes, we did.
No, we didn’t.
7 . They didn’t hear a
7 . They heard a burglar.
burglar.

155
 Regular Past Tense Verbs
They are called "regular" because they follow the general rule for the verbs in past: to
add "-ed" to the main verb. Most English verbs follow this rule. However, this "-ed" will only
be added in affirmative sentences. The following are only some examples:

1. Achieve Achieved 21. Hope Hoped

2. Add Added 22. Jump Jumped

3. Advise Advised 23. Kick Kicked

4. Agree Agreed 24. Kiss Kissed

5. Borrow Borrowed 25. Laugh Laughed

6. Beg Begged 26. Like Liked

7. Brush Brushed 27. Listen Listened

8. Call Called 28. Move Moved

9. Change Changed 29. Need Needed

10. Clean Cleaned 30. Play Played

11. Compare Compared 31. Pull Pulled

12. Complain Complained 32. Remember Remembered

13. Damage Damaged 33. Start Started

14. Dance Danced 34. Talk Talked

15. Employ Employed 35. Thank Thanked

16. Enjoy Enjoyed 36. Wait Waited

17. Explain Explained 37. Walk Walked

18. Guess Guessed 38. Want Wanted

19. Hate Hated 39. Worry Worried

20. Help Helped 40. Yell Yelled

156
 Irregular Past Tense Verbs
These are the most important past tense verbs in English. They are used more than
the regular verbs. They are called "irregular" because they do not follow the rule. They all
change in different ways. However, in the following list they are grouped according to how
they change.

Category 1 Category 2
ring rang feed fed
sing sang lead led
sink sank breed bred
drink drank read read
shrink shrank sell sold
swim swam tell told
begin began slide slid
run ran hold held

Category 3 Category 4
hit hit buy bought
fit fit fight fought
quit quit seek sought
let let think thought
set set bring brought
upset upset teach taught
shut shut catch caught
cut cut
put put
cost cost
hurt hurt
spread spread

Category 5 Category 6
throw threw do did
grow grew go went
blow blew have had
draw drew hear heard
withdraw withdrew come came
fly flew become became
know knew see saw

157
 Category 7 Category 8
send sent write wrote
lend lent choose chose
spend spent freeze froze
build built speak spoke
sleep slept awake awoke
keep kept break broke
sweep swept steal stole
feel felt rise rose
mean meant take took
meet met fall fell
leave left forget forgot
lose lost wear wore

Practice
1 . Write the correct past tense of the verbs given. Then, find them in the puzzle.

F H V N T V H C A W E O S R A N
O B K U F P D K L K B Q F B E L
U K M H O F N O O Z X W H Z S J
G H B F E E T R C L F K E P T K
H G F L P L B J L C X S P Q J Q
T Q O I U T D E I R W A P H Y G
Y L U J T S F Y I C K D T O T Z
U S N F I P A I D C Z I T Q K T
D K D T O L D F T R Z Z I V I E
O T G W O N B E C A M E I U E S
Q L H G R G S V W B S H Q R T E
V V P O T D H H M I T U O X D T
I M H N U T R I U T O W R W D S
C T E M H G J O T T O D E S L O
E P T G B K H L V M D L A W O L
S B U R U Z W T E E F D H L S D
I A S C H O S E Z F H I D G T S
T M E A N T B L C X T Y A N I F

158
become _____________ hide _____________ sell _____________
bite _____________ hit _____________ shut _____________
break _____________ hold _____________ speak _____________
choose _____________ keep _____________ spend _____________
drive _____________ leave _____________ stand _____________
fall _____________ lose _____________ teach _____________
feel _____________ mean _____________ tell _____________
fight _____________ pay _____________ think _____________

2. Write a negative sentence and a question for every statement.

1. I chose a new school for my children.

_______________________________________________________________

2. Mary drank a lot of coffee today.

_______________________________________________________________

3. Tony quit his old job

_______________________________________________________________

4. Mom spread butter and jelly on her sandwich.

_______________________________________________________________

5. I swept the floor after the party.

_______________________________________________________________

6. I tore a muscle running.

_______________________________________________________________

7. Titanic sank in 1912.

_______________________________________________________________

8. I hurt my sisters' feelings.

_______________________________________________________________

9. John drove 10 hrs today.

_______________________________________________________________

159
 3 . Complete the following crossword puzzle.

1 2

3 4

5 6

7 8 9

10

11 12

13

14

Across
1. Past tense of ring
4. Past tense of have
5. Past tense of swim
6. Past tense of choose
7. Past tense of write
11. Past tense of go
14. Past tense of teach

Down
1. Past tense of read
2. Past tense of speak
3. Past tense of know
4. Past tense of hold
5. Past tense of set
8. Past tense of tell
9. Past tense of forget
10. Past tense of see
12. Past tense of take
13. Past tense of quit

160
4 . Complete the following senteces using the simple past of the verbs in parentheses.

1. She __________________ (buy) many groceries at the supermarket.

2. We __________________ (go) to USA two years ago.

3. They __________________ (forget) to pay the bill.

4. I __________________ (clean) the kitchen pretty well.

5. My family __________________ (walk) a lot of miles to reunite.

6. John __________________ (listen) to his new CD's.

7. Rick __________________ (call) his mother several times.

8. Martha __________________ (quit) school last year.

9. Melany __________________ (draw) a beautiful picture.

10. Jonathan __________________ (play) soccer with his friends.

11. Mr. Méndez __________________ (teach) Grammar today.

12. Michael Phelps __________________ (swim) three hours today.

13. Mary __________________ (tell) a beautiful story to her kids.

14. I __________________ (wear) all my new clothes today.

15. Mark __________________ (grow) vegetables in his garden.

16. Daniel __________________ (watch) three movies on Saturday.

17. We __________________ (see) a helicopter in the sky.

18. You __________________ (have) a lot of trouble driving the car.

19. My nephew __________________(break) the neighbor’s window.

20. Lucia __________________ (throw) a ball at Glenda.

21. Alex __________________ (lose) a game once again.

22. Eddie __________________ (do) a great job.

23. I __________________ (know) how to answer the teacher’s question.

24. You __________________ (choose) the wrong door.

25. My dog __________________ (sleep) all day long.

161
3 Does this fit me?

3.1 Vocabulary: Manís Clothing

1. T-shirt 2. Short Sleeve Shirt 3. Long Sleeve Shirt 4. Tie

5. Jacket 6. Sports Jacket 7. Vest 8. Pants

9. Shorts 10. Socks 11. Belt 12. Sweater

13. Underwear 14. Pajamas 15. Shoes 16. Running shoes

17. Slippers 18. Coat 19. Sweatpants 20. Suit

162
3.2 Vocabulary: Womanís Clothing

1. Dress 2. Skirt 3. Blouse 4. Bra

5. Blazer 6. High-heels 7. Flip-flops 8. Necklace

9. Earrings 10. Stockings 11. Purse 12. Trousers

13. Nightgown 14. Make-up 15. Tights 16. Panties

17. Bracelet 18. Shorts 19. Sweater 20. Scarf

163
 Practice

1 . Listen to four people talk at the clothing store. Check ( ) the items they buy.

Isaac Allison George Laura

1. High-heels

2. Ties

3. Belt

4. T-shirt

5. Earrings

6. Running shoes

7. Bracelet

8. Short sleeve shirts

9. Long sleeve shirts

10. Make-up

2. Classify the following items in the chart below.

1. Bra 7. Vest
2. Socks 8. Tights
3. Suit 9. Sweatpants
4. Nightgown 10. High Heels
5. Skirt 11. Stockings
6. Shoes 12. Necklace

Woman’s Clothing Man’s clothing

164
3. Find 14 clothing items in the following puzzle. Then, write them in the spaces provided.

S Z X J B W C E V J U U V R B
E R J R L L S O A V N L Y I U
Y P F H E R A C A D K X O A Q
E Y L L U T K Z E T T W A D S
T B I P W E A R E P A S R A S
R D P S T K W E J R R W M I B
I Y S S S E E O W E I A P X L
K Y F E A E U L P S J J T B O
S D L O T G R P K A A O U W U
T J O H X N I D P S H O R T S
R R P S D L Z X W A G P S K E
T H S H S N S E A R R I N G S
H J A W R N I P N C C H N D G
S R E S S U O R T V E S T B O
B J J D H R N X X Z I W D G A

1. ______________________________ 8. ______________________________

2. ______________________________ 9. ______________________________

3. ______________________________ 10. ______________________________

4. ______________________________ 11. ______________________________

5. ______________________________ 12. ______________________________

6. ______________________________ 13. ______________________________

7. ______________________________ 14. ______________________________

165
 3.3 Vocabulary
Sizes

1. Large 2. Medium 3. Small 4. Extra Large

Colors

1. White 2. Black 3. Red 4. Yellow 5. Green

6. Purple 7. Orange 8. Brown 9. Sky blue 10. Blue

11. Pink 12. Grey 13. Stripped 14. Plaid 15. Dots

Materials

1. Silk 2. Cotton 3. Leather 4. Polyester

166
Practice
1 . Describe the following clothing items. Write three sentences in each case using size,
color and material. See the example below:

It is a small t-shirt
It is a yellow shirt
It is a cotton shirt

1.
Dress 2.
3.

1.
Socks 2.
3.

1.
Jacket 2.
3.
1.

Blazer 2.
3.

1.

Pants 2.
3.

1.

T-shirt 2.
3.
1.

Short 2.
3.

167
 3.4 Conversation: At the Clothing Store

Clerk: Good afternoon ma'am. How may I help you?

Customer: Good afternoon. I am looking for a new dress.
Clerk: Sure. We have a new collection coming in.
Customer: That's great. Where are they?
Clerk: Follow me please. What size are you?
Customer: I am small.
Clerk: Very well. Are you looking for a color in particular?
Customer: I need it in pink.
Clerk: I will get it for you. Here you go. Would you like to try it on?
Customer: Sure. Where are the dressing rooms?
Clerk: At the end of the hallway.

A few minutes later

Clerk: How does it fit?

Customer: It doesn't fit well. It is too tight. Do you think a medium will be
too loose on me?
Clerk: Not at all. Here you are.
Customer: This one is perfect.

Practice
1 . Answer the questions based on the previous conversation.

1. What is the customer looking for?

2. What size does she wear?

3. What color does she want?

4. How does it fit at first?

5. What size does she buy at last?

168
4 How much does it cost?

4.1 Vocabulary: Adjectives to Describe Clothes

1. Tight 2. Loose 3. Fancy 4. Plain

5. Stain 6. Torn 7. Broken 8. Long

9. Short 10. Heavy 11. Light 12. Wide

13. Narrow 14. Dark 15. Large 16. Shrunk

17. Shorten 18. Lengthen 19. Elegant 20. Embroidered

169
 Practice
1 . Complete the crossword puzzle using words from the previous vocabulary.

1. 2.

3.

4. 5.

6.

7.

8.

Across
2. When a piece of clothing is too big for you.
3. To make shorter.
6. When a kind of undesired mark is on your clothes and
doesn’t go away, your clothes are: ________________:
7. Similar to black.
8. Cut or ripped.

Down
1. Opposite of wide.
2. To make longer.
3. Synonym of little.
4. When a piece of clothing is too little for you.
5. Large in size and weight.

170
2 . Find 10 clothing adjectives in the following puzzle. Then, write them on the spaces
provided.

D H G W E A N T G G S G Y N D
F E Q K D B R N T N N J E W B
J Z R W I S P A X M O K Y Y C
R K S E W M J G W X O L K L G
B C A U D X O E Z R K W N S N
F Z A B A I Z L B S H R U N K
U A U I W P O E Z W Z H Q K I
S N N P I L H R E Y L N L H V
S M E C J A V K B I E G R A L
W E W C Y I U X G M N R M O F
G V O U S N G H E K E V K K T
T X G O Q L T I I L D F C E C
K W E E Y Z X F H R S G F I Z
V A J Q C G X P N F L W N G R
M W T W D T W D N A E K M E S

1. ______________________________ 6. _____________________________

2. ______________________________ 7. ______________________________

3. ______________________________ 8. ______________________________

4. ______________________________ 9. ______________________________

5. ______________________________ 10. _____________________________

171
 4.2 Vocabulary: Buying Clothes

1. Buy 2. Purchase 3. Return 4. Exchange

5. Cash 6. Charge 7. Card 8. Try on

9. Pay for 10. Get 11. On Sale 12. Label

13. Price tag 14. Receipt 15. Discount 16. Care instructions

17. Regular price 18. Collar 19. Short Sleeve 20. Long Sleeve

172
Practice
1 . Complete the following sentences by using any of the terms in the word bank.

buy purchase (noun) return exchange cash

charge card try on pay for discount

1. Can I pay with my credit ________________?

2. I would like to ________________ these pants. They seem to be too tight for me.

3. Is it OK if I pay in ________________? I have enough money in my wallet.

4. Here's your ________________ and your change. Thanks for shopping with us.

5. I want to ________________ this jacket. How much is it?

6. Let's go to the store and ________________a lot of new clothes.

7. I heard that store has a huge ________________on all underwear.

8. It seems this sweater has a torn sleeve. Can I ________________it for another one?

9. A: Your purchase is a total of $20.

B: Would you ________________ it to my debit card please?

10. I would like to ________________ this blouse. Where are the dressing rooms?

2 . Listening. Several people are talking about damaged items in a clothing store. Complete
the chart based on what you hear.

Piece of clothing they

What is the problem? Is it exchanged?
are buying

Jenny

Linda

Raul

Arianna

173
 3 . Match the clothing term on the left column with its correct definition on the right column.

1. Get ( ) Written proof of your purchase.

2. On sale ( ) A piece of clothing that covers the entire arm up to the hand.
3. Label ( ) Full price, no offer whatsoever.
4. Price tag ( ) A piece of clothing that covers only a part of your arm.
5. Receipt ( ) To buy or purchase something.
6. Care instructions ( ) The part of a piece of clothing that goes around a person's neck.
7. Regular price ( ) A piece of cloth attached to something to identify it.
8. Collar ( ) Special offer, cheaper price.
9. Short sleeve ( ) They explain how to take care of your clothes.
10. Long sleeve ( ) Little sticker that indicates how much something is.

4 . Listening. Several people are shopping for clothes in a clothing store. Complete the
chart based on what you hear.
Do they buy it? If not, why
What are they looking for? Price
not?
Jenny
Linda
Raul
Arianna

5 . Role play: Shopping for clothes. Get together with a classmate and write down a
conversation. One student is a clerk and the other one is a customer. Remember to
include: type of clothing, color, size, material and price.

174
4.3 Phonology: Inflectional endings

Inflections Part of Speech Grammar Verbal Tense

Function
It applies to any
“-s” Nouns Plural regular form
verbal tense

Gerund or Present or Past

“-ing” Verb or adjective
adjective Progressive

Regular past tense

“-ed” Verb or adjective Past Tense
verbs

Inflectional Examples

Inflections Origin Word Plus Inflection

play, computer, chair, plays, computers, desks,

“-s”
desk, bill, finger bills, fingers

running, doing, being,

“-ing” run, do, be, cook, stay,
cooking, staying, writing,
write, call, erase
calling, erasing

type, touch, clean, invite, typed, touched, cleaned,

“-ed”
paint, need invited, painted, needed

Regular plural “s” Pronunciation

/s/ /z/ /iz/

The “s” sounds /s/ The “s” sounds /z/ in
The “s” sounds /Iz/ in
in nouns that end in nouns that end in m,
Rules nouns that end in x,
t, f, gh, k, th, p and n, r, b, g, v, the, a, i,
ch, sh, s, z.
others. o, u and others.
arm arms
laugh laughs fix fixes
dragon dragons
park parks push pushes
car cars
Examples top tops dress dresses
love loves
path paths buzz buzzes
breathe breathes
pet pets church churches
go goes

175
 Regular past “-ed” Pronunciation
/t/ /d/ /Id/
The “-ed” sounds /t/ The “-ed” sounds /d/
The “-ed” sounds /Id/
in verbs that end in in nouns that end in
Rules in nouns that end in t
s, sh, ch, k, p and m ,n , r, b, g, v, the, a,
or d.
others. i, o, u and others.
arm armed
dance danced
call called need needed
guess guessed
clean cleaned want wanted
Examples push pushed
love loved start started
help helped
remember remembered invite invited
watch watched
move moved
Remember: Final -e in English is never pronounced: ex: snake

Practice
1 . Listen to the following words being pronounced. Check ( ) the corresponding box
according to the plural pronunciation.

/s/ /z/ /iz/ /s/ /z/ /iz/

1. clocks 7. touches
2. runs 8. axes
3. mistakes 9. naps
4. crashes 10. quizzes
5. wings 11. brides
6. pills 12. likes

2 . Listen to the following words being pronounced. Check ( ) the corresponding box
according to the past pronunciation.

/t/ /d/ /Id/ /t/ /d/ /Id/

1. thanked 7. hated
2. listened 8. pulled
3. walked 9. enjoyed
4. trusted 10. added
5. seated 11. begged
6. brushed 12. kissed

176
 Review
1 . Find twelve words related to meat, poultry and fish in the following puzzle. Then, classify
the words into the chart below.

D J I J Z N S S C P W R O C K
N R A Q O Z A V L S M I N B A
C V U C Y R T K A A C I N W E
Y Y A M D A R M M U I R R G T
N B G I S I G G S S K J N H S
N Z N L B T Z H S A N U T N S
K E J S S C I B O G W U W S Y
S E X B M W G C C E M U X H T
U C N A L V I W K S G P U L T
K J R I D E Q V X S I D V X T
R T M C H O P S D Q T F C N E
S N U Y C O N S E F S N T Y S
O Y R Q H D Y O W Y M J L K Q
J H Q U T U K Z R P K Z G M E
J Y Z B B J N E K C I H C N M

Countable Nouns Uncountable Nouns

177
 2 . Answer the following questions about the supermarket and groceries. Use the Simple
Past.

1. What was the last supermarket you visited?

2. When did you last go to the supermarket?
3. How much did you spend?
4. Did you forget to buy something?
5. How did you pay?
6. What produce did you buy?
7. What household items did you get?
8. Did you buy something you didn't need?
9. Did you eat something at the supermarket?
10. Did you help to pack the groceries?

3 . Make a question out of the following responses. Use the Simple Past.

1. ______________________________________________________________?

Yes, I remembered to buy coffee.

2. ______________________________________________________________?

No, I didn't buy any chocolates.

3. ______________________________________________________________?

Of course I bought toilet paper.

4. ______________________________________________________________?

I spent around $400 in groceries.

5. ______________________________________________________________?

I paid in cash.

6. ______________________________________________________________?

No, I did not read any magazines at the supermarket.

7. ______________________________________________________________?

Yes, I got the pet food.

178
1 . A client returns to the clothing store complaining about these items. Write sentences
describing the pictures. What he/she would say to the store clerk. Use the vocabulary
studied in this unit.

Clothing Item Problem Description

too tight shirt

too loose pants

too small shoes

stained collar shirt

a hole in a sleeve shirt

179
 2 . What would you wear for these ocassions? Write complete sentences using clothing
items, colors, size, fit, etc.

Occasion Outfit Description

The Beach

Going to the Movies

Job interview

Party a night

Just being home

180
 5. Let’s celebrate
Costa Rica’s Culture

• Family Gatherings
• Simple Past with Verb
To be
• Prepositions of Time
• Holidays and
Celebrations
• Wh Questions Applied to
Celebrations
• Celebrations Vocabulary
• Holy Week in Paraíso
• Costa Rica National
Symbols
 How my family and I
1 celebrate tico culture
1.1 Vocabulary: Family Gatherings

1. Mother’s day 2. Father’s day 3. Funerals 4. Birthdays

5. Weddings 6. Wedding Anniversaries 7. Barbecues 8. Christmas

9. New Year’s Eve 10. Soccer Games 11. Parties 12. Baby showers

13. Graduations 14. Sundays’ lunch 15. Baby Jesus Prayer 16. Nine Days Prayer
Meetings Meetings

182
Practice

1 . Find 15 celebrations in the following puzzle. Then, write the words in the spaces provided.

E P N M C W N O W R B F F T O
Z V Q O O X B E R E Y A R P D
X K E S A T D I D E K T B A O
W I J G K D H N R K A H Y Y O
K D Y N I R A E J T S E G I S
T D C I K U B L R N H R N L N
H G G D Z E J G O I Y D Y B I
S S T D C H R I S T M A S A N
R L S E N I T E E M S H Y R E
E P A W B A A S E Y C N D B S
W S W R U P O L A N Z W N E S
O T R D E C Z D U S J D F C E
H T A A C N N L E J E S S U M
S R J E E U U P A R T I S E M
G E R K S Y W F O T I N N S G

1. ______________________________ 9. ______________________________

2. ______________________________ 10. ______________________________

3. ______________________________ 11. ______________________________

4. ______________________________ 12. ______________________________

5. ______________________________ 13. ______________________________

6. ______________________________ 14. ______________________________

7. ______________________________ 15. ______________________________

8. ______________________________

183
 2 . Match the celebration on the left column with its corresponding definition on the right
column.

( ) This is a sad occasion when someone dies.

( ) People get together to pray 9 straight days for someone

1. Christmas who has just passed away.

2. Graduation ( ) It's when people celebrate the beginning of a new year.

3. Barbecue ( ) It's when a couple celebrates the day they got married.

4. Baby shower ( ) IIt’s the only day of the week when all the family is free,
so they get together to enjoy a meal and chat a while.
5. Wedding
( ) It's when you celebrate the day you were born. You get
6. Baby Jesus prayer presents and eat cake.
meeting
( ) It’s when the family reunites and grills meat, poultry or
7. Mother's day some kind of sausage.

8. Soccer games ( ) It's when a couple gets married.

9. Funerals ( ) People gather to give presents to a pregnant friend.

In this occasion they also have coffee with some kind
10. Nine days prayer of pastry.
meetings
( ) It’s when we open presents, have a special dinner and
11. Father's day celebrate the birth of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ.

12. Wedding ( ) It's celebrated on August 15th in Costa Rica.

Anniversary
( ) It's when you receive a diploma.
13. New Year's Eve
( ) People get together to watch a sports event and eat
14. Birthdays something special.

15. Sunday's lunch ( ) It's when people gather to pray to commemorate the
birth of the Messiah sent by God. Aftterwards, they
chat, eat pastry and drink coffee.

( ) It's celebrated the third Sunday of June.

184
1.2 Speaking
Get together with a classmate. Ask and answer questions on family gatherings. Provide
complete responses using the Simple Past.

Question My Answer My Classmate’s

1 . What did you get on your last

birthday?
2 . How did you celebrate last
Christmas?
3 . When was the last time your
family had a barbecue?
4 . What did you give your Mom for
Mother's day?
5 . What did you give your Father
for Father's day?
6 . When did your parents get
married?
7 . When did you graduate from
Primary School?
8 . Where did you celebrate last
New Year's eve?
9 . What did your family eat during
last Sunday's lunch?
10. What soccer game did your
family watch together last?
11. What did you eat in last Baby
Jesus prayer you attended?
12. Did your family attend a
funeral last year? If so, who
passed away?
13. How did your parents spend
their last anniversary?
14. How did you spend your last
Christmas?
15. How many parties did you
have last year?

185
 1.3 Grammar
Simple Past with Verb To be
I
was
He was not
She
“Was” and “were”
wasn’t
function as auxiliaries and as helping
It
verbs. They can never be used with
another verb in simple form.
We were
You were not
They weren’t

Affirmative Sentences Negative Sentences Yes, No Questions

Subject + was/were + Subject + wasn’t/weren’t Was/were + subject +

complement + verb + complement verb + complement

Were you sick yesterday?

I wasn’t sick yesterday.
I was sick yesterday. Yes, I was.
No, I wasn’t.

He wasn’t here two days Was he here two days ago?

He was here two days ago. ago. Yes, he was.
No, he wasn’t.

Were they at the beach last

They weren’t at the beach
They were at the beach week?
last week.
last week. Yes, they were.
No, they weren’t.

Practice
1 . Complete the following sentences using “WAS” or “WERE”.

1. I __________________ here before noon.

2. You __________________ a very good friend.

3. They __________________ very angry at me.

4. It __________________ a rainy day.

5. He __________________ my teacher at school.

186
 6. My classmates __________________ late.

7. She __________________ my best friend.

8. My mom__________________ at the beach.

9. We __________________ at the mall.

10. My dog __________________ happy.

2. Complete the following sentences using “WASN’T” or “WEREN’T”.

1. We __________________ at home yesterday.

2. My soccer team __________________ good last week.

3. John __________________ a good father.

4. He __________________ that mad.

5. Mary and Louis __________________ in class.

6. My computer __________________ in my bedroom.

7. It __________________ a good idea.

8. Jonathan __________________ in my house.

9. They __________________ very polite.

10. Your books __________________ lost.

3. Write a corresponding question in each case.

1. ___________________________________?

Yes, I was sick yesterday.

2. ___________________________________?

Yes, they were at the mall.

3. ___________________________________?

No, my mom was not in Canada.

4. ___________________________________?

No, he was not tall.

187
 5. ___________________________________?

Yes, I was in Puerto Viejo last week.

6. ___________________________________?

Yes, I was in Chicago last year.

7. ___________________________________?

Yes, she was my aunt.

8. ___________________________________?

Yes, we were in the same school.

4. Rewrite the following sentences into Simple Past with verb to be.

1. My father is sick.

___________________________________

2. Jennifer is not here.

___________________________________

3. I am not an engineer.

___________________________________

4. Michael is at work.

___________________________________

5. My family is at the beach.

___________________________________

6. Rick is not very happy.

___________________________________

7. Are you sure?

___________________________________

8. Is Julia OK?

___________________________________

188
 9. Ralph is not in a good mood.

___________________________________

10. That is not Matthew.

___________________________________

11. Mr. Phelps is a great swimmer.

___________________________________

12. Steve Jobs isn’t a baseball player.

___________________________________

13. Lucia is a great student.

___________________________________

14. My high school is closed.

___________________________________

15. Kristel is a funny person.

___________________________________

5. Fill in the following blanks. Use “was”, “were” or “did”.

1. ______________ you do your homework?

2. They ______________ not very friendly.

3. Where ______________ you yesterday?

4. My family ______________ not meet on Chistmas.

5. Melissa ______________ at the beauty salon.

6. She ______________ my teacher 5 years ago.

7. Tim ______________ not come today.

8. I ______________ not angry with you.

9. I ______________ not know the answer.

189
 10. My brother ______________ not fix my car.

11. I ______________ in class yesterday.

12. Isaac ______________ not upset.

13. My mom ______________ at a party last night.

14. Denisse ______________ not go to the zoo.

15. ______________ Jenny call you last week?

16. Kim ______________ not forget my birthday.

17. ______________ he your boss at any time?

18. It ______________ a beautiful day.

19. How ______________ you feel?

20. It ______________ not rain today.

6 . Listening. Listen to these people talk about celebrations. Complete the chart based on
what you hear.

Celebration Special Food Special Place Family Members

Julia

Dave

Mario

Andrew

190
1.4 Prepositions of Time
Prepositions of time

Preposition Cases used Examples

in December
in 1975
Months, years, centuries
In and long periods
in the 19th century
in the summer
in the past

on Tuesday
on Wednesday
On Days and Dates
on December 9th, 1975
on March 17th

at night
at 3 o’clock
At Precise time
at lunch time
at noon

Practice
1 . Complete the following sentences using “in”, “on” or “at”.

1. Let’s meet ______________ 7 o’clock in the same restaurant.

2. My birthday is ______________ December.

3. Claudia always studies ______________ night.

4. I was born ______________ February 10th, 2000.

5. They never work ______________ Independence Day.

6. We will talk about it ______________ dinner time.

7. She is getting married ______________ Sunday ______________ noon.

8. We always receive presents ______________ December 25th.

9. School starts _____________ February and finishes _____________ November.

191
 10. ______________ the future Costa Rica will be a better country.

11. I am getting a new car ______________ September.

12. She is arriving ______________ 7 o’clock.

2. Classify the following time expressions. Check ( ) the correct preposition box.

in on at in on at
1. the winter 6. Weekdays
2. lunch time 7. 6 am
3. my birthday 8. 1990
4. Christmas day 9. the past
5. May 3rd 10. the summer

3 . Answer the following questions in a complete way. Use the prepositions “in”, “on” and “at”
in your answers. Use the example as a guide.

Question Answer
Ex. When do you have English class? I have English class on Fidays.
1. When is your birthday?
2. What time do you start school?
3. What time do you finish school?
4. When is Independence day?
5. When is Christmas day?
6. When do you get up late?
7. When do you go out?
8. When do you go to church?
9. What time do you have lunch?
10. What time do you have breakfast?

192
2 Holidays

2.1 Costa Rican Holidays and Celebrations

1. Santa Rosa Battle 2. Juan Santa Maria Day 3. Labor Day

4. Father’s Day 5. Guanacaste Annexation Day 6. Virgen of Los Angeles’ Day

7. Mother’s Day 8. Child’s Day 9. Independence Day

10. Culture Day 11. Christmas 12. New Year

13. Holy Week 14. Day of the Dead 15. Farmer’s Day

193
 Practice
1 . Match the celebration or holiday on the left column with its corresponding date on the
right column.

1. New Year's eve ( ) April 11th

2.Virgen de los Angeles’ Day ( ) May 15th
3. Child's day ( ) August 2nd
4. Day of the Dead ( ) December 25th
5. Father's day ( ) October 12th
6. Labor day ( ) September 15th
7. Holy week ( ) August 15th
8. Guanacaste Annexation Day ( ) Third Sunday in June
9. Juan Santamaria Day ( ) March-April
10. Christmas ( ) March 20th
11. Farmer's day ( ) July 25th
12. Independence Day ( ) September 9th
13. Santa Rosa Battle ( ) May 1st
14. Culture's day ( ) November 2nd
15. Mother's day ( ) December 31st

2 . Complete the following crossword puzzle by using holidays or celebrations in Costa Rica.
Read the statements carefully.

Down
1. We honor a whole province that decided to join Costa Rica.
4. We commemorate our freedom from Spain.
8. We dedicate this day to the little ones.
9. We celebrate the death and resurrection of Jesus Christ.
10. On this day we give tribute to those who work.
11. It's when we honor the woman who gave us life.

Across
2. We honor a hero from Alajuela this day.
3. We celebrate the birth of the Messiah.
5. We remember the day Christopher Columbus discovered America.
6. We honor the man who taught us how to ride a bike.

194
 7. We remember those who have passed away. People take flowers to the cemetery.
12. We celebrate those who work the land and give us produce.
13. We commemorate that Juana Pereira found the image of the mother of the Son
of God.
14. We remember when Costa Rica cast out a group of invaders led by William
Walker.

1
2

3 4

7 8

9 10
11

12

13

14

195
 3 . Consider the following holidays and special occasions in Costa Rica. How does your
family and your community celebrate them? Complete the chart. Please include special
food, special activities and special people you celebrate it with.

In My Family

Celebration Food Activities People to Invite Where we

celebrate
Independence
Day
Holy Week
Christmas

In My Community

Celebration Food Activities People to Invite Where we

celebrate
Independence
Day
Holy Week
Christmas

196
2.2 Grammar
Wh Questions Applied to Celebrations
Sample Question Sample Answer
1. When do you celebrate your birthday? I celebrate it on.....
2. What do you do on mother’s day? I usually .......
3. What do you celebrate in your community? We usually have......
4. Where do you celebrate New Year’s eve? We always go to......
5. What do you eat for Christmas dinner? We sometimes eat...
6. Who do you attend Independence day parades with? I attend them with .......
7. Which holiday do you like the most? I like ........ the most
8. Which holiday do you like the least? I like ....... the least
9. How do you spend Holy Week? I frequently ...........
10. Where do you go on La Virgen de los Angeles day? I always ................

Practice
1. Answer the questions with your own information.

1. When do you celebrate your birthday?

2. What do you do on mother’s day?
3. What do you celebrate in your
community?
4. Where do you celebrate New Year’s
eve?
5. What do you eat for Christmas dinner?
6. Who do you attend Independence day
parades with?
7. Which holiday do you like the most?
8. Which holiday do you like the least?
9. How do you spend Holy Week?
10. Where do you go on La Virgen de los
Angeles day?

197
 2.4 Vocabulary Related to Celebrations

1. Maundy Thursday 2. Good Friday 3. Palm Sunday 4. Carols

5. Secret Santa 6. Parades 7. Hymns 8. Lanterns

9. Pilgrimage 10. Pledge 11. Resolutions 12. Fireworks

13. Toast 14. Manger 15. Mass 16. Silent Night

17. Flowers 18. Ornaments 19. Torch 20. School Assembly

198
Practice
1. Write down the corresponding celebration beside each vocabulary item.

1. Maundy Thursday

2. Lanterns

3. Toast

4. Carols

5. Secret Santa

6. Parades

7. Hymns

8. Mass

9. Pilgrimage

10. Flowers

11. Ornaments

12. Fireworks

13. Torch

14. Good Friday

15. School Assembly

16. Manger

17. Pledge

18. Resolutions

19. Silent Night

20. Palm Sunday

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 2 . Match the vocabulary item on the left column with its corresponding definition on the right
column.

( ) This is the day Jesus arrives in Jerusalem.

1. Maundy Thursday ( ) A public celebration that involves a crowd moving

down a street.
2. Lanterns
( ) A religious meeting.
3. Toast ( ) These are taken to cemeteries on the Day of the
Dead.
4. Carols
( ) A long stick with material at one hand that burns
5. Secret Santa brightly.
6. Parades ( ) A meeting where students gather to celebrate a
special occasion.
7. Hymns
( ) Special kinds of decorations used for Christmas.
8. Mass
( ) A promise, in Costa Rica this is given to the Virgin.
9. Pilgrimage
( ) This is the day Jesus died.
10. Flowers ( ) One’s goals for the upcoming year.
11. Ornaments ( ) The place where Jesus was born.

12. Fireworks ( ) Catholic people walk to Cartago to see the Virgin.

13. Torch ( ) The night Jesus was born.

( ) When friends give secretly presents to
14. Good Friday
each other.
15. School Assembly ( ) These are torch-like artifacts used in the September
14th parades.
16. Manger
( ) These are sacred songs of every country.
17. Pledge
( ) This celebrates the last supper of Jesus with his
18. Resolutions disciples.
19. Silent Night ( ) Drink in honor of a person or something special.

20. Palm Sunday ( ) These are special songs sung for Christmas.
( ) Small devices that explode to make a display of
light and noise.

200
3 . Listen to these foreigners talk about holidays in Costa Rica. What celebration
are they talking about? What do they like about it? What do they dislike about it?
Complete the chart.

Foreigner Celebration Like? Dislike?

John
Charles
Jonathan

4 . Listen to these Costa Ricans talk about holidays in Costa Rica. What is their favorite
celebration? Why do they like it? How do they celebrate it? Complete the chart.

Costa
Ricans Favorite Celebration Reason Special Activities
Alejandra
Daniel
Yadira

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 How Other Communities
3 Celebrate Tico Culture
3.1 Reading
Holy Week in Paraíso, Cartago

Paraíso is located 8 km away from Cartago city, which is a 45 minute drive southeast
of the capital San José on the Inter-American Highway. It is
the second canton in the province of Cartago. It covers an area
of 411.91 square kilometers and it has a population of 59,259
inhabitants. Its name comes from the Paradise in the Bible. It is
located between two rivers, just as the Garden of Eden. A key
attraction of this town is that it plays home to the spectacular
Lankester Botanical Gardens. Managed by the University of
Costa Rica, this botanical garden has a varied landscape. It
houses various species of orchids and other kinds of plants. A
visit here between February and April is especially amazing, as
this period is flowering season and the garden is visited by hundreds of beautiful birds. Paraíso
is a small town with just a few shops like drugstores, bakeries, butcheries, and supermarkets.

If you want to see Costa Rican culture at its best, you must come to Paraíso to testify
how Holy Week is celebrated. First of all, you should know these people live the Catholic faith as
in no other place in the country. This celebration is absolutely sacred. Neighbors decorate inside
and outside. You will see a cross with a purple piece of fabric (to commemorate Jesus death)
and a cross with a white piece of fabric (to celebrate Jesus resurrection) at the porch of every
house. Locals are very candid and heart-warming. They greet each other all the time. It seems
everybody knows everybody here. They prepare a lot of different unique foods for this occasion,
namely: different kinds of pastry, special desserts and meals for lunch time. Gatherings here are
very common. People meet to talk about God, pray to Jesus and share the special dishes.

Paraíso holds Eastern activities that are seen nowhere else. For starters, there is a
special committee in charge of organizing all the festivities. One house with a big garden is
chosen. Several volunteers set up a portrait of the Gethsemane event: Jesus praying while the
disciples were sleeping. They use mannequins and different elements to resemble the night the
son of God was arrested. The most important Holy Week celebration is held on Good Friday:
the "Hermandad de Jesus Nazareno" (Brotherhood of Jesus the
Nazarene), a special group of men that dress up like roman
soldiers, and participate in season parades. They march on to
the sound of drums. They rehearse all year long. Every member
pays for their own costume. All the activity is broadcasted by
channel 13. This is a unique activity that makes you feel you are
back in the Bible times.

If you really want to experience Holy Week, come to Paraíso...

where the Roman Empire lives on.

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Practice
1 . Use the Merriam Webster free application to find out the English meaning of the following
key vocabulary from the reading.

Word
1. Inhabitants
2. Landscape
3. Testify
4. Faith
5. Mannequin
6. Resemble
7. Dress up
8. Soldier
9. Drum
10. Rehearse
11. Costume
12. Broadcast

2. Complete the following sentences based on the reading.

1 . Paraíso is located in ___________________________.

2 . Paraíso has an area of ______________________ square kilometers.
3 . Paraíso has a ________________ of ________________ inhabitants.
4 . The __________________________ is the key attraction of this town.
5 . The botanical garden houses several species of
________________________.
6 . The best time to visit Paraíso is between ________________ and
___________________.
7 . The garden is visited by hundreds of beautiful
________________________.
8 . Some shops found in this town are _____________, ______________,
____________ and ______________.

203
 3. Answer the following questions on Holy Week in Paraíso.

1. Where does the name “Paraíso” come

from?
2. What kind of decoration can you see in
the houses’ porches in this town?
3. What do they celebrate as no one else?
4. What are locals like?
5. What kind of food do they prepare for
this occasion?
6. What do they do during these meetings?
7. What does the special committee do?
8. How do they represent the Gethsemane
event?
9. What is the Brotherhood of Jesus the
Nazarene?
10. What happens on Good Friday?
11. What does Channel 13 do?
12. What do the Roman soldiers do?

4 . Read the following sentences. Write an "F" in the spaces provided if the statement is false
or a "T" if it is true.

1. Paraíso is located in San José

2. People in Paraíso don’t believe in Jesus
3. Holy Week is widely celebrated in this town
4. Several dishes are prepared and shared with the neighbors
5. There are no special celebrations in Paraíso
6. The Brotherhood of Jesus the Nazarene is composed of women
7. The Brotherhood of Jesus the Nazarene dresses up like disciples
8. The main celebration happens on Good Friday
9. The Gethsemane event is not remembered
10. Channel 13 broadcasts the main event

204
 How Costa Ricans
4 celebrate Tico Culture
4.1 Vocabulary: Costa Rica National Symbols
The Official Coat of Arms
As officially described, the coat of arms represents:
three volcanoes (one for each of the three
mountain ranges in the country) and an extensive
valley between two oceans (Pacific Ocean and
Caribbean Sea) with a merchant ship in each one
(representing the maritime history of the country).
In the horizon a rising sun. All are surrounded by
a golden frame with golden beads (coffee). Two
palms close the arms joined by a white ribbon
with the motto "República de Costa Rica" in gold.
An arch of seven stars represent the provinces
of the republic. The arms are crowned by a blue
ribbon with the motto "America Central". It was
designed in 1848.
The Official Flag
The blue color stands for the sky, opportunities,
idealism and perseverance. The white color
stands for peace, wisdom and happiness. The
red color stands for the blood spilt by martyrs in
defense of the country, as well as the warmth and
generosity of the people.

The Official National Flower

The Guaria Morada (Cattleya skinneri) is the
national flower of Costa Rica. It is a beautiful
purple orchid, one of many different types of
orchids that can be found throughout the country.
The plant, which blooms from January through
April, was designated as Costa Rica’s national
flower on June 15, 1939. According to local Costa
Rican tradition, the guaria morada brings fortune
and good luck. It evokes peace and love as well
as hope for the future. Its flower is said to have
only a mild fragrance because it is filled with
dreams to be fulfilled.

205
 The Official National Bird

The clay-colored thrush (Turdus grayi) is a

common Middle American bird of the thrush
family (Turdidae). It is the national bird of Costa
Rica, where it is well known as the yigüirro. Other
common names include clay-colored robin.

The National Theater

It is located in the central section of San José,
Costa Rica. Construction began in 1891, and it
opened to the public on October 21st, 1897 with a
performance of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe’s
Faust.
The National Theatre stood as a cultural asset
of the country during a time when coffee exports
were a source of its success. It presents high
quality performances, with artistic criteria being
very high.
The building is considered the finest historic building
in the capital, and it is known for its exquisite
interior which includes its lavish furnishings.

Practice
1 . Write down the corresponding Costa Rican National Symbol beside each description.

1. It was designated in 1939

2. The provinces are represented by seven stars
3. It is a cultural asset of the country
4. It has a mild fragrance
5. Middle American Bird
6. It has three colors
7. It has three volcanoes
8. The blue means idealism and perseverance

206
 9. It was opened to the public in 1897
10. It is also known as clay-colored robin
11. Costa Ricans say it brings fortune and good luck
12. It was designed in 1848

2. Complete the statements based on the previous information.

1 . The Cattleya Skinner is a beautiful ________________________.

2 . _____________________________ is considered the finest historic
bulding.
3 . __________________________________ was the first performer at
the National Theater.
4 . In the Costa Rican flag the blue stands for ____________________,
the red represents _____________________________ and the
white means ________________________________________.
5 . In the Costa Rican National Coat of Arms the arms are crowned by a
________________________________________.
6 . In the Costa Rican National Coat of Arms a ________________
______________________ represents the maritime history of the
country.
7 . The Cattleya Skinner blooms from ____________________ to
____________________.

4.2 Vocabulary: Costa Rica Typical Food

Costa Rica is a tropical country where many fruits are grown. It is typical
1. Fruit to have your meal with a drink like this. Some common fruits used as
Drinks beverages are: pineapple, papaya, banana, lemon. orange, grape fruit,
strawberry and blackberries.

This is a kind of soup that involves a special kind of beef with a unique
2. Olla selection of vegetables: carrots, potatoes, yucca, sweet potatoe, corn,
de Carne and chayote.

This is the most common kind of lunch in Costa Rica. It includes rice,
beans, a portion of chicken, pork, meat or fish, a salad( cabbage or
3. Casados
lettuce and tomatoes) or steamed vegetables (cauliflower, broccoli
and carrots).

207
 There is no Christmas in Costa Rica without "tamales". It consists of a
special kind of dough unique for this dish. One portion of this dough is
4. Tamales place on a couple of plantain leaves. Then, meat, chick or pork is added
and a little ration of rice. Everything is wrapped up in an improvised
wooden stove. The result is delicious.

This is a fried pastry stuffed with cheese, meat or chicken. It is very

5. Empanadas
common across the country, they can be defined as turnovers.

6. Arroz con Its a very common dessert specially eaten during Holy Week. It is made
leche of rice, condensed milk, raisings and pieces of cinnamon.

This is by far the most common Costa Rican dish. It is usually eaten at
7. Gallo pinto breakfast. However, people like it at any time of the day. It is a mixture
of rice, beans and spices. Scrambled or fried eggs acompany this dish.

This is a dish made for lunch or dinner. It consists of sliced vegetables

8. Picadillos (potatoes, chayote, green plantain, etc) with chicken or beef and several
spices.

9. Mondongo Its a kind of tripe soup with vegetables just like olla de carne. Many
soup people love it and others hate it.

This is a traditional bread from Limón. It is sweet, thick and it has many
10. Pan Bon chopped fruits and raisings. It is sold only in the Caribbean and it is not
cheap.

It's a type of soft, thin flatbread made from wheat flour. It also contains
11. Tortillas
powdered cheese and it is usually served with sour cream. It is delicious!!
con queso
It is eaten for the coffee break or breakfast!

This is very typical from Costa Rica also. It is a selection of chicken or

12 . Gallos meat with finely sliced onions and peppers. It can also be a fried piece
of cheese. Both types are served on a tortilla, usually the dish includes
a group of four.

This is usually served in Puntarenas, Guanacaste and Limon. However,

13. Ceviche it is easy to find it in the central market of the main cities. It consists of
chops of fish and spices marinated in lemon.

This is a dessert found in Puntarenas. It includes minced ice flavored with

14. Churchill
several syrups, ice cream, powder and condensed milk! It is exquisite!

It’s a unique dessert made in Costa Rica. It includes condensed milk,

15. Cajetas
coconut, and sometimes raisings. It comes in little squares like portions.

208
Practice
1 . Listen to these people describe their favorite Costa Rican dish. Where are they
from? Where in Costa Rica did they try them? Complete the chart.

Where in
Tourist Country Favorite CR Dish Costa Rica?
Joseph
Michael
Lisa
Kimberly

2 . Listen to the following Costa Rican typical dishes being described. Check ( )
the correct box.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Gallo Pinto
Tamal
Empanadas
Arroz con Leche
Pan Bon
Casado
Churchil
Gallos
Ceviche

209
 4.3 Phonology: Digraphs

Consonant Digraphs

Digraphs Examples

sh she, shy, shame, sheet, shut, dish, push.

ch church, which, cherry, chain, choose, check

th the, breathe, this, that, those, with, without, truth

wh which, what, when, why, whole, when

Practice
1 . Listen to the following words. Check ( ) the correct digraph they have.

sh ch th wh sh ch th wh
1. 6.
2. 7.
3. 8.
4. 9.
5. 10.

2 . Use the Merriam Webster Dictionary application to find 5 new words with each digraph.

sh ch th wh
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

210
4.4 Phonology: Grapheme
Grapheme
A Diphthong is a vowel in which a person has to move his or her
mouth into two different positions in order to pronounce it. It is a
vowel where two different vowel qualities can be heard.
Diphthongs Examples

ea dear, lead, neat, bead

ee deer, meet, peel, reel, need

ie tie, lie, pie, die, tried

4.5 Phonology: R-Controlled Vowels

R-Controlled Vowels
When a vowel is followed by an r, it makes a special sound. These
are called r-controlled vowels, or r-colored vowels.
Diphthongs Examples

ar, are car, guitar, far, mare, scare

ier, ur pier, turnip, spider, soldier

or, er author, orchard, manor

Practice
1 . Use the Merriam Webster Dictionary application to find 5 new words with these diphthongs.

ea/ee ar/are ier/ur or/er

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

211
 Review
1 . Elaborate the chart paying attention to the characteristics of each celebration listed.

Related Vocabulary Celebrated on Special Activities

1. Christmas
Year’s Eve
2. New
3. Independence
4. Culture
Day
5. Mother’s
Day
6. Holy
Week
7. Father’s
Day

212
2 . Correct the mistake in the following structures. Rewrite each one properly. Use the Simple
Past with verb to be.

1. She weren’t here yesterday.

2. I didn’t be in class yesterday.

3. Were he sick last week?

4. He no was my friend.

5. It not be a good day.

6. Michael were in New York last month.

7. Is Jonathan at the school last year?

8. Are these your books in college?

9. You wasn’t very nice to me last week.

10. My dog was in the car yesterday?

11. My friends with me were?

12. It not my best day was.

13. She weren’t nice with me.

14. They was at home last night?

3 . Complete the chart with three suitable expressions for each preposition.
Ex. On Tuesdays / In november / At night

On 1. 2. 3.
In 1. 2. 3.
At 1. 2. 3.

213
 4 . Write a few lines about your favorite Costa Rican holiday. Why do you like it? What do you
do? What do you eat? Who do you spend it with?

___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________.

5. Listen to the following words classify the diphthong they content. Check the correct box.

Word ea ee ie
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

214
1 . Do a profound research on the following Costa Rican holidays and celebrations. Ask your
family, friends and do an internet search. Complete the chart thoroughly.

Special Special Meaning in CR

Holiday Date
Activities Costumes Culture
Independence Day
Guanacaste Day
Juan Santamaría
Day
Virgen Day

215
 Special Special Meaning in CR
Holiday Date
Activities Costumes Culture
Culture Day
Labors Day
Oxcart Driver Day
San Isidro day

216
6. Getting from here
to there

• Places in the City

• Specific Uses of “going to”
• Prepositions of place
• Giving Directions
• Imperatives
• Moving around
• Numbers 1000-5000
• Telling the time
1 Going Shopping

1.1 Vocabulary: Places in the City

1. Appliance Store 2. Bakery 3. Bank 4. Beauty Salon

5. Book Store 6. Library 7. Cafeteria 8. Dry Cleaner’s

9. Hospital/Clinic 10. Clothing Store 11. Computer Store 12. Drugstore

13. Supermarket 14. Grocery Store 15. Hardware Store 16. Butchery

218
 17. Gas Station 18. Furniture Store 19. Flower Shop 20. Movie Theater

21. Department Store 22. Pet Shop 23. Gym 24. Shoe Store

25. Jewelry Store 26. High School 27. Post Office 28. Travel Agency

29. Art Store 30. Stadium 31. Museum 32. Art Gallery

219
 Practice
1. Complete the crossword puzzle using the previous vocabulary.
1

3 4

10

11

12

Across Down
1. It’s a place where you can exercise. 1. This is where you get fuel for your car.
7. This is where women get their hair done. 2. This is where you can find a doctor.
8. It’s a place where you can get money. 3. It’s a place where you can buy shirts and
9. This is where you can buy a microwave. pants.
10. It’s a place where you can buy tools. 4. This is where you can buy food to cook.
11. It’s a place where you can buy a laptop. 5. It’s a place where you buy chairs and a
12. It’s a place where you can get your sofa.
clothes cleaned. 6. This is where you can buy medicine.
7. This is where you can buy some bread.

220
2 . Find 20 words related to places in the city vocabulary. Then, write them in the spaces
provided.

K N A B P O H S T E P S P C G
E E L I B R A R Y H J E R F L
E R O T S T N E M T R A P E D
B O O V R N D V T O V I A R V
U T Q T B E A U T Y S A L O N
T S A T S E S S M J N G X T H
C E P I V E Y T E Y A J H S I
H R C E R R C R A S G E X G G
E A V L E E O N S U A N S U H
R W J C I T T T A T R T J R S
Y D O K S N A E E I O A I D C
T R E E J T I R F R L O N X H
G A O K I B N C E A B P Z T O
I H C O M P U T E R C A P X O
S X N E R O T S K O O B R A L

1. ______________________________ 11. ______________________________

2. ______________________________ 12. ______________________________

3. ______________________________ 13. ______________________________

4. ______________________________ 14. ______________________________

5. ______________________________ 15. ______________________________

6. ______________________________ 16. ______________________________

7. ______________________________ 17. ______________________________

8. ______________________________ 18. ______________________________

9. ______________________________ 19. ______________________________

10. _____________________________ 20. ______________________________

221
 3 . Match the descriptions on the left column with their corresponding definition on column
on the right. Some vocabulary items are not in the previous list.

1. This is where you can mail letters. ( ) hotel

2. This is where you can buy rings or earrings. ( ) travel agency

3. This is where you can develop pictures. ( ) Department store

4. This is where you can buy books. ( ) toy store

5. This is where you buy groceries. ( ) subway

6. This is where you stay when you’re away. ( ) vision center

7. This is where you have classes. ( ) museum

8. This is where you can buy CD’s. ( ) shoe store

9. It’s a place where you can wash your clothes. ( ) pet shop

10. It’s a place where you can arrange vacations. ( ) post office

11. It’s a place where you can see art exhibitions. ( ) jewerly store

12. It’s a place where you can buy action figures. ( ) school

13. It’s a place where you can have your eyes tested. ( ) photo shop

14. It’s where you find many stores in the same place. ( ) music store

15. It’s what some people use to get to work faster. ( ) dry cleaner´s

16. It’s where you can buy sneakers. ( ) book store

17. It’s where you can buy things for your dog. ( ) supermarket

4. Listen to these people talk. Where do they need to go?

First Place to Go Second Place to Go

1. Rachel
2. David
3. Jessica
4. Peter

222
5 . These people ask locals where to buy certain items. Listen to what they need
and the suggestions they get.

What do they need? Place suggested

1. Allison
2. Steve
3. Sofia
4. Paula

1.2 Grammar: Future Tense

Specific Uses of “Going to”

Plans Intention Prediction

The most important use of We use “going to” when We use “going to” to make a
"going to" is to make plans. we have the intention to prediction about the future.
These plans are made with do something before we Our prediction is based on
some time in advance. speak. evidence.

Examples Examples Examples

• She is going to read that • She is going to buy lunch • I forgot to call Melissa. She
book next month. today. is going to be very mad.

• She is going to save money • She is going to study in • He ate a lot of chocolates.
to travel to Scottland. the afternoon. He is going to have a
stomachache.
• I am going to buy a car • I am going to watch a
next year. documental tonight. • I did´t study yesterday. I
am going to fail the test.
• They are going to work in • They are going to finish the
the final project next week. homework this afternoon. • They bought new books
today. They are going to
• We are going to build our • We are going to have read all weekend.
house next year. dinner together.
• We created a new
• We are going to paint our • We are going to buy business. We are going to
house yellow. pizza. be very succesful.

223
 Practice
1. Complete the following sentences by using “going to” and a verb from the word bank.

1. send 4. drink 7. drive 10. go

2. buy 5. vision 8. eat 11. get married
3. plan 6. walk 9. read 12. make

1. I am really hungry. I _____________________________ something in that

cafeteria.
2. I don't need a bus. I _____________________________ to the city.
3. She needs to find some information in the library. She
_____________________________ many different books.
4. Alex _____________________________ some letters. He needs to go to the
post office.
5. Jenny needs some things from the supermaket. She
_____________________________ a cake for a friend's birthday.
6. The city is very far from here. I _____________________________ my car.
7. Mauricio needs to cash some checks. He _____________________________
the bank.
8. Louise wants to go to the travel agency. She __________________________
her next vacations.
9. Mario needs to go to the Jewelry store. He _____________________________
very soon.
10. Susan is very thirsty. She _____________________________ something
cold.
11. Robert is at the Appliance store. He _____________________________ a
new TV.
12. Victor needs new glasses. He _____________________________ the vision
center.

2. Provide a question for the following responses.

1. _______________________________________________________?

Yes, I am going to buy some medicine.

2. _______________________________________________________?

Yes, John is going to get new clothes.

224
 3. _______________________________________________________?

No, she is not going to drive her car to town.

4. _______________________________________________________?

Yes, we are going to travel to Japan.

5. _______________________________________________________?

Yes, they are going to buy some flowers.

6. _______________________________________________________?

No, Jonathan is not going to the hospital.

7. _______________________________________________________?

No, Alejandra is not going to buy new shoes.

8. _______________________________________________________?

Yes, I am going to get a new computer.

3 . Take a look at the following chart. Answer the questions about Daniel's schedule. Provide
complete answers using "going to" and the corresponding day and time.

Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday

Have Breakfast at Wake-up
7am Breakfast Start work work Go Running Start work
late

Dentist’s Go to the
9am Go Running Meeting Start work Clean office
appointment supermarket

See the Lunch with Attend a

12pm Have Lunch English class Visit clients
mechanic Mom lecture

2pm Take a nap Coffee break Visit Coffee with Coffee Present
grandma boss downtown weekly report
School Clean Family
4pm Do laundry Finish work Buy produce
meeting apartment meeting

Go to the Go to the Dinner with Go to the

6pm Have dinner Get home
movies gym sister gym
Have dinner
8pm Watch a Read Have dinner Check Watch a and movie at
movie e-mail movie home

225
 1. When is Daniel going to buy produce?

2. What is Daniel going to do on Wednesday at 4 pm?

3. When is Daniel going to go running?

4. What time is Daniel going to visit grandma?

5. What time is Daniel going to have dinner with his sister?

6. When is he going to read?

7. When is he going to wake up late?

8. When is he going to present his weekly report?

9. What time is he going to take a nap?

10. When is he going to clean his apartment?

11. What is he going to do on Friday at 8 pm?

12. When is he going to visit grandma?

4 . Listen to these people talk. What are they going to do? Check the correct boxes.

Go Buy Buy Get new

shopping Tools a ring shoes Workout Get Fuel Study
1. Rachel
2. David
3. Jessica
4. Peter
5. Cris

5 . Where is everybody going? Write complete sentences using "going to" and the
corresponding place.

1. Rachel
2. David
3. Jessica
4. Peter
5. Cris

226
2 Knowing where it is
2.1 Vocabulary: Prepositions of Place

227
 Practice
1 . Based on the picture, complete the sentences below. Don’t forget to use the correct
preposition.

1. The poster ___________________ the door.

2. The Eiffel Tower is ___________________ the vase and the Liberty Statue.

3. The clock is ___________________ the lamp.

4. The lamp is ___________________ the picture.

5. The chair is ___________________ of the desk.

6. The books are ___________________ the night table.

7. The table is ___________________ the chair.

8. The stereo is ___________________ the desk.

9. The bed is ___________________ the night table and the shelf.

10. The Karate suit is ___________________ the bed.

228
2. Match the corresponding preposition on the right with its corresponding picture on the left.

1. between

2. next to

3. in front of

4. under

5. into

6. over

7. behind

8. on

9. away

10. through

229
 3 . Find 15 words related to prepositions vocabulary. Then, write them in the spaces provided.

T O D T N T H B F T L X C I E
T H M S G A H O R J F N W A V
K S S R C I T R W P E M C Y O
B E L O W N R V O X K R H F B
J D J H O L B E T U O B Y K A
T U V R O W K V D S G G W L R
K H F F L V Z I S N N H B Z W
Y N B E T W E E N O U S E B A
I K C E G C U R M V I A H W K
K S J J L H W A P X K C I I R
Q E W A C S X E C K I Y N Y L
D N U O R A T A M O N D D R O
J Y C Y R H Q W P Q T L E U W
L H B M R R B F M L O N T K H
M T C N Y A N Q Q F K T C L Y

1. ______________________________ 9. ______________________________

2. ______________________________ 10. ______________________________

3. ______________________________ 11. ______________________________

4. ______________________________ 12. ______________________________

5. ______________________________ 13. ______________________________

6. ______________________________ 14. ______________________________

7. ______________________________ 15. ______________________________

8. ______________________________

230
4 . Consider the following map. Answer the following questions. Use prepositions of place.

1. Where is the supermarket? 6 . Where is the hospital?

________________________________ ________________________________
_____________________________. _____________________________.

2. Where is the church? 7 . Where is the public library?

________________________________ ________________________________
_____________________________. _____________________________.

3. Where is the restaurant? 8 . Where is the bookshop?

________________________________ ________________________________
_____________________________. _____________________________.

4. Where is the post office? 9 . Where is the school?

________________________________ ________________________________
_____________________________. _____________________________.

5. Where is the zoo? 10. Where is the sports shop?

_______________________________ _______________________________
______________________________. ______________________________.

231
 5 . Listen to these people describe the location of several places. Which place in
the previous map are they talking about?

Place 1 Place 2 Place 3

Ray
Luke
Denisse
Lucy

6 . Refer to the map and answer the questions using “there is” and “there are”. Use the
examples as a guide.

Singular: Is there a park in the city? Plural: Are there banks in the city?
Yes, there is. Yes, there are two.
No, there is not. No, there are not.

1. Is there an airport in the city?

_______________________________________________________
2. Are there people in the map?
_______________________________________________________
3. Is there an Italian restaurant in the city?
_______________________________________________________
4. Is there a train station in the city?
_______________________________________________________
5. Are there two shopping centers?
_______________________________________________________
6. Is there a swimming pool?
_______________________________________________________
7. Are there several bus stations?
_______________________________________________________
8. Are there pubs in the city?
_______________________________________________________
9. Is there a school in the map?
_______________________________________________________
10. Is there a beauty salon?
_______________________________________________________

232
5 . Consider the following map. Answer the following questions using “there is”, “there are”
and a preposition of place. Use the example as a guide.

Example: Is there a drugstore around here?

Yes, there is one across from the parking lot.

1. Is there a movie theater around here?
_______________________________________________________
2. Is there a swimming pool around here?
_______________________________________________________
3. Is there a music store here?
_______________________________________________________
4. Is there a post office in town?
_______________________________________________________
5. Is there a chinese restaurant around here?
_______________________________________________________
6. Is there a park in the city?
_______________________________________________________
7. Is there a public restroom?
_______________________________________________________
8. Is there a bank in town?
_______________________________________________________

233
3 Knowing how to get there
3.1 Vocabulary: Giving Directions

1. Turn Left 2. Turn Right 3. Get/Arrive 4. On the Corner of

5. Location 6. Downtown 7. Walk Straight 8. Drive Straight

9. Walk along 10. Drive along 11. Turn Around 12. Main Street

13. First Avenue 14. Second Avenue 15. Third Avenue 16. Fourth street

17. Road 18. Traffic Light 19. North/South 20. West/East

234
Practice
1. Complete the following crossword puzzle using the previous vocabulary.
1

4 5

7 8

9 10 11 12

13

14 15

16

17

18

19

Across
2. It´s located after the second avenue.
3. Similar to drive straight.
4. A place or position. Down
5. The opposite of East. 1. The place where two streets or roads meet.
7. The opposite or turning right. 3. To travel in your car without turning.
8. Another word for “street”. 6. To move your feet right ahead without turning.
9. The opposite of West. 10. The opposite of North.
13. It´s located after the third avenue. 11. An electric lamp that usually has a red, green, and
14. A synonym for “get to”. a yellow light and that is used to control traffic.
17. The center of a city or town. 12. It’s located after the first avenue.
18. The opposite of turning left. 15. Similar to walk straight.
19. Avenue number one 16. The opposite of South.

235
 3.2 Grammar
Imperatives
Imperatives are used to express commands, instructions or suggestions. They
never use a subject.

Affirmative Negative

Verb + Complement Don’t + verb + complement

• Turn right • Don’t turn right

• Walk along • Don’t walk along
• Drive straight • Don’t drive straight
• Get to the corner • Don’t get to the corner
• Turn left • Don’t turn left

Practice
1. Rewrite the following affirmative imperatives into negative.

1. Cross the street

2. Stop when you see a car

3. Walk along that street

4. Be careful all the time

5. Ask for directions

6. Listen to the instructions

7. Turn left on the next corner

8. Drive straight

9. Speak English

10. Drive carelessly

236
2 . Consider the following map. Then, read each conversation carefully. Where is every
place? Write the correct number in the white squares in the map.

1. A: Excuse me. Where’s the cinema?

B: The cinema? OK. Take the first street on the right. Go straight on.
Then take the third street on the left. It’s on the right.
A: Thanks a lot.

2. A: Excuse me. How can I get to the post office?

B: Go straight ahead. Take the second street on the right. Then take the
first street on the left and go straight on. It’s on the left, opposite to the park.
A: Thank you.
B: You’re welcome.

3. A: Excuse me. Where’s the library, please?

B: Go straight on, cross the park and turn left. Then take the first street
on the right. It’s on the right.
A: Thank you.

4. A: Excuse me. How can I get to the swimming pool?

B: Go straight ahead. Take the first street on the left. Then take the first street
on the right after the park. Go straight on and cross the road. It’s on the left,
opposite to the library.
A: Thank you.
B: You’re welcome.

5. A: Excuse me. Where‘s the bank, please?

B: Go straight on and take the second street on the right. Then go straight on.
It’s on your left, opposite to the petrol station.
A: Thank you very much.

237
 3. Look at the map and complete every direction. Use the previous conversations as a guide.

1. A: Excuse me. How can I get to the school?

B: ________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

2. A: Excuse me. Where’s the bus station?

B: ________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

3. A: Excuse me. Where’s the gas station, please?

B: ________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

4. Consider the following map. Answer each question as correct as possible. Follow the
given example.

Korean Public You´re

Bank Restaurant Library Park here

Palm street
Queen Avenue

Supermarket Parking lot Hospital Club Church

Police
School Theater Newsagent Shopping Center
Station

Lane street
Public Toilets

Town
Music Shop

Restaurant
Acuarium

Pub
Museum

Chemist

Hall
Italian
Hotel

Vet

Post
Office

238
Example: Could you please tell me how to get to an italian restaurant?

Walk along Palm Street. Then, turn left on Queen Avenue. Turn left on
Lane Street. The Italian Restaurant is on the right and in front of the
shopping center.

1. Would you tell me how to get to the Korean Restaurant?

___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________.

2. Could you tell me how to get to the Shopping Center?

___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________.

3. Could you tell me how to get to the theater?

___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________.

4. Would you tell me how to get to the Police Station?

___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________.

5. Could you tell me how to get to the Post Office?

___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________.

239
 6. Would you tell me how to get to the Hotel?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________.

7. Could you tell me how to get to the Museum?

___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________.

8. Would you tell me how to get to the Park?

___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________.

9. Would you tell me how to get to the Aquarium?

___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________.

10. Could you tell me how to get to the Supermarket?

___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________.

240
5 . Listening. Consider the following map. Listen to these people give directions to
three different places. What places are they talking about? Complete the chart.

Place 1 Place 2 Place 3

Laura

Monica

Jose

241
4 Knowing what I need
and when
4.1 Vocabulary: Moving Around

1. Commute 2. Bus stop 3. Taxi stand 4. Train station

5. Bus/train schedule 6. Crowded 7. Bus/train/taxi fare 8. Service complaint

9. Delayed service 10. Traffic jam 11. Cash 12. Ticket

13. Toll 14. Window Seat 15. Aisle Seat 16. Stand in line

17. Stop Sign 18. Yield Sign 19. Change 20. Route Sign

242
Practice
1. Choose the option that best completes each statement. Use the previous vocabulary.

1. This is when your train or bus is late:

A. Stop sign B. Taxi Stand C. Delayed Service

2. This is when there are a lot of cars in the same street or area:
A. Traffic Jam B. Window seat C. Change

3. It's the money you pay to use public transportation:

A. Bus/train fare B. Toll C. Change

4. It's a tax or fee paid to use a highway:

A. Cash B. Toll C. Fare

5. It's a word used for money in bills or coins:

A. Stop sign B. Ticket C. Cash

6. This is a piece of paper you get as a proof you paid a fare:

A. Aisle Seat B. Ticket C. Route Sign

7. To travel regularly between where you live and where you work:
A. Fare B. Crowded C. Commute

8. Full of people or with very little space:

A. Traffic Jam B. Crowded C. Toll

9. This is a word or words that indicates where a bus or train is going:

A. Route Sign B. Commute C. Change

10. Money in coins:

A. Traffic Jam B. Change C. Ticket

243
 11. This is the terminal where a specific kind of transport arrives at and leaves from:
A. Traffic Jam B. Toll C. Train Station

12. This means a driver must let another driver that is approaching to proceed:
A. Yield Sign B. Commute C. Ticket

13. It's a seat located the closest to the looking glass:

A. Aisle Seat B. Window seat C. Yield Sign

14. It's a seat located the farthest from the looking glass:
A. Aisle Seat B. Window seat C. Yield Sign

1 5 . This is when a customer expresses some sort of disatisfaction with a service

provided:
A. Service Complaint B. Stop Sign C. Bus Station

16. The times different public transportation services will be working:

A. Fair B. Schedule C. Tolls

17. This is when several people wait standing for a service:

A. Change B. Stand in line C. Stop sign

18. Red symbol in the street that indicates you have to cease to move on:
A. Traffic Jam B. Window seat C. Stop Sign

19. This is where a public transport ceases to move to pick up passangers:

A. Bus Stop B. Schedule C. Fare

20. This is where you take a faster but more expensive transport to :
A. Train Station B. Taxi terminal C. Crowded

244
4.2 Vocabulary Numbers 1000 - 5000
1000 One thousand 1029 One thousand twenty-nine
1001 One thousand one 1030 One thousand thirty
1002 One thousand two 1040 One thousand fourty
1003 One thousand three 1050 One thousand fifty
1004 One thousand four 1060 One thousand sixty
1005 One thousand five 1070 One thousand seventy
1006 One thousand six 1080 One thousand eighty
1007 One thousand seven 1090 One thousand ninety
1008 One thousand eight 1100 One thousand one hundred
1009 One thousand nine 2000 Two thousand
1010 One thousand ten 3000 Three thousand
1011 One thousand eleven 4000 Four thousand
1012 One thousand twelve 5000 Five thousand
1013 One thousand thirteen 1145 One thousand one hundred fourty-five
1014 One thousand fourteen 1256 One thousand two hundred fifty-six
1015 One thousand fifteen 1367 One thousand three hundred sixty-seven
1016 One thousand sixteen 1496 One thousand four hundred ninety-six
1017 One thousand seventeen 2500 Two thousand five hundred
1018 One thousand eighteen 2501 Two thousand five hundred one
1019 One thousand nineteen 2671 Two thousand six hundred seventy-one
1020 One thousand twenty 2732 Two thousand seven hundred thirty-two
1021 One thousand twenty-one 2825 Two thousand eight hundred twenty-five
1022 One thousand twenty-two 2999 Two thousand nine hundred ninety-nine
1023 One thousand twenty-three 3011 Three thousand eleven
1024 One thousand twenty-four 3099 Three thousand ninety-nine
1025 One thousand twenty-five 3125 Three thousand one hundred twenty-five
1026 One thousand twenty-six 4221 Four thousand two hundred twenty-one
1027 One thousand twenty-seven 4389 Four thousand three hundred eighty-nine
1028 One thousand twenty-eight 4856 Four thousand eight hundred fifty-six

245
 Numbers can be expressed in informal ways. Numbers of four digits can
be expressed in pairs.
Examples: 1234: twelve-thirty four 1300: thirteen hundred
3400 thirty-four-hundred 9567 ninety-five sixty-seven
1500 fiteen-hundred 8423 eighty-four twenty-three
6700 sixty -seven-hundred 1234 twelve thirty-four
9900 ninety-nine-hundred 2390 twenty-three ninety
2200 twenty-two-hundred 4812 fourty-eight twelve

Practice
1. Listen to the following numbers. Write them in the spaces provided.

a. h.
b. i.
c. j.
d. k.
e. l.
f. m.
g. n.

2. Write the following numbers in two ways. One formal and one informal.

a. 9145
b. 4790
c. 5123
d. 8462
e. 4791
f . 1167
g. 2900
h. 1200
i . 4789
j . 5611
k. 2080
l . 9999
m. 7576

246
3. Write the following numbers in letters. Use the formal way.

a. 2510
b. 3634
c. 2190
d. 4781
e. 5610
f . 3729
g. 4109
h. 5001
i . 1989
j . 1975
k. 4311
l . 2245
m. 2934
n. 3500
o. 4822
p. 2265
q. 1010
r. 8090
s. 2535
t. 1900
u. 7456
v. 3120
w . 2190
x. 7145
y. 9060
z . 6090

247
 4.3 Vocabulary: Telling the Time

What time is it?

It's seven o'clock It’s seven thirty-eight

7:00 7:38
It’s twenty-two to eight

It's seven oh five It’s seven-forty

7:05 7:40
It's five after seven It’s twenty to eight

It's seven ten It’s seven forty-five

7:10 7:45
It's ten after seven It’s a quarter to eight

It's seven fifteen It’s seven fifty

7:15 7:50
It's a quarter after seven It’s ten to eight

It's seven twenty It’s seven fifty-five

7:20 7:55
It's twenty after seven It’s five to eight

7:25 It's seven twenty-five 8:00

It's thirty-five to eight It’s eight o’clock

It's seven and a half

7:30 12:00 am It’s midnight
It's seven thirty

7:35 It's seven thirty five 12:00 pm It’s noon

It's twenty-five to eight

248
Practice
1. Write the following times in two different ways if possible.

a. 3:25

b. 4:08

c. 5:00

d. 11:10

e. 11:45

f . 1:59

g. 2:01

h. 6:15

i . 12:00

j . 9:51

k. 8:11

l . 4:41

m. 12:23

n. 10:25

o. 11:59

p. 5:15

q. 2:22

r . 6:54

s. 3:30

t . 7:01

u. 9:10

v. 10:00

w . 6:32

249
 2. Write the following times in numbers.

1. It's one oh five 10. It’s twenty-two to two

2. It's ten after eleven 11. It’s four-forty
3. It's a quarter after eight 12. It’s twenty to nine
4. It's twenty after three 13. It’s seven forty-five
5. It's five twenty-five 14. It’s a quarter to six
6. It's thirty-five to nine 15. It’s seven fifty
7. It's six and a half 16. It’s ten to eleven
8. It's twenty-five to ten 17. It’s eight fifty-five
9. It’s two thirty-eight 18. It’s one o’clock

3 . Listen to the following dictation. Write down the time you will hear in each case.
Write each time in numbers and in letters.

a.

b.

c.

d.

e.

f.

g.

h.

i.

j.

k.

l.

m.

n.

o.

250
4 . Speaking: Get together with a classmate. Ask and answer the following questions. Use
specific times. Use the example as a guide.

What time do you have lunch? I have lunch at 11:20

Question My Answer My classmate’s

1. What time do you get up?

2. What time do you do homework?

3. What time do you have English class?

4. What time do you go to the dentist?

5. What time do you arrive at school?

6. What time do you leave school?

7. What time do you have breakfast?

8. What time do you get up on Saturday?

9. What time do you watch your favorite TV show?

10. What time do you help your mother?

11. What time do you have dinner?

12. What time do you have the morning break?

13. What time do you go to bed?

14. What time do you have lunch?

15. What time do you study after class?

16. What time do you take a shower in the morning?

17. What time do you have a snack?

251
 Review
1 . Where can you do these things? Write the corresponding term in the space provided. Use
“Places in the City” vocabulary.

1. Where can you buy stomach pills?

2. Where can you spend the night and rest?

3. Where can you take a taxi?

4. Where can you get your hair done?

5. Where can you find a doctor?

6. Where can you buy a dress?

7. Where can you buy pastry?

8. Where can you buy a book?

9. Where can you borrow a book?

10. Where can you watch a movie?

11. Where can you workout?

12. Where can you buy a mircrowave oven?

13. Where can you get fuel for your car?

14. Where can you get stamps?

15. Where can you find tools?

16. Where can you get some money?

17. Where can you buy a cup of coffee?

18. Where can you wash your clothes?

19. Where can you fix your computer?

20. Where can you buy food, cans and soap?

21. Where do you buy chicken and meat?

22. Where can you buy a ring?

23. Where do you study?

24. Where can you find a pair of high heels?

252
2 . Write different sentences practicing the different uses of “going to”. Complete each box.

Making Plans
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Intentions
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Prediction
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

253
 6 . Write sentences describing every picture. Use Prepositions of Place.

A C D
B

F G H

J K

a.

b.

c.

d.

e.

f.

g.

h.

i.

j.

k.

254
1 . Take a look at the following map? What places are these directions to? Write the
corresponding term in the spaces provided.

1. It is on Second Street. It is in front of the hospital

2. It is on Main Street. It is between the post office and the movie theater
3. It is on Second Street. It is behind the school
4. It is on First Avenue. It is across from the restaurant
5. It is on Main Street. It is next to the bank
6. It is on Second Street. It is across from the restaurant
7. It is on Central Avenue. It is across from the post office
8. It is on Main Street. It is next to the police station
9. It is on Main Street. It is across from the post office
10. It is on Main Street. It is in front of the store

255
 1 . Use the following map to provide the directions for the given places. Write the question
in each case. You are at the park. Follow the example.

You´re
here

Place Question Location

Could you tell me how to get Certainly. Walk along Maple Street. Turn right on Grand
Ex. Pet Shop to the Pet Shop? Avenue. It is in front of the hospital.
1. Newstand

2. Flowershop

3. Bakery

4. Department store

5. Museum

6. Hardware store

7. Airport

8. Fire station

9. Drugstore

10. Courthouse

256
257
 Exercise 5 / Page 23

1. A: Hello Mary. My name is Matthew. 2. A: Good morning Mr. Smith.

B: Hi, Matthew It’s nice to B: Good morning Miss Thomas.

meet you.
How are you?
A: It’s nice to meet you too.
A: I am just fine. Thank you.

3. A: It’s getting late Mary. I have to go. 4. A: How are you doing Bill?

B: Alright, have a good night. B: Hey Jim! I am doing great. It’s good
to see you. How are you?
A: Thank you for the evening.
Good night. A: I can’t complain. I am glad to see
you, too.

Exercise 1 / Page 38 Exercise 8 / Page 53

1. a-n-g-r-y
1. How are you doing?
2. h-a-p-p-y
3. s-a-d 2. What’s your father’s name?

4. u-p-s-e-t 3. What’s your mother’s name?

5. w-o-r-r-i-e-d
4. What does your teacher look like?
6. s-i-c-k
7. p-r-o-u-d 5. What does your grandmother look like?

8. h-o-t
9. c-o-l-d
10. t-i-r-e-d

258
Exercise 2 / Page 64
1 . Cristina: My name is Cristina and I will tell you about my daily routine. I always get up
early. I get up about 4 am every day. I usually exercise three or four times a week. I never
take a bus to work. I drive my own car. I seldom watch TV because I do not have much
time. Sometimes I have dinner. Other times I just go to bed as soon as I get home.

2 . Raquel: Hello there. I'm Raquel and I will tell you about my every day life. I never get
up early. I usually get up around 9. I rarely exercise. I don't like to sweat. I start school
late in the afternoon. I always take the bus. I often watch TV at night. I always have dinner
around 9 pm.

3 . Raúl: Good morning. My name is Raúl and I will describe my daily activities. I usually
get up early, around 6 am. After that, I often exercise. I like to go running for about an
hour. I seldom take the bus to work. I live close to my work so I can walk. I often watch
TV at night. I like to watch a movie to relax myself. I rarely have dinner since I am never
hungry at night.

4 . Mario: Hi everybody. My name is Mario. I will describe a day in my life. I seldom get up
late. I have my own business. I decide when to start work. I am lazy so I never exercise. I
never take a bus. I work in my own house. I never watch TV because I prefer to listen to
music. I always have a dinner around 7 pm.

Exercise 3 / Page 68
1 . Lucía: Hello. I am Lucía and I am a student. I get up late. At 9 am I have breakfast and
talk to my mother. From 10 am to 2 pm I work part time in a restaurant. At 3 pm I have a
class at the university. At 7 o'clock I watch my favorite TV program.

2 . Glenda: Good morning everybody. I'm Glenda and I will tell you about my daily routine on
Wednesdays. I usually have a class at 9 am at the university. Later at 12 pm, I pick up my
nephew at his Kinder garden. Then, around 3 pm I read school material. Finally at night
around 7 I have dinner with my family.

3 . Esteban: Hello I am Esteban and I am a lawyer. I have my office in my house. I get up

around 7 am. At 9 am I talk to clients. I usually have lunch and watch the news at 12
pm. I have a coffee break at 3 pm. Around 7 pm I like to watch cartoons with my son
Christopher.

4 . Daniel: My name is Daniel and I work for the government. I always get up at 4 am. I take
a bus to work in San Jose. At 9 am I have a meeting with my boss. Later, around 12 pm,
I listen to music during lunch. Then, in the afternoon around 3 pm, I have an ice cream.
When I get home, I watch sports on TV around 7pm.

259
 Exercise 1 / Page 76

Carlos: Let me tell you about my favorite foods. There are many healthy things I eat every
day. I love fruits like pineapple and strawberries. I also enjoy eating vegetables like broccoli
and carrots. However, I eat other things that are not so good. I like pizza, hamburgers, fries
and I eat a lot of candy.

Alejandra: Hello there. I want to talk about the food I prefer to eat. I try to eat good foods for
my body but sometimes I don't do so. I like to drink a lot of water. I enjoy fruits like apples and
grapes. On the other hand, sometimes I eat unhealthy things like fried chicken and pop corn.

Exercise 4 / Page 82

A: Hey Lisa! How are you? Tell me, what do you like to do in your free time?

B: Hey Linda. I am just fine. Well, I love horror films, so I enjoy going to
Lisa the movies very much. Also, I am a music fan that's why I like rock
concerts very much. Finally, I would say I like going to restaurants to
try different dishes.

A: Hey David, let's do something fun. What do you do in your spare time?

David B: Hey Mark. I like to go the beach a lot. I love the sun and the ocean. I also
visit my grandmother as often as I can. She is very sweet and I love her
deeply. Finally, I like to attend soccer games.

My name is Sarah and I like to do different things when I am not working

or studying. First of all, I love exercise because It relaxes me. I like to go
Sarah running very early about four times a week. I also like to go shopping to the
malls with my boyfriend. Finally, I watch a new film every weekend. So I go
the movies a lot.

Exercise 2 / Page 84
1 . Hello! I’m Sarah, I’m an artist. I love to paint and draw on my free time.
2 . Hi There! I’m Jake. My hobbies are to read and to write as much as I can.
3 . Dood Morning to all! My name is Linda. What I like to do on my free time is to play
the harp.
4 . What’s up guys! I’m Taylor and I love to listen to music when I have free time.
5 . Hello group! My name is Cindy. My hobby is to sleep every time I can.

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Exercise 1 / Exercise 9 / Exercise 2 / Page 107
Page 90 Page 94
1. Two - do 1. 12 1. Lake 9. Raccon
2. Sea - she 2. 25 2. Tick 10. Forest
3. Desk - disk 3. 67
3. Valley 11. Volcanoes
4. Fast - fist 4. 95
4. Squirrel 12. Dragonfly
5. Take - fake 5. 13
6. 19 5. Sloth 13. Tiger
6. Bad - bed
7. Buy - pie 7. 25 6. Moth 14. Flea
8. Came - game 8. 81 7. Opossum 15. Waterfalls
9. Free - Three 9. 79 8. Worm
10. Run - fun 10. 88

Exercise 3 / Page 129

Paul: It is located in Europe. It is a big lake in Scotland. It is famous because of a legend.
Locals believe a big dinosaur inhabits the waters of this mysterious lake. So far no proof has
been found of such monster.
Mary: This is a gigantic structure found in the most romantic city of the world. It is 324
meters tall. It has the name of its designer. It has the highest observation deck in Europe. It
was constructed in 1889.
Christine: These are a series of monuments found in African country. They are very old.
130 have been discovered so far. They were constructed as tombs for their pharaohs. The
most famous is the Great Pyramid of Giza.
Jack: This is a very popular monument in South Dakota. It depicts the heads of several
United States presidents. It was constructed in 1925. It is a very important symbol of this
country and it is visited by many tourists every year.

Exercise 4 / Page 135

Jessica: My vacation days are getting close. I am going to start to plan. This year I want to
go to Jerusalem. I would like to know the Holy Land. I am going to travel with my husband
Kenneth. We are going to stay there two weeks. We are going to see the iconic places
described in the Bible.
Mario: It is time to think about my next vacation. This year I am going to Brazil. I am going
to go with my son Jeffrey. We are going to be there an entire week. We are going to see Rio
de Janeiro and the Famous Christ the Redeemer.
Luisa: My vacation is next January and I am going to go to Germany with my wife. Hopefully,
we are going to stay there three weeks in different cities. We are going to see the big cities,
the soccer stadiums and the famous castles.

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 Kimberly: I am going on vacation the next month. I am planning to go with my sister Helen.
We are going to China. It is our dream to get to know such amazing country. We are going
to see the Great Wall, the ancient edifications and all the Chinese historical places. We are
going to be there one month.

Exercise 5 / Page 135

Mary: Hey John. I am planning my next vacation.

John: Wow! Where are you planning to go?

Mary: I am going to travel to Germany.

John: Cool! How long are you going to stay there?

Mary: I am going to be there one week.

John: And who are you going to travel with?

Mary: I am going to go with my husband and my mother.

John: Awesome! They say Europe is amazing! I hope you have a great time!

Mary: Thank you John! I promise I am going to get you a souvenir.

Exercise 2 / Page 146

Jonathan: I need to go to the supermarket. First of all we are out of chicken. I am going to
buy wings, chicken breasts and drumsticks. We also need some meat. I am going to get
liver, bacon and tripe. Oh my God! We have no seafood either. I will buy tuna, salmon and
lobster.

Michael: Before getting back I will stop by the supermarket. I am going to get some seafood.
This time I will get trout, clams and crab. Then, I will go to the poultry section and I am going
to look for duck, turkey and some chicken legs. Finally, I am going to the meat section and I
will try to find pork, beef and ham.

Eddie: Oh gosh! I almost forgot I had to go to the supermarket. Let’s find the shopping list.
Here it is. All right, first I need some meat; my wife wants lamb, some sausages and a big
T-bone. Then, what else? Oh yes...poultry. She needs thighs, a whole chicken and some
drumsticks. Finally, seafood. This time I am going to get some shrimps, salmon and several
cans of sardine.

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Exercise 3 / Page 147
Mary: I like to eat a lot. I love poultry, especially chicken wings. I could eat them every day.
What I dislike? Well, I must accept I hate tuna.

John: Well, I love turkey. I eat every time I can, not on especial occasions. On the other
hand, I can’t tolerate sardines. I just simply cannot eat them.

James: It is very easy to talk about my favorite kinds of food. I love lobster. I know it’s very
fancy and expensive but it is simply delicious. I cannot eat chicken. I do not like its taste.
Chicken wings are the worst kind.

Exercise 2 / Page 154

Jonathan: All right. It’s time to buy some groceries. This is a big supermarket, so I guess I
will find all I need. Let’s see, first I need liquid soap, trash bags and napkins. Now, we also
need some crackers, cookies and some pastry. Next, I need now some apples, grapes and
tomatoes. Finally, diary products: milk, yogurt and ice cream.

Michael: I will stop very quickly by the supermarket. Here is my list. I need toilet paper, dish
soap and bleach. From this other section I will get bread, hamburger rolls and a big cake.
All right, now let’s get some produce. This time I will get carrots, lettuce and some bananas.
And just before I go I need butter, yogurt and orange juice.

Eddie: I don’t like to go to the supermarket but there is no other way. I will try to do it quickly.
This is what I need urgently. First, some tissues, aluminum foil and hand soap. Then, we
are out of diet cookies, sandwich bread and some muffins. Now, we need a watermelon,
avocados, broccoli and cabbage. Finally, let’s get sour cream, milk and cream cheese.

Exercise 1 / Page 164

Isaac: It is time to buy new clothes. First of all I will get some long sleeve shirts for work. I
think a blue one. Then, I need some ties. I also need a new black belt. I think that’s it.

Allison: All right! This is I’m taking: all this make-up set, this beautiful bracelet and these
adorable earrings. How much would that be?

George: All right, I need some new sport clothing. First of all I must change my running
shoes. Oh and I also need a new t-shirt. Yes! I think that’s it!

Laura: I will stop by that department store and I will get those gorgeous high-heels I saw last
week. I will probably get some short sleeve shirts for my husband and my son.

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 Exercise 2 / Page 173
A: Good morning ma’am, how may I help you?
B: Good morning. I bought this blouse yesterday but it has this stain on the
Jenny back. You see?
A: Oh yes, I see it. I am very sorry for the inconvenience. Let me get you a
new one.

A: Good morning ma’am! Welcome to our Department Store!!

B: I bought this shirt for my husband two days ago. However, it has a hole on
Linda the sleeve.
A: Let me check. You are right. I will see if we have another one.

A: Good morning sir. How may I help you?

B: Hello. Yes. Thank you. I would like to exchange this jacket. The zipper
Raul
broke the first time I wore it.
A: I am sorry sir but our warranty does not cover zippers.

A: Good evening. May I help?

Arianna B: Good evening. I just bought these pants but they are too loose.
A: I see what your problem is. Unfortunately, those were the last ones we
had. They were on sale.

Exercise 3 / Page 174

A: Good morning ma’am. How may I help you?

B: Yes, I am looking for a new dress.
A: Sure ma’am. What size are you looking for?
Jenny B: Size small please.
A: Here you go.
B: Its beautiful. How much is it?
A: $400
B: Gosh! It’s too expensive.

A: Good afternoon. May I help you?

B: Thank you. I am looking for a red blazer.
A: What size do you need?
B: A large please.
Linda
A: Here. Try it on.
B: It fits perfectly. How is it?
A: It’s $150
B: Great! I’ll take it.

264
 A: Good morning sir. May I help you?
B: I am looking for blue sweater please.
A: What size sir?
Raul B: Medium please.
A: Here you go. You can try it on over there.
B: How much is it?
A: It’s $85.
B: I don’t like it very much. Thanks anyway.

A: Good evening ma’am. May I help you?

B: Yes. Thank you. I am looking for a white skirt.
A: Sure. What size do you need?
Arianna B. I need a small please.
A: Here you go.
B: I will try it on.....How much is it?
A: It’s $125.
B. It fits perfectly. I will take it.

Exercise 1 / Page 176

1. clocks 7. touches
2. runs 8. axes
3. mistakes 9. naps
4. crashes 10. quizzes
5. wings 11. brides
6. pills 12. likes

Exercise 2 / Page 176

1. thanked 7. hated
2. listened 8. pulled
3. walked 9. enjoyed
4. trusted 10. added
5. seated 11. begged
6. brushed 12. kissed

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 Exercise 6 / Page 190
Julia: My favorite celebration is Independence Day. We always have cod drinks and a Costa
Rican typical lunch. We go to the parades in the streets. We celebrate it with our kids and
even our grandparents go.

Dave: My favorite Costa Rican celebration is Virgen de los Angeles Day. We always eat
sweet pastry from Cartago. We walk from San Jose to the Cartago’s main church. I usually
go with my wife.

Mario: I really enjoy Christmas Day. We have a Costa Rican dish called tamales. We sing
carols and open presents. I celebrate it with my wife and children. We usually stay home.

Andrew: I love New Year’s. We eat pork and some salad. We usually celebrate it at my
parents’ house. All the family gets together this day.

Exercise 3 / Page 201

John: This celebration takes place in a city called Alajuela. People celebrate a national hero
called Juan Santa María. I like to see the different parades. I don’t like so many people in
the same place. Sometimes you can’t even walk.

Charles: This celebration takes place in a far province from San Jose. It is very hot. They
celebrate the annexation to the country. I like the different typical foods they prepare. I don’t
like the weather.

Jonathan: This celebration takes place in August! People give presents to their mothers. I
like the fact that families get together. I don’t like the TV commercials!! That’s the only thing
they talk about!

Exercise 4 / Page 201

Alejandra: My favorite celebration takes place in June. We celebrate father’s day. I love it
because my father is the person I love the most. The family gets together and gives special
presents to our father.

Daniel: My favorite celebration is Saint Valentine. It takes place on February 14th. I love it
because everybody celebrates romance and friendship. I buy something nice for my wife
and take her out to dinner.

Yadira: I love it when we celebrate the death and resurrection of Jesus Christ. This takes
place in March or April. I love it because it is a sacred and traditional celebration. There are
many parades in the streets and special movies on TV.

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Exercise 1 / Page 209
Joseph: Hello. My name is Joseph. I am from Slovakia. My favorite Costa Rican dish is
something they prepare for Christmas. It is a kind of dough with meat, vegetables and pork.
They serve it on a plantain leaf. I ate it in a place called Coronado.

Michael: Hello. I’m Michael. I am from Wisconsin, USA. My favorite Costa Rican dish is a
dessert they prepare for holy week. It includes rice, cinnamon and condensed milk. I tried in
a place called Palmares.

Lisa: Hi. I’m Lisa and I am from Canada. My favorite Costa Rican dessert is Churchill. It
contains ice, ice cream, condensed milk and some kind of syrup. It’s awesome. I ate it in a
coast town called Puntarenas.

Kimberly: Hello. I am Kimberly and I am from Sweden. My favorite Costa Rican dish is a
kind of soup. It contains vegetables like potato, yucca, sweet potato and corn. It also has
beef. I ate it in Heredia.

Exercise 2 / Page 209

1: It is a special kind of bread made in Limon. It is sweet and has little pieces of fruit.

2: It is a mixture of rice and beans. It also has some spices. It is eaten with eggs and usually
for breakfast.

3: This is a Costa Rican typical lunch. It contains rice, beans, some kind of meat and salad.

4: These are sliced vegetables with meat or chicken served on a tortilla. They make them
with cheese too. They are very typical from Costa Rica.

5: This is usually made near the coast. It includes chops of fish marinated in lemon and
some other spices.

6: A dessert made of rice, condensed milk, cinnamon and raisins.

7: This is a Christmas dish. It is made of dough, vegetables and some kind of meat. The
mixture is wrapped up in a plantain leaf.

8: This is a sweet treat sold in Puntarenas. It has ice cream, condensed milk and some
syrup. It is very cold.

9: These can be called turnovers in English. They are fried and contain cheese, meat or
chicken.

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 Exercise 1 / Page 210 Exercise 5 / Page 214
1. dash 6. breath 1. Please 6. Cashier
2. fish 7. wheel 2. See 7. Meet
3. while 8. think 3. Teeth 8. Frontier
4. chair 9. fresh 4. Break 9. Leaf
5. change 10. chubby 5. Lead 10. Belief

Exercise 4 / Page 222

A: Hi Rachel? How are you?
Rachel B: Oh Hi Luis. I’m sorry. I am in a hurry. My dog is out of food, so I am going
to the Pet Shop and then I am going to the hospital to see my mother.

A: Hey David! Where are you going?

David B: Hey Mike! I am going to the computer store to get a new laptop and then I
will go to the bookstore.

A: Hey Jessica, are you busy?

Jessica B: Hey Robin. Yes I am! I need to ship this package at the post office and
later I am going to the gym.

A: Hi Peter! Any plans today?

Peter B: Hi Susan! Yes! I am meeting a friend at the cafeteria and then I need
some medications from the drugstore.

Exercise 5 / Page 223

A: Hey Allison! By any chance do you know where I can get a romantic
present?
Allison
B: Hello!! Yeah sure!!! There is a flower shop on the other corner. Flowers
are always the best gift!!

A: Hi Steve!!! I need a new sofa. Do you know where I can get it?
Steve B: Hi John! Sure!! There is a furniture store in front of the gas station. You
can't miss it!

A: How are you Esteban! I need to cash a check.

Sofia B: Hey there is a bank in the city mall, just downtown.

A: Hey Paula! I need to buy new tools for my garden! Do you know where I
Paula can get them?
B: Yes no problem!! There is a hardware store next to the supermarket.

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Exercise 4 / Page 226

Rachel: I need to lose some weight. I should workout more. I need a good gym.

David: There are several groceries I need. I should go shopping.

Jessica: I am going to a party and I have no shoes. The party is very soon. I need to find a
really good shoe store.

Peter: I need to drive really far tomorrow. I need to get more fuel for my car.

Cris: I am getting married real soon. I need to find a jewelry store and buy a fancy ring.

Exercise 5 / Page 232

1: It is on High Street. It’s between the Indian Restaurant and Swimming pool.
Ray 2: It is on Bristol Road. It is behind the city park and next to the public library.
3: It is on Oxford Street. It is next to the Bank.

1: It is on Victoria Street. It is behind the zoo and across from the sports shop.
Luke 2: It is on Brook Street. It is next to the Pub.
3: It is on Victoria Street. It is next to the bank and across from the hotel.

1: It is on High Street. It is across from the park.

Denisse 2: It is in front of the Hospital and across from the hotel.
3: It is on Market Street. It is next to the Train Station.

1: It is on Bristol Road. It is in front of the park and next to the super-market.

Lucy 2: It is on Oxford Street. It is across from the Hotel.
3: It is on Victoria street. It is next to the theater and across from the restaurant.

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 Exercise 5 / Page 241

1 : It is on the 4th Avenue. It is across from the Oak High School and in front
of the YMCA.
Laura 2 : It is on the corner of 2nd avenue and Douglas street. It is in front of the
Parking Lot and across from the Post office.
3 : It is on Water Street. It is behind the Japanese Restaurant.

1 : It is at the end of the 6th Avenue. It is in front of the Catholic Church and
across from the Grey Horse Bus Terminal.
Monica 2 : It is on the corner of Government Street and 1st avenue. It is next to the
Oak Police Station.
3 : It is on the corner of Water Street and 3rd avenue. It is behind the Times
Newspaper and across from the City Hall.

1 : It is on the 3rd avenue. It is next to the CBIC bank and across from the
United Church.
Jose 2 : It is on the corner of Government Street and First Avenue. It is across from
the Fox Movie Theater.
3 : It is at the end of the 4th Avenue. It is across from the City Hall and in front
of Ling's Chinese Restaurant.

Exercise 1 / Page 246

a. 3500 f. 4865 k. 4900
b. 1200 g. 2803 l. 3121
c. 4025 h. 3000 m. 2001
d. 1981 i. 2100 n. 1800
e. 1011 j. 1399

Exercise 3 / Page 250

a. 12:00 pm f. 2:45 k. 2:00
b. 12:00 am g. 3: 10 l. 7:20
c. 6:15 h.11:40 m. 8:08
d. 1:01 i. 4:30 n. 9: 50
e. 4:55 j. 3:25 o. 10:00

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