Cs304 Oop Compiled MCQ

Contents:
1. CS304 MID 2010.doc

2. cs304...final.doc
3. CS304objectorientedprogrammingMidTermPaperSpring2010.doc
4. CS304PAPER.doc
5. Fall_2009_FinalTerm_OPKST_CS304_bc080402322.doc
6. Fall_2009_FinalTerm_OPKST_CS304_bc080402322_1.doc
7. OOp current quiz2010.doc
8. Spring 2010 mid cs304.doc
9. Spring_2010_MidTerm_OPKST_CS304.doc
10. Spring2010midcs304.doc
MIDTERM EXAMINATION
Spring 2010
CS304- Object Oriented Programming
Time: 60 min
Marks: 38
Question No: 1 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which one of the following terms best represents the statement given below,
” Hiding details of an object from the other parts of a program”
► Obfustication.
► Data Mining.
► Compilation.
► Encapsulation
The process of hiding unwanted details from users is called __________.
► Protection
► Encapsulation
► Argumentation
► Abstraction
An employee working in an organization has
1. Name
2. Past experience
3. Age
4. Relatives
5. Hobbies in spare times
Keeping in view the principle of abstraction, which of the above information the company needs
to save as employee’s record?
► 2, 4
► 1, 3, 5
► 1, 2, 3
► 1, 2, 3, 4
What a derived class can add?
► New data members
► New member functions and New friend functions
► New constructors and destructor
► All of given
The concept of derived classes is involved in,
► inheritance
► encapsulation
► structure
► array
Your chief Software designer has shown you a sketch of the new Computer parts system she is
about to create. At the top of the hierarchy is a Class called Computer and under this are two
child classes. One is called LinuxPC and one is called WindowsPC. The main difference between
the two is that one runs the Linux operating System and the other runs the Windows System (of
course another difference is that one needs constant re-booting and the other runs reliably). Under
the WindowsPC are two Sub classes one called Server and one Called Workstation. How might
you appraise your designers work?
► Give the goahead for further design using the current scheme
► Ask for a re-design of the hierarchy with changing the Operating System to a field rather
than Class type
► Ask for the option of WindowsPC to be removed as it will soon be obsolete
► Change the hierarchy to remove the need for the superfluous Computer Class.
Consider the code below,
class Fred {
public:
Fred();
...
};
int main()
Fred a[10];
Fred* p = new Fred[10];
...
Select the best option,
► Fred a[10]; calls the default constructor 09 times
Fred* p = new Fred[10]; calls the default constructor 10 times
► Produce an error
Which construct is the source for the creation of an object?
► Destructor of the class
► New operator
► Delete operator
► Constructor of the class
this pointers are not accessible for static member functions.
► True
► False
When a variable is define as static in a class then all object of this class,
► Have different copies of this variable
► Have same copy of this variable
► Can not access this variable
► None of given
_______ remain in memory even when all objects of a class have been destroyed.
► Static variables
► Instance variable
► Primitive variables
► None of given
Given the following class

class Base{
int Age=33;
How you can improve above class with respect to accessing the field Age?
► Define the variable Age as private
► Define the variable Age as protected
► Define the variable Age as private and create a get method that returns it and a set method
that updates it
► Define the variable Age as protected and create a set method that returns it and a get
method that updates it
The life of sub object is not dependant on the life of master class in ___________.
► Composition
► Aggregation
► Separation
► None of the given
Which one is not keyword in C++?
► operator
► B_op
► const
► None of given

The >= operator can be overloaded.
► True
► False
Identify which of the following overloaded operator function’s declaration is appropriate for the
given call?
Rational_number_1 + 2.325
Where Rational_number_1 is an object of user defined class Rational_number.
► Rational_number operator+( Rational_number & obj);
► Rational_number operator+(double& obj);
► Rational_number operator+(Rational_number &obj, double& num);
► operator+(double& obj);
Question No: 17 ( Marks: 1 )
Give one line definition of "Ternary Association".
Ternary Association
• Association between three classes
• Diamond
• May have association class connected at one corner of the diamond
• Example: Association between Insurance Contract, Person, Insurance Policy

Give one line definition of "Object Orientation".
A type of programming in which programmers define not only the data type of a data structure,
but also the types of operations (functions) that can be applied to the data structure. In addition,
programmers can create relationships between one object and another. For example, objects can
inherit characteristics from other objects.
Fill in the blanks below with public, protected or private keyword.
a.Public members of base class are _____ public _____ members of derived class
b.Protected members of base class are __ protected or private ________members of derived
class.
What do you mean by the term Abstraction? Why we use it.
Abstraction is way to cope with complexity and it is used to simplify things.
Principle of abstraction:
Capture only those details about an object that are relevant to current perspective
Abstraction
Example:
Suppose we want implement abstraction for the following statement, "Ali is a PhD student and
teaches BS Students"
Here object Ali has two perspectives one is his student perspective and second is his teacher
perspective
Abstraction Advantages,
Abstraction has following major advantages,
1. It helps us understanding and solving a problem using object oriented approach as it hides extra
irrelevant details of objects.
2. Focusing on single perspective of an object provides us freedom to change implementation for

other aspects of for an object later.
Similar to Encapsulation Abstraction is also used for achieving information hiding as we show
only relevant details to related objects, and hide other details.
Derived class can inherit base class features? Explain it with example.
Inheritance is a process by which an object inherits parent
Object quality. inheritance gives reusability, The derived classes have all the features of
the base class and the programmer can choose to add new features specific to the newly
created derived class. The relationship between a parent and child class under private
inheritance¤ is not "is a", but "is implemented as a"
Example: father and child relation. father properties power

Get the child.
Consider a class Man derived class of Monkey an object of
Man inherits some of monkeys qualities and overrides some
Qualities like walking straight with two legs and have
Additional functions like speech etc..
The simple example in C++ is having a class that inherits a data member from its parentclass.
class A
{ public: integer d;
};
class B : public A
{ public:
};
The class B in inherits the data member d from class A. When one class inherits from another, it
acquires all of its methods and data. We can then instantiate an object of class B and call into that
data member.
void func() { B b; b.d = 10; };
Part A.
Suppose we have a furniture store with the following types of furniture, Chairs, Tables, Computer
Tables, Dining Tables and Beds.
1.You have to model this store using inheritance by describing base class, derived classes.
2.You also have to describe the IS–A relationship between these classes.
Part B.
What is IS-A relationship, show how it is implemented using c++ code (you do not have to give
the detailed code simply show in a single line or two how it will be implemented).
In knowledge representation and object-oriented programming and design, is-a is a

relationship where one class D is a subclass of another class B (and so B is a superclass
of D). In object-oriented programming the is-a relationship arises in the context of
inheritance concept. One can say that "apple" may inherit all the properties common to all
fruits, such as being a fleshy container for the seed of a plant.
The is-a relationship is contrasted with the has-a relationship, which constitutes the
hierarchy. It may also be contrasted with the instance-of relation: see type-token
distinction.
When designing a model (e.g., a computer program) of the real-world relationship
between an object and its subordinate, a common error is confusing the relations has-a
and is-a.

What problem(s) may occur when we copy objects without using deep copy constructor?
► Dangling pointer
► Memory Leakage
► All of the given
► System crash

Suppose that the Test class does not have an overloaded assignment operator. What
happens when an assignment a=b; is given for two Test objects a and b?
► The automatic assignment operator is used
► The copy constructor is used
► Compiler error
► Run-time error

a’A static member function can be called, even when a class is not __________.
► Declared
► Define
► Instantiated
► Called

Identify which of the following overloaded operator function’s declaration is appropriate
for the given call?


__________ provide the facility to access the data member.
► accesser function
► private function
► inline function

Constant objects cannot change their state,
► True
► False

The ________ relationship indicates that an object contains other objects.
► None of given
► ‘has-a’
► ‘is-a’
► ‘be-
Which one of the following features of OOP is used to derive a class from another?
► Encapsulation
► Polymorphism
► Data hiding
► Inheritance

_______ is a relationship
► Inheritance
► Polymarphism
► abstraction
► encapsulation

__________ satisfy the condition of polymorphism
► Carbon
► Diamond
► Coal
► all of the given

A generalization-specialization relation between classes are implemented using
► data hiding
► friend classes
► encapsulation
► inheritance

The >= operator can be overloaded.
► True
► False

In order to free the memory occupied by the object, we use -------------
► Constructor
► Destructor
► Shallow Copy
► Deep Copy

Which of the following is not an example of multiple inheritances?----------
► Mermaid
► Woman
► Amphibious Vehicle
Static variable can be initialized more than once.
► True
► False
A generic class showing all the common attributes and a behavior of other classes
represents a very important feature in oop called --------
► Inheritance
► Encapsulation
► Polymarphism
► Abstraction

If, within a class, da is a member variable, will the statement this.da=25; assign 25 to da?
Explain the scope of ‘private’ member of a class with one example.

Friend functions increase ‘Programming bugs’. What is your opinion?

Assuming that class X does not use any overloaded operators and has a member function
to subtract two objects of X and placing the result in third object using which it has been
called, write a statement that we will use to subtract two objects of class X placing the
result in third object for class X. You can take any names for three objects of X.
Give c++ code to overload unary ‘-- ‘ operator for complex numbers class.

Write c++ of overloading ^ operator in complex numbers class.
If we have two objects of complex number class as follows,

Complex obj1,obj2;
and we write statement,
Complex obj3 = obj1 ^ obj2;
obj3 real and imaginary parts will be,
obj3.real = (obj1.real) obj2.real and obj3.img = (obj1.img) obj2.img
Hint: You can use c++ built in function power(x,y) that returns the result of x y.
What are Accessor Functions, Explain with an example.
Top
FINALTERM EXAMINATION
Fall 2009
CS304- Object Oriented Programming (Session - 4)
Ref No: 1130772
Time: 120 min
Marks: 75
A template provides a convenient way to make a family of
► variables and data members
► functions and classes

► classes and exceptions
► programs and algorithms
Which one of the following terms must relate to polymorphism?
► Static allocation
► Static typing
► Dynamic binding
► Dynamic allocation
What is true about function templates?

► The compiler generates only one copy of the function template
► The compiler generates a copy of function respective to each type of data
► The compiler can only generate copy for the int type data
► None of the given.
Which of the following is the best approach if it is required to have more than one
functions having exactly same functionality and implemented on different data types?
► Templates
► Overloading
► Data hiding
► Encapsulation
template <>
class Vector<char*> { }
This is an example of partial specialization.

► True
► False
Classes like TwoDimensionalShape and ThreeDimensionalShape would normally be

concrete, while classes like Sphere and Cube would normally be abstract.
► True
► False
A non-virtual member function is defined in a base class and overridden in a derived

class; if that function is called through a base-class pointer to a derived class object, the
derived-class version is used.
► True
► False
Assume a class Derv that is privately derived from class Base. An object of class Derv
located in main() can access
► public members of Derv.

► protected members of Derv.
► private members of Derv.
► protected members of Base.
In order to define a class template, the first line of definition must be:
► template <typename T>
► typename <template T>
► Template Class <ClassName>
► Class <Template T>
If there is a pointer p to objects of a base class, and it contains the address of an object
of a derived class, and both classes contain a nonvirtual member function, ding(), then
the statement p->ding(); will cause the version of ding() in the _____ class to be executed.
► Base
► Derived
► Abstract
► virtual
When the base class and the derived class have a member function with the same
name, you must be more specific which function you want to call (using ___________).
► scope resolution operator
► dot operator
► null operator
► Operator overloading
Non Template Friend functions of a class are friends of ________instance/s of that

class.
► All
► One specific
► All instances of one date type
► None of the given options

The find() algorithm
► finds matching sequences of elements in two containers.
► finds a container that matches a specified container.
► takes iterators as its first two arguments.
► takes container elements as its first two arguments.
If you define a vector v with the default constructor, and define another vector w with a
one-argument constructor to a size of 11, and insert 3 elements into each of these
vectors with push_back(), then the size() member function will return ______ for v and
_____ for w.
► 11 for v and 3 for w.
Which of the following may not be an integral part of an object?

► State
► Behavior
► Protected data members
► All of given
Which is not the Advantage of inheritance?
► providing class growth through natural selection.
► facilitating class libraries.
► avoiding the rewriting of code.
► providing a useful conceptual framework.
class DocElement
public:
virtual void Print() { cout << "Generic element"; }
};
class Heading : public DocElement
public:
void Print() { cout << "Heading element"; }
};
class Paragraph : public DocElement
public:
void Print() { cout << "Paragraph element"; }
};
void main()
DocElement * p = new Paragraph();
p->Print();
When you run this program, it will print out a single line to the console output.
What will be in that line?
Select one correct answer from the following list:
► Generic element
► Heading element
► Paragraph element
► Nothing will be printed.
When a virtual function is called by referencing a specific object by name and using the
dot member selection operator (e.g., squareObject.draw()), the reference is resolved at
compile time.
► True
► False
In case of multiple inheritance a derived class inherits,
► Only the public member functions of its base classes
► Only the public data members of its base classes
► Both public data members and member functions of all its base classes
► Data members and member functions of any two base classes

When we write a class template the first line must be:
► template < class class_name>
► template < class data_type>
► template < class T >
Here T can be replaced with any name but it is preferable.
► class class-name()
class template<class_name>
Which of the following is incorrect line regarding function template?
► template<class T>
► template <typename U>
► Class<template T>
► template < class T, class U>

An STL container can not be used to,
► hold objects of class employee.
► store elements in a way that makes them quickly accessible.
► compile c++ programs.
► organize the way objects are stored in memory
Algorithms can only be implemented using STL containers.
► True
► False
Consider a class named Vehicle, which of the following can be the instance of class
Vehicle?
1.Car
2.Computer
3.Desk
4.Ahmed
5.Bicycle
6.Truck
► 1, 4, 5
► 2, 5, 6
► 1, 2, 3, 6
► 1, 5, 6
class Fred {
public:
Fred();
...
};
int main()
Fred a[10];
...
► None of given
The life of sub object is dependant on the life of master class in _____________.
► Separation
► Composition
► Aggregation
___________, which means if A declares B as its friend it does NOT mean that A can
access private data of B. It only means that B can access all data of A.
► Friendship is one way only
► Friendship is two way only
► NO Friendship between classes
► Any kind of friendship
Which of the following operators always takes no argument if overloaded?

►/
►-
►+
► ++
In Private -------------- only member functions and friend classes or functions of a derived
class can convert pointer or reference of derived object to that of parent object
► specialization
► inheritance
► abstraction
► composition
Write the syntax of declaring a pure virtual function in a class?
Ans:
Pure Virtual Function is a Virtual function with no body.
Declaration of Pure Virtual Function:

Since pure virtual function has no body, the programmer must add the notation
=0 for declaration of the pure virtual function in the base class.
General Syntax of Pure Virtual Function takes the form:
class classname //This denotes the base class of C++ virtual function
{
public:
virtual void virtualfunctioname() = 0 //This denotes the pure virtual function in C++
};
What is meant by direct base class ?
Ans
When a class-type is included in the class-base, it specifies the direct base class of the
class being declared. If a class declaration has no class-base, or if the class-base lists
only interface types, the direct base class is assumed to be object. A class inherits
members from its direct base class,
Deriving a class from more than one direct base class is called multiple inheritance.
Describe the way to declare a template class as a friend class of any other class.
Ans
The following example is use of a class template:

template<class L> class Key
{
L k;
L* kptr;
int length;
public:
Key(L);
// ...
};
Suppose the following declarations appear later:
Key<int> i;
Key<char*> c;
Key<mytype> m;
The compiler would create three objects.
What is the purpose of template parameter?
Ans:
There are three kinds of template parameters:

• type
• non-type
• template
You can interchange the keywords class and typename in a template parameter
declaration. You cannot use storage class specifiers (static and auto) in a template
parameter declaration.
Describe in simple words how we can use template specialization to enforce case
sensitive specialization in String class.
Ans”
The act of creating a new definition of a function, class, or member of a class from a
template declaration and one or more template arguments is called template
instantiation. The definition created from a template instantiation is called a
specialization. A primary template is the template that is being specialized.
create function objects to do the case-insensitive compares, and

then reuse them when also wanting to do case-insensitive sorting
or searching.
Can we use compiler generated default assignment operator in case our class is using
dynamic memory? Justify your answer.
Ans:
the compiler does not make a separate copy of the object. Even if the types are not the
same, the compiler is usually able to do a better job with initialization lists than with
assignments.
Consider the following constructor that initializes member object x_ using an initialization
list: square::square() : x_(whatever) { }. The most common benefit of doing this is
improved performance. For example, if the expression whatever is the same type as
member variable x_, the result of the whatever expression is constructed directly inside
x_ — the compiler does not make a separate copy of the object. Even if the types are
not the same, the compiler is usually able to do a better job with initialization lists than
with assignments.
As if that wasn't bad enough, there's another source of inefficiency when using
assignment in a constructor: the member object will get fully constructed by its default
constructor, and this might, for example, allocate some default amount of memory or
open some default file. All this work could be for naught if the whatever expression
and/or assignment operator causes the object to close that file and/or release that
memory (e.g., if the default constructor didn't allocate a large enough pool of memory or
if it opened the wrong file).
Give the names of three ways to handle errors in a program.
Ans:
The function will throw DivideByZero as an exception that can then be caught by an
exception-handling catch statement that catches exceptions of type int. The necessary
construction for catching exceptions is a try catch system. If you wish to have your
program check for exceptions, you must enclose the code that may have exceptions
thrown in a try block.
The catch statement catches exceptions that are of the proper type. You can, for
example, throw objects of a class to differentiate between several different exceptions.
As well, once a catch statement is executed, the program continues to run from the end
of the catch.
the errors can be handled outside of the regular code. This means that it is easier to
structure the program code, and it makes dealing with errors more centralized. Finally,
because the exception is passed back up the stack of calling functions, you can handle
errors at any place you choose.
Consider the following code,
class Base{
private:
void base1();
protected:
void base2();
public:
void base3();
};
class Derived: public Base{
private:
void derived1();
protected:
void derived2();
public:
void derived3();
};
int main(){
Derived * derived = new Derived();

return 0;
Fill the table below to tell which member functions of Base and Derived classes we
can access using the Derived pointer in the code indicated in bold.
Ans:
Function Name Availability (Yes / No)?
base2() no
base3() yes
derived1() No
derived2() No
derived3() Yes
What is the output produced by the following program?
#include<iostream.h>
void sample_function(double test) throw (int);

int main()
try
cout <<”Trying.\n”;
sample_function(98.6);
cout << “Trying after call.\n”;
catch(int)
cout << “Catching.\n”;
cout << “End program.\n”;
return 0;
void sample_function(double test) throw (int)
cout << “Starting sample_function.\n”;
if(test < 100)
throw 42;
Ans:
Starting sample_function
Trying
Trying after call
Catching
End program
Write a publicly derived class “Employee” that is derived from base class named
“Company”. Both classes will have function “create()”. Make virtual function of base
class and override same function in derived class. Function create will have an output
statement of your own choice.
In “main” Create an object of base class and call both functions with same object
type.
Write a program in C++ which creates three classes named as
1.Equation
2.Linear
3.Quadratic
Where Linear and Quadratic are inherited from Equation
Each class has the method Graph. Graph method should be pure virtual in Equation
class.
This method should be overridden in both the inherited classes. It is meant to display the
Graph shape of its respective class. Graph method of Linear will display the message;
Straight line
Similarly, the Graph method of Quadratic will display the message;
Parabola
In main, call the Graph method of both the Linear and Quadratic equations
polymorphically through the parent class (Equation).
Ans:
#include "fraction.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
class equation;
class equation {
int a, b;
public:
int c ()
{return (c);}
void convert (Cequation);
};
class linear {
private:
int side;
public:
void set_side (int a)
{side=a;}
friend class equation;
};
void equation::convert (Cequation) {

a = 23;
b = 45;
}
int main () {
cequation sqr;
CRectangle rect;
sqr.set_side(4);
rect.convert(sqr);
cout << rect.area();
return 0;
}
A template provides a convenient way to make a family of
► variables and data members
► functions and classes
► classes and exceptions
► programs and algorithms

► Static typing
► Dynamic binding

What is true about function templates?
► The compiler generates only one copy of the function template

► The compiler generates a copy of function respective to each type of data
► The compiler can only generate copy for the int type data
► None of the given.

Which of the following is the best approach if it is required to have more than one
functions having exactly same functionality and implemented on different data
types?
► Templates
► Overloading
► Data hiding
► Encapsulation

template <>
class Vector<char*> { }
This is an example of partial specialization.
► True
► False

Classes like TwoDimensionalShape and ThreeDimensionalShape would
normally be concrete, while classes like Sphere and Cube would normally be
abstract.
► True
► False

A non-virtual member function is defined in a base class and overridden in a
derived class; if that function is called through a base-class pointer to a derived
class object, the derived-class version is used.
► True
► False

Assume a class Derv that is privately derived from class Base. An object of class
Derv located in main() can access

In order to define a class template, the first line of definition must be:
► template <typename T>

► typename <template T>
► Template Class <ClassName>
► Class <Template T>

If there is a pointer p to objects of a base class, and it contains the address of an
object of a derived class, and both classes contain a nonvirtual member function,
ding(), then the statement p->ding(); will cause the version of ding() in the _____
class to be executed.
► Base
► Derived
► Abstract
► virtual

When the base class and the derived class have a member function with the
same name, you must be more specific which function you want to call (using
___________).

► dot operator
► null operator

Non Template Friend functions of a class are friends of ________instance/s of
that class.
► All
► One specific
► All instances of one date type

The find() algorithm
► finds matching sequences of elements in two containers.

► finds a container that matches a specified container.
► takes iterators as its first two arguments.
► takes container elements as its first two arguments.

If you define a vector v with the default constructor, and define another vector w
with a one-argument constructor to a size of 11, and insert 3 elements into each
of these vectors with push_back(), then the size() member function will return
______ for v and _____ for w.


► State
► Behavior
► Protected data members
► All of given

Which is not the Advantage of inheritance?
► providing class growth through natural selection.

► facilitating class libraries.
► avoiding the rewriting of code.
► providing a useful conceptual framework.

class DocElement
{
public:
virtual void Print() { cout << "Generic element"; }
};
class Heading : public DocElement
{
public:
void Print() { cout << "Heading element"; }
};
class Paragraph : public DocElement
{
public:
void Print() { cout << "Paragraph element"; }
};
void main()
{
DocElement * p = new Paragraph();
p->Print();
}
When you run this program, it will print out a single line to the console output.
What will be in that line?
Select one correct answer from the following list:

► Generic element
► Heading element
► Paragraph element
► Nothing will be printed.

When a virtual function is called by referencing a specific object by name and
using the dot member selection operator (e.g., squareObject.draw()), the
reference is resolved at compile time.
► True
► False

In case of multiple inheritance a derived class inherits,
► Only the public member functions of its base classes

► Only the public data members of its base classes
► Both public data members and member functions of all its base classes
► Data members and member functions of any two base classes

When we write a class template the first line must be:
► template < class class_name>

► template < class data_type>
► template < class T >
Here T can be replaced with any name but it is preferable.
► class class-name()
class template<class_name>




► True
► False

Consider a class named Vehicle, which of the following can be the instance of
class Vehicle?
1. Car
2. Computer
3. Desk
4. Ahmed
5. Bicycle
6. Truck
► 1, 4, 5
► 2, 5, 6
► 1, 2, 3, 6
► 1, 5, 6
class Fred {
public:
Fred();
...
};
int main()
{
Fred a[10];
...
}




► None of given

The life of sub object is dependant on the life of master class in _____________.
► Separation
► Composition
► Aggregation

___________, which means if A declares B as its friend it does NOT mean that A
can access private data of B. It only means that B can access all data of A.


►/
►-
►+
► ++

In Private -------------- only member functions and friend classes or functions of a derived
class can convert pointer or reference of derived object to that of parent object
► specialization
► inheritance
► abstraction
► composition

Write the syntax of declaring a pure virtual function in a class?

What is meant by direct base class ?
Describe the way to declare a template class as a friend class of any other class.

What is the purpose of template parameter?

Describe in simple words how we can use template specialization to enforce
case sensitive specialization in String class.

Can we use compiler generated default assignment operator in case our class is
using dynamic memory? Justify your answer.

Give the names of three ways to handle errors in a program.

Consider the following code,
class Base{
private:
void base1();
protected:
void base2();
public:
void base3();
};
class Derived: public Base{

private:
void derived1();
protected:
void derived2();
public:
void derived3();
};
int main(){
Derived * derived = new Derived();
return 0;
}
Fill the table below to tell which member functions of Base and Derived
classes we can access using the Derived pointer in the code indicated in
bold.
Function Name Availability (Yes / No)?

base2() ?
base3() ?
derived1() ?
derived2() ?
derived3() ?

What is the output produced by the following program?
void sample_function(double test) throw (int);
int main()
{
try
{
cout <<”Trying.\n”;
sample_function(98.6);
cout << “Trying after call.\n”;
}
catch(int)
{
cout << “Catching.\n”;
}
cout << “End program.\n”;

return 0;
}
void sample_function(double test) throw (int)
{
cout << “Starting sample_function.\n”;
if(test < 100)
throw 42;
}

Write a publicly derived class “Employee” that is derived from base class
named “Company”. Both classes will have function “create()”. Make virtual
function of base class and override same function in derived class. Function
create will have an output statement of your own choice.
In “main” Create an object of base class and call both functions with same
object type.

Write a program in C++ which creates three classes named as
1. Equation
2. Linear
3. Quadratic
Where Linear and Quadratic are inherited from Equation
Each class has the method Graph. Graph method should be pure virtual in
Equation class.
This method should be overridden in both the inherited classes. It is meant to

display the Graph shape of its respective class. Graph method of Linear will
display the message;
Straight line
Similarly, the Graph method of Quadratic will display the message;
Parabola
In main, call the Graph method of both the Linear and Quadratic equations
polymorphically through the parent class (Equation).
Top
MIDTERM EXAMINATION
Spring 2010
Time: 60 min
Marks: 38

Suppose there is an object of type Person, which of the following can be considered
as one of its attributes
► Name
► Age
► Work()
► Both Name and Age


► All of given

________ is/are used to access information hidden within an object?
► Interface
► Private data members
► Private member functions
► Both public and private members

► True
► False
http://vustudents.ning.com
A static member function cannot be declared.
► Static
► Implicit
► Explicit
► Virtual

C++ compiler does not allow to dynamically allocate memory for objects
► False
► True

Given the following class http://vustudents.ning.com
class Base{
int Age=33;
}

► Define the variable Age as private and create a get method that returns it and a
set method that updates it
► Define the variable Age as protected and create a set method that returns it and a
get method that updates it

Friend class and friend function can be used as an alternate to each other
► True
► False

►/
►-
►+
► ++


► Compiler error
► Run-time error

Assume a class C with objects obj1, obj2, and obj3. For the statement obj3 = obj1 -
obj2 to work correctly, if the overloaded - operator must
► take two arguments. http://vustudents.ning.com
► return a value.
► create a named temporary object.
► take four arguments

Which operator can not be overloaded?
► The relation operator ( >= )

► Assignment operator ( = )
► Script operator ( [] )
► Conditional operator (? : )

We achieve independence of internal implementation from its external interface
through-----------
► Encapsulation
► Information Hiding
► Abstraction
► both encapsulation and information hiding

Which one of the following is not an object association?
► Simple Assocation
► Inheritance
► Aggregation
► Composition

We capture the object attributes and behavior in Object Oriented programming
using--------------- http://vustudents.ning.com
► Class
► Function
► Data Members
► Instances

The return type of a constructor is of -------------
► Integer
► Chracter
► Double
► No type

Can we create an array of objects for a class having default constructor?. Justify your
answer.
Ans:

Friend functions increase ‘Data vulnerability’, what is your opinion ?

Explain two benefits of setter functions. http://vustudents.ning.com

Consider the class given below what will be the values in variables x,y and z after
creating object of this class,
class ABC{
int x;
int y;
int z;
public:
ABC();
};
ABC::ABC():x(10),z(x),y(x)
{
…
}

Explain what type of copy the default assignment operator "=" does when applied to
objects. (shallow copy or deep copy)

What is composition? Explain it with the help of an example.

How we can overload Stream Extraction and Insertion Operators in c++?Give
example code for Complex Number Class.
Top

Which one of the following terms must relate to
polymorphism?
► Static typing
► Dynamic binding

Multiple inheritance can be of type
► Public
► Private
► Protected

When a subclass specifies an alternative definition for an
attribute or method of its superclass, it is _______ the
definition in the superclass.
► overload
► overriding
► copy riding
► none of given

Like template functions, a class template may not handle
all the types successfully.
► True
► False

It is sometimes useful to specify a class from which no
objects will ever be created.
► True
► False

Assume a class Derv that is privately derived from class
Base. An object of class Derv located in main() can access

A pointer to a base class can point to objects of a
derived class.
► True
► False

A copy constructor is invoked when
► a function do not returns by value.

► an argument is passed by value.
► a function returns by reference.
► an argument is passed by reference.

A function call is resolved at run-time in___________
► non-virtual member function.

► virtual member function.
► Both non-virtual member and virtual member function.
► None of given

When the base class and the derived class have a
member function with the same name, you must be more
specific which function you want to call (using
___________).

► dot operator
► null operator

Each try block can have ______ no. of catch blocks.
► 1
► 2
► 3
► As many as necessary.

Two important STL associative containers are _______
and _______.
► set,map
► sequence,mapping
► setmet,multipule
► sit,mat

The mechanism of selecting function at run time
according to the nature of calling object is called,
► late binding
► static binding
► virtual binding

An abstract class is useful when,
► We do not derive any class from it.

► There are multiple paths from one derived class to
another.
► We do not want to instantiate its object.
► You want to defer the declaration of the class.

Which of the following is incorrect line regarding
function template?

Which of the following is/are advantage[s] of generic
programming?
► Reusability
► Writability
► Maintainability
► All of given

By default the vector data items are initialized to ____
► 0
► 0.0
► 1
► null

Which one of the following functions returns the total
number of elements in a vector.
► length();
► size();
► ele();
► veclen();

Suppose you create an uninitialized vector as follows:
vector<int> evec;
After adding the statment,
evec.push_back(21);
what will happen?
► The following statement will add an element to the
start (the back) of evec and will initialize it with the
value 21.
center of evec and will reinitialize it with the value 21.
► The following statement will delete an element to the
end (the back) of evec and will reinitialize it with the
value 21.
end (the back) of evec and initialize it with the value
21.


► store elements in a way that makes them quickly
accessible.

Algorithms can only be implemented using STL
containers.
► True
► False

The main function of scope resolution operator (::) is,
► To define an object
► To define a data member
► To link the definition of an identifier to its declaration
► To make a class private

When is a constructor called?
► Each time the constructor identifier is used in a

program statement
► During the instantiation of a new object
► During the construction of a new class
► At the beginning of any program execution

class Fred {
public:
Fred();
...
};
int main()
{
Fred a[10];
...
}
Fred* p = new Fred[10]; calls the default constructor 10
times

times

times

Associativity can be changed in operator overloading.
► True
► False
A normal C++ operator that acts in special ways on newly
defined data types is said to be
► glorified.
► encapsulated.
► classified.
► overloaded.



Suppose obj1 and obj2 are two objects of a user defined
class A. An + operator is overloaded to add obj1 and obj2
using the function call obj1+obj2.
Identify the correct function prototype against the given
call?
► A operator + ( A &obj);
► int + operator();
► int operator (plus) ();
► A operator(A &obj3);

Default constructor is such constructor which either has
no ---------or if it has some parameters these have
-------- values
► Parameter, temporary
► Null, Parameter
► Parameter, default
► non of the given

Public methods of base class can --------- be accessed in
its derived class
► directly
► inderectly
► simultaniously

Is Deque a Birectional Container?
Yes, deque behaves like queue (line) such that we can add
elements on both sides of it.

What is meant by Generic Programming?
Generic programming refers to programs containing

generic abstractions general code that is same in logic
for all data types like printArray function), then we
instantiate that generic program abstraction (function,
class) for a particular data type, such abstractions can
work with many different types of data.

Sort the following data in the order in which compiler
searches a function?
Complete Specialization, Generic Template, Partial
Specialization, Ordinary Function.
Specializations of this function template, instantiations
with specific types, can be called just like an ordinary
function:
cout
<<
max
(
3, 7
)
;
// outputs 7
The compiler examines the arguments used to callmaxand

determines that this is a call tomax(int, int). It then
instantiates a version of the function where the
parameterizing typeTisint, making the equivalent of the
following function:
int
max
(
int
x,
int
y
)
{
return
x
<
y
?
y
:
x
;
}
the C++ Standard Template Library contains the function

templatemax(x, y)which creates functions that return
either x or y, whichever is larger.max()could be defined
like this:
template
<
typename
T
>
T max
(
T x, T y
)
{
return
x
<
y
?
y
:
x
;
}

State any conflict that may rise due to multiple
inheritance?
The conflict may arise is the diamond problem, which our
author likes to call the“diamond of doom”. This occurs
when a class multiply inherits from two classes which
each inherit from a single base class. This leads to a
diamond shaped inheritance pattern.
For example, consider the following set of classes:
classPoweredDevice
{
};
classScanner: publicPoweredDevice
{
};
classPrinter: publicPoweredDevice
{
};
classCopier: publicScanner, publicPrinter
{
};
Scanners and printers are both powered devices, so they

derived from PoweredDevice. However, a copy machine
incorporates the functionality of both Scanners and
Printers.
Ambiguity also cause problem.

Describe three properties necessary for a container to
implement Generic Algorithms.
If you declare a container as holding pointers, you are

responsible for managing the memory for the objects
pointed to. The container classes will not automatically
free memory for these objects when an item is erased
from the container.
Container classes are expected to implement methods to
do the following:

create a new empty container (constructor),


report the number of objects it stores (size),

delete all the objects in the container (clear),


insert new objects into the container,


remove objects from it,


provide access to the stored objects.
Top
Fall 2009
Time: 120 min
Marks: 75
► Static typing
► Dynamic binding

► Public
► Private
► Protected

When a subclass specifies an alternative definition for an attribute or method of its
superclass, it is _______ the definition in the superclass.
► overload
► overriding
► copy riding
► none of given

Like template functions, a class template may not handle all the types successfully.
► True
► False
It is sometimes useful to specify a class from which no objects will ever be created.
► True
► False



A pointer to a base class can point to objects of a derived class.
► True
► False



► None of given

When the base class and the derived class have a member function with the same name,
you must be more specific which function you want to call (using ___________).

► dot operator
► null operator

►1
►2
►3

Two important STL associative containers are _______ and _______.
► set,map
► sit,mat

The mechanism of selecting function at run time according to the nature of calling object
is called,
► late binding
► static binding
► virtual binding


► There are multiple paths from one derived class to another.


Which of the following is/are advantage[s] of generic programming?
► Reusability
► Writability
► Maintainability
► All of given

►0
► 0.0
►1
► null

Which one of the following functions returns the total number of elements in a vector.
► length();
► size();
► ele();
► veclen();

vector<int> evec;
evec.push_back(21);
what will happen?
► The following statement will add an element to the start (the back) of evec and
will initialize it with the value 21.
► The following statement will add an element to the center of evec and will
reinitialize it with the value 21.
► The following statement will delete an element to the end (the back) of evec and
will reinitialize it with the value 21.
► The following statement will add an element to the end (the back) of evec and
initialize it with the value 21.



► True
► False


► Each time the constructor identifier is used in a program statement


class Fred {
public:
Fred();
...
};
int main()
{
Fred a[10];
...
}



► True
► False

A normal C++ operator that acts in special ways on newly defined data types is
said to be
► glorified.
► encapsulated.
► classified.
► overloaded.


Suppose obj1 and obj2 are two objects of a user defined class A. An + operator is
overloaded to add obj1 and obj2 using the function call obj1+obj2.
Identify the correct function prototype against the given call?

Default constructor is such constructor which either has no ---------or if it has some
parameters these have -------- values
► Null, Parameter

Public methods of base class can --------- be accessed in its derived class
► directly
► inderectly
► simultaniously

Yes, deque behaves like queue (line) such that we can add elements on both
sides of it.

Generic programming refers to programs containing generic abstractions general

code that is same in logic for all data types like printArray function), then we
instantiate that generic program abstraction (function, class) for a particular data
type, such abstractions can work with many different types of data.

Sort the following data in the order in which compiler searches a function?
Complete Specialization, Generic Template, Partial Specialization, Ordinary
Function.
Specializations of this function template, instantiations with specific types, can be called
just like an ordinary function:
cout << max(3, 7); // outputs 7
The compiler examines the arguments used to call max and determines that this is a call
to max(int, int). It then instantiates a version of the function where the parameterizing
type T is int, making the equivalent of the following function:
int max(int x, int y)
{
return x < y ? y : x;
}
the C++ Standard Template Library contains the function template max(x, y) which creates
functions that return either x or y, whichever is larger. max() could be defined like this:
template <typename T>
T max(T x, T y)
{
}

State any conflict that may rise due to multiple inheritance?
The conflict may arise is the diamond problem, which our author likes to call the
“diamond of doom”. This occurs when a class multiply inherits from two classes
which each inherit from a single base class. This leads to a diamond shaped
inheritance pattern.
classPoweredDevice
{
};
{
};
{
};
{
};
Scanners and printers are both powered devices, so they derived from
PoweredDevice. However, a copy machine incorporates the functionality of both
Scanners and Printers.

Describe three properties necessary for a container to implement Generic
Algorithms.
If you declare a container as holding pointers, you are responsible for

managing the memory for the objects pointed to. The container classes will
not automatically free memory for these objects when an item is erased from
the container.
Container classes are expected to implement methods to do the following:
• create a new empty container (constructor),
• report the number of objects it stores (size),
• delete all the objects in the container (clear),
• insert new objects into the container,
• remove objects from it,
• provide access to the stored objects.

Write three important features of virtual functions.
With virtual functions, derived classes can provide new implementations of
functions from their base classes. When someone calls a virtual function of an
object of the derived class, this new implementation is called, even if the caller
uses a pointer to the base class, and doesn't even know about the particular
derived class.
The virtual function is an option, and the language defaults to non virtual, which
is the fastest configuration.
The derived class can completely "override" the implementation or "augment" it
(by explicitly calling the base class implementation in addition to the new things it
does).

#include <iostream>
#include <stdlib.h>
using namespace std;
class Shape{
public:
void Draw(){cout<<"shape"<<endl;}
};
class Line : public Shape{
public:
void Draw(){cout<<"Line"<<endl;}
};
class Circle : public Shape{
public:
void Draw(){cout<<"Circle"<<endl;}
};
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
Shape * ptr1 = new Shape();
Shape * ptr2 = new Line();
Shape * ptr3 = new Circle();
ptr1->Draw();
ptr2->Draw();
ptr3->Draw();
system("PAUSE");
return 0;
}
This code shows output,
Shape
Shape
Shape
Give the reason for this output
Suppose we want to show the output,
Shape
Line
Circle
How we can change the code to do that?
class shape { public:

void draw();
};
class circle : public shape { };
int main(int argc, char **argv){
circle my_circle;
my_circle.draw();
}
While this has all the usual advantages, e.g., code reuse, the real power of
polymorphism comes into play when draw is declared to be virtual or pure virtual,
as follows:
class shape{ public:
virtual void draw()=0;
};
class circle : public shape { public:
void draw();
}
Here, circle has declared its own draw function, which can define behavior
appropriate for a circle. Similarly, we could define other classes derived from
shape, which provide their own versions of draw. Now, because all the classes
implement the shape interface, we can create collections of objects that can
provide different behavior invoked in a consistent manner (calling the draw
member function). An example of this is shown here.
shape *shape_list[3]; // the array that will
// pointer to our shape objects
shape[0] = new shape; // three types of shapes
shape[1] = new line; // we have defined
shape[2] = new circle;
for(int i = 0; i < 3; i++){
shape_list[i].draw();
}
When we invoke the draw function for each object on the list, we do not need to
know anything about each object; C++ handles the details of invoking the correct
version of draw. This is a very powerful technique, allowing us to provide
extensibility in our designs. Now we can add new classes derived from shape to
provide whatever behavior we desire. The key here is that we have separated
the interface (the prototype for shape) from the implementation.

There are some errors in the code given below, you have to
1. Indicate the line no. with error/s
2. Give the reason for error/s
3. Correct the error/s.
1. #include <iostream> this will be #include <iostream.h>

2. #include <stdlib.h>
3. using namespace std;

4. template <typename T>
5. class MyClass{
6. public:
7. MyClass(){
8. cout<<"This is class1"<<endl;
9. }
10. };
12. class MyClass<int*>{
13. public:
14. MyClass(){
16. }
17. };
18. int main(int argc, char *argv[])
19. {
20. MyClass<int> c1;
21. MyClass<int*> c2;
22. system("PAUSE");
23. return 0;
24. }
Given are two classes A and B. class B is inherited from class A. Write a code
snippet(for main function) that polymorphically call the method of class B. Also
what changes do you suggest in the given code segment that are required to call
the class B method polymorphically.
class A
{
public:
void method() { cout<<"A's method \n"; }
};
class B : public A
{
public:
void method() { cout<<"B's method\n"; }
};
Ans:
public class Test

{
public class A {}
public class B extends A {}
private void test(A a)

{
System.out.println("test(A)");
}
private void test(B b)

{
System.out.println("test(B)");
}
public static void main(String[] args)

{
Test t = new Test();
A a = t.new A();
A b = t.new B();
t.test(a);
t.test(b);
}
}

Create built-in STL (Standard Template Library) vector class object for
strings and add in it some words by taking input from user, then apply the
sort() algorithm to array of words stored in this vector class object.
Hint:Use push_back() to add the words in vector class object, and the []
operator and size() to display these sorted words.
The STL is the containers, iterators and algorithms component of the proposed C++
Standard Library [ANSI95]. It represents a novel application of principles which have
their roots in styles of programming other than Object-orientation.
void listWords(istream& in, ostream& out)
{
string s;
while (!in.eof() && in >> s) {

add s to some container
}
sort the strings in the container

remove the duplicates
for (each string t in container) {

out << t;
}
}
For now, assume that a word is defined as a whitespace-separated string as delivered by
the stream extraction operator. Later on we will consider ways of refining this definition.
Given the way this problem is expressed, we can implement this program directly, if
naïvely. The STL container class vector will suffice to hold the words: applying the
algorithms sort and unique provides the required result.
{
string s;
vector<string> v;
while (!in.eof() && in >> s)

v.push_back(s); // (1)
sort(v.begin(), v.end());
vector<string>::iterator e
= unique(v.begin(), v.end()); // (2)
for (vector<string>::iterator b = v.begin();

b != e;
b++) {
out << *b << endl;
}
}
At (1) the vector member function push_back() is used to add to the end of the vector.
This can also be done using the insert member, which takes as a parameter an iterator
identifying the position in the vector at which to place the added element:
v.insert(v.end(), s);
This allows us to add at any position in the vector. Be aware, though, that adding
anywhere other than the end implies the overhead of physically shifting all elements from
the insertion point to the end to make room for the new value. For this reason, and given
the choices made in this example, attempts to optimise this code by maintaining the
vector in sorted order are unwise. Replace vector with list and this becomes possible -
although in both cases a search over the container will be necessary to determine the
correct position of insertion.
The unique algorithm has the surprising property of not changing the length of the
container to which it is applied (it can hardly do this, as it has access not to the
underlying container, but only to the pair of iterators it is passed). Instead, it guarantees
that duplicates are removed by moving unique entries towards the beginning of the
container, returning an iterator indicating the new end of the container. This can be used
directly (as here, at (2)), conversely it can be passed to the erase member with the old end
iterator, to truncate the container.

Q. Write a detailed note on Exceptions in Destructors with the help of a coding
example.
Exceptions in Destructors:
An object is presumably created to do something. Some of the changes made by an object
should persist after an object dies (is destructed) and some changes should not. Take an
object implementing a SQL query. If a database field is updated via the SQL object then
that change should persist after the SQL objects dies. To do its work the SQL object
probably created a database connection and allocated a bunch of memory. When the SQL
object dies we want to close the database connection and deallocate the memory,
otherwise if a lot of SQL objects are created we will run out of database connections
and/or memory.
The logic might look like:
Sql::~Sql()
{
delete connection;
delete buffer;
}
Let's say an exception is thrown while deleting the database connection. Will the buffer
be deleted? No. Exceptions are basically non-local gotos with stack cleanup. The code for
deleting the buffer will never be executed creating a gaping resource leak.
Special care must be taken to catch exceptions which may occur during object
destruction. Special care must also be taken to fully destruct an object when it throws an
exception.
Example code for exception ……
#include<conio.c>
class Exception {
private:
char message[30] ;
public:
Exception() {strcpy(message,"There is not enough stock");}

char * get_message() { return message; }
};
class Item {
private:
int stock ;
int required_quantity;
public:
Item(int stk, int qty)

{
stock = stk;
required_quantity = qty;
}
int get_stock()
{
return stock;
}
int get_required_quantity()
{
return required_quantity;
}
void order()
{
if (get_stock()< get_required_quantity())
throw Exception();
else
cout<<"The required quantity of item is available in the stock";
}
~Item(){}
};
void main()
{
Item obj(10, 20);
try
{
obj.order();
}
catch(Exception & exp2)
{
getch();
cout << "Exception: " << exp2.get_message() << endl;
}
getch();
Top
Fall 2009
Time: 120 min
Marks: 75
► Static typing
► Dynamic binding

► Public
► Private
► Protected

When a subclass specifies an alternative definition for an attribute or method of its
superclass, it is _______ the definition in the superclass.
► overload
► overriding
► copy riding
► none of given

Like template functions, a class template may not handle all the types successfully.
► True
► False

It is sometimes useful to specify a class from which no objects will ever be created.
► True
► False



A pointer to a base class can point to objects of a derived class.
► True
► False



► None of given

When the base class and the derived class have a member function with the same name,
you must be more specific which function you want to call (using ___________).

► dot operator
► null operator

►1
►2
►3

Two important STL associative containers are _______ and _______.
► set,map
► sit,mat

The mechanism of selecting function at run time according to the nature of calling object
is called,
► late binding
► static binding
► virtual binding


► There are multiple paths from one derived class to another.

Which of the following is/are advantage[s] of generic programming?
► Reusability
► Writability
► Maintainability
► All of given

►0
► 0.0
►1
► null

Which one of the following functions returns the total number of elements in a vector.
► length();
► size();
► ele();
► veclen();

vector<int> evec;
evec.push_back(21);
what will happen?
► The following statement will add an element to the start (the back) of evec and
will initialize it with the value 21.
► The following statement will add an element to the center of evec and will
reinitialize it with the value 21.
► The following statement will delete an element to the end (the back) of evec and
will reinitialize it with the value 21.
► The following statement will add an element to the end (the back) of evec and
initialize it with the value 21.



► True
► False


► Each time the constructor identifier is used in a program statement

class Fred {
public:
Fred();
...
};
int main()
{
Fred a[10];
...
}



► True
► False

A normal C++ operator that acts in special ways on newly defined data types is
said to be
► glorified.
► encapsulated.
► classified.
► overloaded.



Suppose obj1 and obj2 are two objects of a user defined class A. An + operator is
overloaded to add obj1 and obj2 using the function call obj1+obj2.
Identify the correct function prototype against the given call?

Default constructor is such constructor which either has no ---------or if it has some
parameters these have -------- values
► Null, Parameter

Public methods of base class can --------- be accessed in its derived class
► directly
► inderectly
► simultaniously

Yes, deque behaves like queue (line) such that we can add elements on both
sides of it.

Generic programming refers to programs containing generic abstractions general

code that is same in logic for all data types like printArray function), then we
instantiate that generic program abstraction (function, class) for a particular data
type, such abstractions can work with many different types of data.

Sort the following data in the order in which compiler searches a function?
Complete Specialization, Generic Template, Partial Specialization, Ordinary
Function.
Specializations of this function template, instantiations with specific types, can be called
just like an ordinary function:
cout << max(3, 7); // outputs 7
The compiler examines the arguments used to call max and determines that this is a call
to max(int, int). It then instantiates a version of the function where the parameterizing
type T is int, making the equivalent of the following function:
int max(int x, int y)
{
}
the C++ Standard Template Library contains the function template max(x, y) which creates
functions that return either x or y, whichever is larger. max() could be defined like this:
template <typename T>
T max(T x, T y)
{
}

State any conflict that may rise due to multiple inheritance?
The conflict may arise is the diamond problem, which our author likes to call the
“diamond of doom”. This occurs when a class multiply inherits from two classes
which each inherit from a single base class. This leads to a diamond shaped
inheritance pattern.
classPoweredDevice
{
};
{
};
{
};
{
};
Scanners and printers are both powered devices, so they derived from
PoweredDevice. However, a copy machine incorporates the functionality of both
Scanners and Printers.

Describe three properties necessary for a container to implement Generic
Algorithms.
If you declare a container as holding pointers, you are responsible for

managing the memory for the objects pointed to. The container classes will
not automatically free memory for these objects when an item is erased from
the container.
Container classes are expected to implement methods to do the following:
• create a new empty container (constructor),
• report the number of objects it stores (size),
• delete all the objects in the container (clear),
• insert new objects into the container,
• remove objects from it,
• provide access to the stored objects.

Write three important features of virtual functions.
With virtual functions, derived classes can provide new implementations of
functions from their base classes. When someone calls a virtual function of an
object of the derived class, this new implementation is called, even if the caller
uses a pointer to the base class, and doesn't even know about the particular
derived class.
The virtual function is an option, and the language defaults to non virtual, which
is the fastest configuration.
The derived class can completely "override" the implementation or "augment" it
(by explicitly calling the base class implementation in addition to the new things it
does).

#include <iostream>
#include <stdlib.h>
using namespace std;
class Shape{
public:
void Draw(){cout<<"shape"<<endl;}
};
class Line : public Shape{
public:
void Draw(){cout<<"Line"<<endl;}
};
class Circle : public Shape{
public:
void Draw(){cout<<"Circle"<<endl;}
};
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
Shape * ptr1 = new Shape();
Shape * ptr2 = new Line();
Shape * ptr3 = new Circle();
ptr1->Draw();
ptr2->Draw();
ptr3->Draw();
system("PAUSE");
return 0;
}
This code shows output,
Shape
Shape
Shape
Give the reason for this output
Suppose we want to show the output,
Shape
Line
Circle
How we can change the code to do that?
class shape { public:

void draw();
};
class circle : public shape { };
int main(int argc, char **argv){
circle my_circle;
my_circle.draw();
}
While this has all the usual advantages, e.g., code reuse, the real power of
polymorphism comes into play when draw is declared to be virtual or pure virtual,
as follows:
class shape{ public:
virtual void draw()=0;
};
class circle : public shape { public:
void draw();
}
Here, circle has declared its own draw function, which can define behavior
appropriate for a circle. Similarly, we could define other classes derived from
shape, which provide their own versions of draw. Now, because all the classes
implement the shape interface, we can create collections of objects that can
provide different behavior invoked in a consistent manner (calling the draw
member function). An example of this is shown here.
shape *shape_list[3]; // the array that will
// pointer to our shape objects
shape[0] = new shape; // three types of shapes
shape[1] = new line; // we have defined
shape[2] = new circle;
for(int i = 0; i < 3; i++){
shape_list[i].draw();
}
When we invoke the draw function for each object on the list, we do not need to
know anything about each object; C++ handles the details of invoking the correct
version of draw. This is a very powerful technique, allowing us to provide
extensibility in our designs. Now we can add new classes derived from shape to
provide whatever behavior we desire. The key here is that we have separated
the interface (the prototype for shape) from the implementation.

There are some errors in the code given below, you have to
1. Indicate the line no. with error/s
2. Give the reason for error/s
3. Correct the error/s.
1. #include <iostream> this will be #include <iostream.h>

2. #include <stdlib.h>
3. using namespace std;

5. class MyClass{
6. public:
7. MyClass(){
9. }
10. };
12. class MyClass<int*>{
13. public:
14. MyClass(){
16. }
17. };
18. int main(int argc, char *argv[])
19. {
20. MyClass<int> c1;
21. MyClass<int*> c2;
22. system("PAUSE");
23. return 0;
24. }

Given are two classes A and B. class B is inherited from class A. Write a code
snippet(for main function) that polymorphically call the method of class B. Also
what changes do you suggest in the given code segment that are required to call
the class B method polymorphically.
class A
{
public:
void method() { cout<<"A's method \n"; }
};
class B : public A
{
public:
void method() { cout<<"B's method\n"; }
};
Ans:
public class Test

{
public class A {}
public class B extends A {}
private void test(A a)

{
System.out.println("test(A)");
}
private void test(B b)

{
System.out.println("test(B)");
}
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Test t = new Test();
A a = t.new A();
A b = t.new B();
t.test(a);
t.test(b);
}
}

Create built-in STL (Standard Template Library) vector class object for
strings and add in it some words by taking input from user, then apply the
sort() algorithm to array of words stored in this vector class object.
Hint:Use push_back() to add the words in vector class object, and the []
operator and size() to display these sorted words.
The STL is the containers, iterators and algorithms component of the proposed C++
Standard Library [ANSI95]. It represents a novel application of principles which have
their roots in styles of programming other than Object-orientation.
{
string s;
while (!in.eof() && in >> s) {

add s to some container
}
sort the strings in the container

remove the duplicates
for (each string t in container) {

out << t;
}
}
For now, assume that a word is defined as a whitespace-separated string as delivered by
the stream extraction operator. Later on we will consider ways of refining this definition.
Given the way this problem is expressed, we can implement this program directly, if
naïvely. The STL container class vector will suffice to hold the words: applying the
algorithms sort and unique provides the required result.
{
string s;
vector<string> v;
while (!in.eof() && in >> s)

v.push_back(s); // (1)
sort(v.begin(), v.end());
vector<string>::iterator e
= unique(v.begin(), v.end()); // (2)
for (vector<string>::iterator b = v.begin();

b != e;
b++) {
out << *b << endl;
}
}
At (1) the vector member function push_back() is used to add to the end of the vector.
This can also be done using the insert member, which takes as a parameter an iterator
identifying the position in the vector at which to place the added element:
v.insert(v.end(), s);
This allows us to add at any position in the vector. Be aware, though, that adding
anywhere other than the end implies the overhead of physically shifting all elements from
the insertion point to the end to make room for the new value. For this reason, and given
the choices made in this example, attempts to optimise this code by maintaining the
vector in sorted order are unwise. Replace vector with list and this becomes possible -
although in both cases a search over the container will be necessary to determine the
correct position of insertion.
The unique algorithm has the surprising property of not changing the length of the
container to which it is applied (it can hardly do this, as it has access not to the
underlying container, but only to the pair of iterators it is passed). Instead, it guarantees
that duplicates are removed by moving unique entries towards the beginning of the
container, returning an iterator indicating the new end of the container. This can be used
directly (as here, at (2)), conversely it can be passed to the erase member with the old end
iterator, to truncate the container.

Q. Write a detailed note on Exceptions in Destructors with the help of a coding
example.
Exceptions in Destructors:
An object is presumably created to do something. Some of the changes made by an object
should persist after an object dies (is destructed) and some changes should not. Take an
object implementing a SQL query. If a database field is updated via the SQL object then
that change should persist after the SQL objects dies. To do its work the SQL object
probably created a database connection and allocated a bunch of memory. When the SQL
object dies we want to close the database connection and deallocate the memory,
otherwise if a lot of SQL objects are created we will run out of database connections
and/or memory.
The logic might look like:
Sql::~Sql()
{
delete connection;
delete buffer;
}
Let's say an exception is thrown while deleting the database connection. Will the buffer
be deleted? No. Exceptions are basically non-local gotos with stack cleanup. The code for
deleting the buffer will never be executed creating a gaping resource leak.
Special care must be taken to catch exceptions which may occur during object
destruction. Special care must also be taken to fully destruct an object when it throws an
exception.
Example code for exception ……
#include<conio.c>
class Exception {
private:
char message[30] ;
public:
Exception() {strcpy(message,"There is not enough stock");}

char * get_message() { return message; }
};
class Item {
private:
int stock ;
int required_quantity;
public:
Item(int stk, int qty)

{
stock = stk;
required_quantity = qty;
}
int get_stock()
{
return stock;
}
int get_required_quantity()
{
return required_quantity;
}
void order()
{
if (get_stock()< get_required_quantity())
throw Exception();
else
cout<<"The required quantity of item is available in the stock";
}
~Item(){}
};
void main()
{
Item obj(10, 20);
try
{
obj.order();
}
catch(Exception & exp2)
{
getch();
cout << "Exception: " << exp2.get_message() << endl;
}
getch();
Top
Class is not a mechanism to create objects and define user

data types.
1. true
2. false
Memory is allocated to non static members only, when:

1. Class is created
2. Object is defined
3. Object is initialized
4. Object is created
The sub-object’s life is not dependent on the life of master

class in ___________.
1. Composition
2. Aggregation
3. Separation
4. non of the given
Unary operators and assignment operator are right

associative.
1. true
2. false
The >= operator can't be overloaded.

1. true
2. false
_____ is creating objects of one class inside another class.

1. Association
2. Composition
3. Aggregation
4. Inheritance
If we are create array of objects through new operator, then

1. We can call overloaded constructor through new
2. We can’t call overloaded constructor through new
3. We can call default constructor through new
4. None of the given
Object can be declared constant with the use of Constant

keyword.
1. true
2. false
__________ Operator will take only one operand.
1. New
2. int
3. object
4. none of the given
Which of the following operator(s) take(s) one or no argument if

overloaded?
1. ++
2. *
3. %
4. All of the given choices
this pointer does not pass implicitly to __________ functions.

1. Static Member
2. Non-Static Member
3. Instance Number
Operator overloading is
1. making C++ operators work with objects.

2. giving C++ operators more than they can handle.
3. giving new meanings to existing Class members.
4. making new C++ operators
Question # 1 of 10
Information hiding can be achieved through__________.
1. Encapsulation, Inheritance
2. Encapsulation, Polymorphism
3. Encapsulation, Abstraction
4. Overloading
Question # 2 of 10 ( Start time: 01:11:21 AM ) Total Marks: 1

A good model is ................ related to a real life problem.
Select correct option:
1. Loosely
2. Openly
3. Closely

Which of the following features of OOP is used to derive a class from another?
1. Encapsulation
2. Polymorphism
3. Data hiding
4. Inheritance

Which of the following is a weak relationship between two objects?
1. Inheritance
2. Composition
3. Aggregation
4. None of given

Data items in a class must be private.
1. True
2. False

Which one is a class association
1. Simple Association
2. Inheritance
3. Composition
4. Aggregation

Suppose there is an object of type Person, which of the following can be considered as
one of its attributes
1. Name
2. Age
3. Work()
4. Both Name and Age

Which one is not an object association?
1. Simple association
2. Inheritance
3. Aggregation
4. Association
Using encapsulation we can achieve
1. Information hiding
2. Least interdependencies among modules
3. Implementation independence
4. All of given options

In constant member function the type of this pointer is:
1. Constant pointer
2. Constant pointer to object
3. Constant pointer to class
4. Constant pointer to constant object
Question # 1 of 10
Which of the following is the way to extract common behavior and attributes from the
given classes and make a separate class of those common behaviors and attributes?
1. Generalization
2. Sub-typing
3. Specialization
4. Extension
Question # 2 of 10
The ability to derive a class from more than one class is called
1. Single inheritance
2. Encapsulation
3. Multiple inheritance
4. Polymorphism
Question # 3 of 10:
If MyClass has a destructor what is the destructor named?
1. MyClass
2. ~MyClass
3. My~Class
4. MyClass~
Question # 4 of 10:
Class abc{ ----- }; Is a valid class declaration?
1. yes
2. no
Question # 5of 10:

Without using Deep copy constructor, A ____________ problem can occur
1. System crash
2. Memory Leakage
3. Dangling pointer
4. All of the given
Question # 6 of 10:
If only one behaviour of a derived class is incompatible with base class, then it is:
1. Generalization
2. Specialization
3. Extension
4. Inheritance
Question # 7 of 10:
1. state
2. behavior
3. Protected data members
4. All of given
Question # 8 of 10:
Only tangible things can be chosen as an object.
1. True
2. False
2 qz r similar with upper quiz so r not added in this one……good luck……….
When we create objects, then space is allocated to:

1. Member functions
2. Access specifier
3. Data members
There is only one form of copy constructor.

1. True
2. False
Which of the following features of OOP is used to deal with only relevant details?
1. Abstraction
2. Information hiding
3. Object
4. Inheritance
Through interface we access object_________________.

1. States
2. Data members
3. Behavior
If a class A inherits from class B, then class A is called.

1. Child class
2. Derived class
3. Parent class
4. Child and derived class

1. Different classes
2. Multiple classes
3. Same class
________ is automatically called when the object is created.

1. member function
2. object
3. constructor
4. none of the given
Which is true about sub-typing in case of inheritance?

1. In sub-typing a new class is derived from existing wh
2. extended behavior of its parent.
3. In sub-typing a new class is derived from existing wh
In sub-typing a class is derived from existing one wh
4. None of the given.
If a class involves dynamic memory allocation, then:

1. Default copy constructor, shallow copy is implementation
2. User defined copy constructor, shallow copy is implementation
3. Default copy constructor, deep copy is implemented
4. User defined copy constructor, deep copy is implementation
Data items in a class must be private.

1. True
2. false
Three main characteristics of "Object Oriented programming" are,

1. Encapsulation, dynamic binding, polymorphism
2. polymorphism, overloading, overriding
3. encapsulation, inheritance, dynamic binding
4. encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism
The sentence “Object Oriented Programming book in bookshelf” is an example of:

1. Binary association
2. Association
3. Multiple associations
4. Aggregation
Data members are the attributes of objects.

1. True
2. False
Constructor have same name as the class name.

1. True
2. False
Which of the following features of OOP is used to derive a class from another?
1. Encapsulation
2. Polymorphism
3. Data hiding
4. Inheritance
Which of the following is a weak relationship between two objects?
1. Inheritance
2. Composition
3. Aggregation
4. None of given
An abstract class shows ____________ behaviour.
1. Overriding
2. Specific
3. General
Which of the following are benefits of encapsulation?
1. All variables can be manipulated as Objects instead o
2. by making all variables protected they are protected
3. The implementation of a class can be changed without
4. Making all methods protected prevents accidental co
1. Child class
2. Derived class
3. Parent class
4. Child and derived class

Consider the statement “room has chair” Which of the following type of association
exists between room
and chair?
1. Inheritance
2. Composition
3. There is no association
4. Aggregation
The dot operator (or class member access operator) connects the following two entities
(reading from left to
right):
1. A class member and a class object
2. A class object and a class
3. A class and a member of that class
4. A class object and a member of that class
Top
MIDTERM EXAMINATION
Spring 2010
Time: 60 min
Marks: 38

► Name
► Age
► Work()


► All of given

► Interface

► True
► False

► Static
► Implicit
► Explicit
► Virtual

► False
► True

class Base{
int Age=33;
}

► Define the variable Age as private and create a get method that returns it
and a set method that updates it

► True
► False

►/
►-
►+
► ++


► Compiler error
► Run-time error

Assume a class C with objects obj1, obj2, and obj3. For the statement obj3 = obj1 - obj2
to work correctly, if the overloaded - operator must
► take two arguments.

► return a value.



through-----------
► Encapsulation
► Abstraction

► Inheritance
► Aggregation
► Composition

using---------------
► Class
► Function
► Data Members
► Instances

► Integer
► Chracter
► Double
► No type
answer.
Ans:


Explain two benefits of setter functions.

class ABC{
int x;
int y;
int z;
public:
ABC();
};
{
…
}


How we can overload Stream Extraction and Insertion Operators in c++?Give example
code for Complex Number Class.
Top
MIDTERM EXAMINATION
Spring 2010
Student Info
StudentID:
Center: OPKST
ExamDate:
For Teacher's Use Only

Q 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Total
No.
Marks
Q No. 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Marks
Q No. 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
Marks
Which part of an object exhibits its state?
► Data
► Operations
► Any public part
► Any private part

Inheritance is a way to
► organize data.
► pass arguments to objects of classes.
► add features to existing classes without rewriting them.
► improve data-hiding and encapsulation.

Suppose you have been given the following design,
"A person has a name, age, address and sex. You are designing a class to represent a type
of person called a patient. This kind of person may be given a diagnosis, have a spouse
and may be alive".
Given that the person class has already been created, what of the following would be
appropriate to include when you design the patient class?
► registration date and diagnosis

► age and sex
► sex and diagnosis
► diagnosis and age

What problem(s) may occur when we copy objects without using deep copy constructor?
► Dangling pointer
► Memory Leakage
► System crash

► True
► False

► Static
► Implicit
► Explicit
► Virtual

_______ remain in memory even when all objects of a class have been destroyed.
► Static variables
► Instance variable
► Primitive variables
► None of given

Friend functions are _____________ functions of a class.
► None of given
► object member
► non-member
► data member

___________, which means if A declares B as its friend it does NOT mean that A can
access private data of B. It only means that B can access all data of A.


The statement objA=objB; will cause a compiler error if the objects are of different
classes.
► True
► False

Identify which of the following overloaded operator function’s declaration is
appropriate for the given call?



To convert from a user-defined class to a basic type, you would most likely use
► a built-in conversion operator.

► a one-argument constructor.
► an overloaded = operator.
► a conversion operator that’s a member of the class.

The technique in which we visualize our programming problems according to real life’s
problems is called
----------------
► structured programming
► object oriented Programming
► procedural programming

In object orientated programming, a class of objects cans _____________
properties from another class of objects
► Utilize
► Borrow
► Inherit
► Adopt

A C++ class is similar to --------------------
► Structure
► Header File
► Library File

Can we create an array of objects for a class having user defined constructor? Justify your
answer.

Friend functions increase ‘Programming bugs’. What is your opinion?


What are binary operators? Give an example of binary operators overloading using any
class.

Give c++ code to overload assignment operator for string class.

Writ c++ code to overload subscript[] operator for String class.

Detect and correct compile time error(s) in the following code.
class Exam
{
char *ExamName;
int No_of_paper;
public:
Exam()
{
ExamName = "Final Term";
No_of_paper = 5;
}
void setname( char* name) const

{
ExamName = name;
}
void setpaper(int paper) const
{
No_of_paper = paper;
}
char* getname()
{
return ExamName;
}
int getpaper()
{
return No_of_paper;
}
};
int main()
{
const Exam exam1;
cout << " Exam = "<<exam1.getname()<<endl;

cout << " Numbe of paper = " << exam1.getpaper();
getch();
return 0;
}
Top
MIDTERM EXAMINATION
Spring 2010
Time: 60 min
Marks: 38

► Name
► Age
► Work()


► All of given

► Interface

► True
► False

A static member function cannot be declared. http://vustudents.ning.com
► Static
► Implicit
► Explicit
► Virtual

► False
► True

class Base{
int Age=33;
}

► Define the variable Age as private and create a get method that returns it
and a set method that updates it

► True
► False

►/
►-
►+
► ++


► Compiler error
► Run-time error

Assume a class C with objects obj1, obj2, and obj3. For the statement obj3 = obj1 - obj2
to work correctly, if the overloaded - operator must
► take two arguments.
► return a value.



through-----------
► Encapsulation
► Abstraction

► Inheritance
► Aggregation
► Composition

using---------------
► Class
► Function
► Data Members
► Instances
► Integer
► Chracter
► Double
► No type

answer.
Ans:



class ABC{
int x;
int y;
int z;
public:
ABC();
};
{
…
}


How we can overload Stream Extraction and Insertion Operators in c++?Give example
code for Complex Number Class.
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Cs304 Oop Compiled MCQ

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Contents:

1. CS304 MID 2010.doc

Question No: 1 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

” Hiding details of an object from the other parts of a program”

The process of hiding unwanted details from users is called __________.

Question No: 3 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

An employee working in an organization has

5. Hobbies in spare times

Question No: 4 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

What a derived class can add?

► New data members

► New member functions and New friend functions

► New constructors and destructor

Question No: 5 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

The concept of derived classes is involved in,

Question No: 6 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

► Ask for the option of WindowsPC to be removed as it will soon be obsolete

Question No: 7 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Consider the code below,

Select the best option,

► Fred a[10]; calls the default constructor 09 times

Fred* p = new Fred[10]; calls the default constructor 10 times

► Fred a[10]; calls the default constructor 11 times

Fred* p = new Fred[10]; calls the default constructor 11 times

► Fred a[10]; calls the default constructor 10 times

Fred* p = new Fred[10]; calls the default constructor 10 times

Question No: 8 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Which construct is the source for the creation of an object?

► Destructor of the class

► Constructor of the class

Question No: 9 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

this pointers are not accessible for static member functions.

Question No: 10 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

► Have different copies of this variable

► Have same copy of this variable

► Can not access this variable

Question No: 11 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Question No: 12 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Given the following class

► Define the variable Age as private

► Define the variable Age as protected

► None of the given

Question No: 14 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Which one is not keyword in C++?

Question No: 15 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Question No: 16 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Where Rational_number_1 is an object of user defined class Rational_number.

► Rational_number operator+( Rational_number & obj);

► Rational_number operator+(double& obj);

► Rational_number operator+(Rational_number &obj, double& num);

Question No: 17 ( Marks: 1 )

Give one line definition of "Ternary Association".

• Example: Association between Insurance Contract, Person, Insurance Policy

Question No: 18 ( Marks: 1 )

Give one line definition of "Object Orientation".

Question No: 19 ( Marks: 2 )

Fill in the blanks below with public, protected or private keyword.

What do you mean by the term Abstraction? Why we use it.

Abstraction is way to cope with complexity and it is used to simplify things.