Huawei 7

VLAN Routing
www.huawei.com
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. All rights reserved

A VLAN effectively isolates broadcasts,
but also restricts communication between
different VLANs. The ability to enable
communication across these VLAN
boundaries becomes an issue. VLAN
routing resolves this problem to allow
successful communication between
selected VLAN boundaries.
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.. All rights reserved Page 2

Upon completion of this section, you
should expect to:
 Understand VLAN routing
 Acquire knowledge necessary to

configure VLAN routing

Chapter 1 What is VLAN Routing
Chapter 2 VLAN Routing Configuration

VLAN Disadvantages
VLANs isolate not only layer-2 broadcasts, but also VLAN traffic. As
a result users belonging to different VLANs are unable communicate
with each other.
Port 1 Port 2
VLAN 100 VLAN 200

Communication between VLANs
Port 5 Ethernet0
192.168.200.200 VLAN200 192.168.200.1
VLAN 200 Port 2
Port 1
Port 3 Ethernet1
VLAN100 192.168.100.1
192.168.100.100
VLAN 100

One Physical Connection for Every VLAN
 VLANs are configured on layer 2 switches, and each VLAN

can use a separate physical link to interface with the router.
VLAN 300
VLAN 200 Ethernet0

Ethernet1
Ethernet2
VLAN 100

Using VLAN Trunking
 Configuration of the switch port to support trunking over the
link between the switch and router will allow multiple VLANs to
share one physical link.
VLAN 300
Ethernet0.300
Ethernet0.200
VLAN 200 Trunk Ethernet0.100
VLAN 100

Integration of Switching and Routing
VLAN 100 VLAN 200
VLAN 300
VLAN 100 VLAN 200
L3 switch
VLAN 300
L2 switch
 Functional integration of layer 2 switches and routers forms the basis for the
layer 3 switch. The layer 3 switch functionally enables VLAN classification,
VLAN based layer 2 switching and inter-VLAN routing.

Functionality of a L3 Switch
VLAN100 VLAN200 VLAN300

10.110.0.254/24 10.110.1.254/24 10.110.2.254/24
10.110.0.113/24 10.110.1.69/24 10.110.1.88/24 10.110.2.200/24
GW:10.110.0.254 GW:10.110.1.254 GW:10.110.1.254 GW:10.110.2.254

Chapter 1 What Is VLAN Routing
Chapter 2 VLAN Routing Configuration

VLAN Routing Configuration
IP:192.168.20.20
VLAN 200 GW:192.168.20.1
SWA RTA
Port 24
Port 2 Trunk Ethernet0/1
Port 1
VLAN 100
IP:192.168.10.10
GW:192.168.10.1

Standalone Routing Configuration—Switch
Configuration
SWA RTA
Port 24
Trunk Ethernet0/1
[SWA]vlan 100
[SWA-vlan100]port ethernet 0/1
[SWA]vlan 200
[SWA-vlan200]port ethernet 0/2
[SWA]interface ethernet 0/24
[SWA-Ethernet0/24]port link-type trunk
[SWA-Ethernet0/24]port trunk allow-pass vlan all

Standalone Routing Configuration—Router
Configuration
SWA RTA
Port 24
Trunk Ethernet0/1
[RTA]interface ethernet 0/1.1

[RTA-Ethernet0/1.1]control-vid 100 dot1q-termination
[RTA-Ethernet0/1.1]dot1q termination vid 100
[RTA-Ethernet0/1.1]arp broadcast enable
[RTA-Ethernet0/1.1]ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0
[RTA]interface ethernet 0/1.2
[RTA-Ethernet0/1.2]control-vid 200 dot1q-termination
[RTA-Ethernet0/1.2]dot1q termination vid 200
[RTA-Ethernet0/1.2]arp broadcast enable
[RTA-Ethernet0/1.2]ip address 192.168.20.1 255.255.255.0

VLAN Routing Configuration—Verify Connectivity
 Using the ping command, host 192.168.10.10 in VLAN100 can verify

connectivity between itself and host 192.168.20.20 in VLAN200
C:\>ping 192.168.20.20
Pinging 192.168.20.20 with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 192.168.20.20: bytes=32 time=2ms TTL=254

Ping statistics for 192.168.20.20:

Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 1ms, Maximum = 2ms, Average = 1ms

L3 Switch Configuration
IP:192.168.20.20
VLAN 200 GW:192.168.20.1
SWA
Port 2
Port 1
VLAN 100
IP:192.168.10.10
GW:192.168.10.1

L3 Switch Configuration—Switch Configuration
SWA
[SWA]interface vlanif 100

[SWA-Vlanif100]ip add 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0 create L3 interface of
[SWA]interface vlanif 200 VLAN
[SWA-Vlanif200]ip add 192.168.20.1 255.255.255.0

L3 Switch Configuration—Detect Connectivity
 Host 192.168.10.10 in VLAN100 ping host 192.168.20.20 in VLAN200
C:\>ping 192.168.20.20
Pinging 192.168.20.20 with 32 bytes of data:

Ping statistics for 192.168.20.20:

Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 1ms, Maximum = 2ms, Average = 1ms

Summary
 What is the purpose of VLAN routing?
 What methods can be used to

implement VLAN routing?

STP Principle and
Configuration
www.huawei.com

This section introduces the basic
principles and configuration practices of
STP (Spanning Tree Protocol).

Upon completion of this section, you should
expect to:
 Understand the purpose of STP

 Understand the basic principles of
STP
 Build configuration skills for
managing STP behavior

Chapter 1 Switching Loops
Chapter 2 STP Convergence Process
Chapter 3 STP Configuration
Chapter 4 STP Behavioral Limitations

Switch Forwarding Flow
Destination MAC Destination

PCA 1
port
SWA 00-0D-56-BF-88-10 E0/2
00-0D-56-BF-88-10 00-0D-56-BF-88-20 E0/3
E0/2 ..... .....
..... .....
E0/3
22
E0/5
33
Destination MAC Destination
port
E0/6
00-0D-56-BF-88-10 E0/5
SWB
PCB 00-0D-56-BF-88-20 E0/6
..... .....
00-0D-56-BF-88-20 ..... .....

The First Problem Caused by Loop--- Broadcast
Storm
Broadcast
1
PCA
SWA
4 2 3
SWB

Switch Learns MAC Address
PCA 1
SWA Destination MAC Destination
port
00-0D-56-BF-88-10 00-0D-56-BF-88-10 E0/2
E0/2 ..... .....
E0/3 ..... .....
22
E0/5
33 Destination MAC Destination
port
E0/6 00-0D-56-BF-88-10 E0/5
PCB SWB ..... .....
..... .....
00-0D-56-BF-88-20

The Second Problem Caused by Loop---MAC
Table Flapping
PCA
SWA Destination
Destination MAC
port
00-0D-56-BF-88-10 00-0D-56-BF-88-10 E0/2
E0/2
00-0D-56-BF-88-10 E0/4
E0/3 E0/4
Wrong destination port
E0/5 E0/6
SWB

Chapter 4 STP Behavioral Limitation

Eliminating Loop
SWA
E0/10 E0/20
LANA LANB
E0/10 E0/20
SWB E0/20 E0/10
LANC SWC
block one port
LAND LANE

After The Port Blocked
SWA
E0/10 E0/20
LANA LANB
E0/10 E0/20
SWB E0/20 E0/10
LANC SWC
LAND LANE

Link Backup
SWA
E0/10 E0/20
LANA LANB
E0/10 E0/20
SWB E0/20 E0/10
LANC SWC
Resume the port
LAND LANE

BPDU Operation
BPDU

STP Convergence Process－Select Root Switch
SWA
Root Bridge
32768.00e0-fc16-ee43
LANA LANB
SWB SWC
32768. 32768.
00e0-fc41-4259 LANC 00e0-fc41-43b9
LAND LANE

STP Convergence Process －Select Root Port
SWA
Root Bridge
32768.00e0-fc16-ee43
LANA LANB
Root Port Root Port
32768. SWB SWC 32768.

00e0-fc41-4259 LANC 00e0-fc41-43b9
LAND LANE

STP Convergence Process－Select Designated Port
SWA
Root
32768.00e0-fc16-ee43
Designated port Designated port for
for LANA LANB
LANA LANB
SWB SWC
32768. 32768.
00e0-fc41-4259 LANC 00e0-fc41-43b9
Designated Designated Designated

Alternate port for LANE
port for LAND port for LANC Port
LAND LANE

Switch Port Role
Port role Description
Root Port Root port is the nearest port from the root switch,
it maintains a forwarding state.
Designated Port Forwards data from a network segment it connects to,

towards root switch, and data from the root switch to
the network segment it connects.
Alternate Port Backup port, it will not forward any data to
network segment it connects.

Port Status Description
Port status Description
Disabled Port will not forward data, learn MAC address or

calculate spanning tree
Blocking Port will not forward data and learn MAC address; it will
receive and deal with BPDU but not send BPDU.
Listening Port will not forward data and learn MAC address, but it
will calculation spanning tree, receive and send BPDU
Learning Port will not forward data ,but it will learn MAC
address, calculate spanning tree, receive and send
BPDU.
Forwarding Port will forward data, learn MAC address, calculate
spanning tree, receive and send BPDU.

Transform of Port Status
Disabled
Port enables Port disables
Listening
1
Port disables 2 3 Port disables
2
Blocking Learning
3
2
Forwarding
Port disables


STP Basic Configuration－Physical Topology
SWA
Root
E0/10 E0/20
LANA LANB
E0/10 E0/20
SWB E0/20 E0/10
LANC SWC
Designated
port for LANC
LAND LANE

STP Basic Configuration－Configuration
Command
SWA [Quidway]sysname SWA
Root [SWA]stp enable
[SWA]stp mode stp
[SWA]stp priority 4096
E0/10 E0/20
[Quidway]sysname SWB
[SWB]stp enable
[SWB]stp mode stp LANA LANB
[SWB]stp priority 8192
E0/10 E0/20
SWB E0/20 E0/10
LANC SWC
E0/24 [Quidway]sysname SWC
[SWC]stp enable
Designated [SWC]stp mode stp
port for LANC
LAND LANE

STP Basic Configuration－Verify STP Global Status
[SWC]display stp
-------[CIST Global Info][Mode STP]-------
CIST Bridge :32768.4c1f-cc45-aace
Bridge Times :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MaxHop 20
CIST Root/ERPC :4096.4c1f-cc45-aacc / 10000
CIST RegRoot/IRPC :32768.4c1f-cc45-aace / 0
CIST RootPortId :128.25
BPDU-Protection :Disabled
CIST Root Type :Secondary root
TC or TCN received :125
TC count per hello :0
STP Converge Mode :Normal
Share region-configuration :Enabled
Time since last TC :2 days 1h:56m:15s

STP Basic Configuration－Verify STP Port
Information
[SWC]display stp interface Ethernet 0/20
----[Port20(Ethernet0/20)][FORWARDING]----
Port Protocol :Enabled
Port Role :Root Port
Port Priority :128
Port Cost(Dot1T ) :Config=auto / Active=199999
Designated Bridge/Port :0.4c1f-cc45-aacc / 128.20
Port Edged :Config=default / Active=disabled
Point-to-point :Config=auto / Active=true
Transit Limit :147 packets/hello-time
Protection Type :None
Port STP Mode :STP
Port Protocol Type :Config=auto / Active=dot1s
PortTimes :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s RemHop 0
TC or TCN send :1
TC or TCN received :52
BPDU Sent :2
TCN: 1, Config: 1, RST: 0, MST: 0
BPDU Received 0, :175898 MST: 0
TCN: Config: 175898, RST: 0,


Possible Temporary Loop
SWA SWB
Root
E0/1
LANB
Designated port
E0/2
New Alternate port

LANC Continue forwarding
LANA
temporarily
Root port
E0/1
New designated
E0/2
LAND port
New Root
SWC SWD
Alternate port
New root port

RSTP
 STP
 A port needs to wait for a period equal to two times the
Forward Delay before transitioning from a blocked status
into a forwarding status
 RSTP （Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol）

 Fast convergence

VLAN Communication Issues
SWA
Root
E0/10 E0/20
Permit VLAN10, 20
Permit VLAN10, 20
Blocked Port
E0/10 E0/20
SWB E0/20 E0/10
SWC
Permit VLAN10
VLAN10 E0/24 VLAN20
VLAN20 VLAN10
Host in VLAN20
can’t communicate
LAND LANE

The Second Problem of STP
 In the event that VLANs are used to logically segment the

network and STP may result in the loss of VLAN connectivity
due to port blocking.
 How can we ensure that all VLANs maintain connectivity as
well as maintain a loop free network?

Summary
 How does STP converge to prevent

switching loops in the network?
 How does STP resolve the problem of
temporary loops?

VRRP Principles and
Configuration
www.huawei.com

This course will introduce the principles
and configuration for the Virtual Router
Redundancy Protocol (VRRP).
VRRP describes a protocol that supports
dynamic gateway election, through election
of a Master from a group of VRRP routers,
the Master will associate with a virtual
router and be identified as redundant
gateway for a network.

Upon completion of this section, you should
expect to:
 Understand the principles of VRRP
 Acquire the skills to configure VRRP
on the VRP platform

Why need VRRP ?
Only one gateway,
no redundancy
Internet
RTA
10.1.1.254/24
Ethernet
PCA PCB PCC PCD
10.1.1.1/24 10.1.1.2/24 10.1.1.3/24 10.1.1.4/24

10.1.1.254 10.1.1.254 10.1.1.254 10.1.1.254

What is VRRP？
Internet
RTA
Virtual RTB
Router
10.1.1.251/24 E0/0 10.1.1.254 E0/0 10.1.1.252/24
Ethernet
PCA PCB PCC PCD
10.1.1.1/24 10.1.1.2/24 10.1.1.3/24 10.1.1.4/24

10.1.1.254 10.1.1.254 10.1.1.254 10.1.1.254

Virtual Router－ Virtual Router ID and Virtual IP Address
on RTA,
Virtual Router ID is 1,
Virtual IP address:
10.1.1.254
On RTB, the Virtual

Router ID and Virtual IP
address should be the
same as that of RTA.

Ping Virtual IP Address
Enabling Virtual IP
address reachable
Indicating the
reachability of Virtual
IP Address

Electing the Master based on Priority
Internet
Backup Master
Virtual
RTA RTB
Router
10.1.1.251/24 E0/0 10.1.1.254 E0/0 10.1.1.252/24
Priority = 100 Priority = 200
Ethernet
PCA PCB PCC PCD
10.1.1.1/24 10.1.1.2/24 10.1.1.3/24 10.1.1.4/24

10.1.1.254 10.1.1.254 10.1.1.254 10.1.1.254

Electing the Master based on Priority
The Master has higher

priority value
The Backup has

lower priority value

Special Priority Value - 255
Internet
IP Address Owner
RTA
Virtual
RTB
Router
10.1.1.254/24 E0/0 10.1.1.254 E0/0 10.1.1.252/24
Ethernet
PCA PCB PCC PCD
10.1.1.1/24 10.1.1.2/24 10.1.1.3/24 10.1.1.4/24

10.1.1.254 10.1.1.254 10.1.1.254 10.1.1.254

Special Priority Value - 255
The Run Priority is 255,

since this router is the
IP address owner.
RTB is the Backup router

although its configured
priority is higher.

Special Priority Value - 0 Deleting VRRP
configuration to stop
running VRRP
The priority value 0 indicates

that the current Master has
stopped running VRRP.

Configuring Single Virtual Router - Physical
Topology
Internet
Backup Master
Virtual
RTA RTB
Router
10.1.1.251/24 E0/0 10.1.1.254 E0/0 10.1.1.252/24
Ethernet
PCA PCB PCC PCD
10.1.1.1/24 10.1.1.2/24 10.1.1.3/24 10.1.1.4/24

10.1.1.254 10.1.1.254 10.1.1.254 10.1.1.254
Configuring Single Virtual Router - RTA
<Quidway>system-view
[Quidway]sysname RTA
Configuring the interface’s
[RTA] physical IP address
[RTA]interface Ethernet 0/0
[RTA-Ethernet0/0]ip address 10.1.1.251 24
[RTA-Ethernet0/0]
[RTA-Ethernet0/0]vrrp vrid 1 virtual-ip 10.1.1.254
[RTA-Ethernet0/0]quit
[RTA]
Creating a Virtual Router: VRID is 1,

Virtual IP Address is 10.1.1.254

Configuring Single Virtual Router - RTB
[Quidway]sysname RTB
The same VRID and
[RTB] Virtual IP Address as
[RTB]interface Ethernet 0/0 RTA
[RTB-Ethernet0/0]ip address 10.1.1.252 24
[RTB-Ethernet0/0]
[RTB-Ethernet0/0]vrrp vrid 1 virtual-ip 10.1.1.254
[RTB-Ethernet0/0]
[RTB-Ethernet0/0]vrrp vrid 1 priority 200
[RTB-Ethernet0/0]quit
[RTB]
Configuring the Priority of
Virtual Router 1 as 200

Configuring Multiple Virtual Routers-Physical Topology
Internet
The Master The Master
of VR1 of VR2
RTA VR 1 VR 2 RTB
10.1.1.251/24 E0/0 10.1.1.100 10.1.1.200 E0/0 10.1.1.252/24
Ethernet
PCA PCB PCC PCD
10.1.1.1/24 10.1.1.2/24 10.1.1.3/24 10.1.1.4/24

10.1.1.100 10.1.1.100 10.1.1.200 10.1.1.200

Configuring Multiple Virtual Routers - RTA
[RTA]
[RTA-Ethernet0/0]
The Priority of
[RTA-Ethernet0/0] VRID 1 is 200
[RTA-Ethernet0/0]vrrp vrid 1 priority 200
[RTA-Ethernet0/0]
[RTA]

Configuring Multiple Virtual Routers - RTB
[RTB]
[RTB]interface Ethernet 0/0
[RTB-Ethernet0/0]
[RTB-Ethernet0/0]
The Priority of
[RTB-Ethernet0/0]
[RTB-Ethernet0/0]vrrp vrid 2 priority 200 VRID 2 is 200
[RTB-Ethernet0/0]quit
[RTB]

Configuring Tracking Up-link Interface- Physical
Topology
Internet
Backup Master
E1/0 E1/0
RTA VR 1 RTB
10.1.1.251/24 E0/0 10.1.1.254 E0/0 10.1.1.252/24
Ethernet
PCA PCB PCC PCD
10.1.1.1/24 10.1.1.2/24 10.1.1.3/24 10.1.1.4/24

10.1.1.254 10.1.1.254 10.1.1.254 10.1.1.254
Configuring Tracking Up-link Interface - RTA
[RTA]

VR 1 has the default
Priority value – 100.
[RTA-Ethernet0/0]
[RTA]

Configuring Tracking Up-link Interface - RTB
[RTB]
[RTB]interface Ethernet 0/0

[RTB-Ethernet0/0]
[RTB-Ethernet0/0] If E1/0 is down,
[RTB-Ethernet0/0]vrrp vrid 1 priority 200 the Priority of Virtual Router 1
[RTB-Ethernet0/0] is reduced by 150 to 50.
[RTB-Ethernet0/0]vrrp vrid 1 track Ethernet 1/0 reduced 150
[RTB-Ethernet0/0]
[RTB]

Configuring Tracking Up-link Interface－Checking
VRRP State
The Run Priority is 50

if Ethernet1/0 is down
Tracking Ethernet1/0

Summary
 Why is VRRP needed ？

 What is VRRP？
 How can a Virtual Router be identified？
 How is the Master elected？
 What are the special priority values？
 How is a Single Virtual Router configured？
 How are Multiple Virtual Routers configured？
 How does the tracking of an up-link
interface support VRRP operation?

Thank You
www.huawei.com

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VLAN Routing

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. All rights reserved

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.. All rights reserved Page 2

 Understand VLAN routing

 Acquire knowledge necessary to

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.. All rights reserved Page 3

Chapter 2 VLAN Routing Configuration

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.. All rights reserved Page 4

VLAN 100 VLAN 200

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.. All rights reserved Page 5

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.. All rights reserved Page 6

 VLANs are configured on layer 2 switches, and each VLAN

VLAN 200 Ethernet0

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.. All rights reserved Page 7

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.. All rights reserved Page 8

VLAN 100 VLAN 200

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.. All rights reserved Page 9

VLAN100 VLAN200 VLAN300

10.110.0.113/24 10.110.1.69/24 10.110.1.88/24 10.110.2.200/24

GW:10.110.0.254 GW:10.110.1.254 GW:10.110.1.254 GW:10.110.2.254

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.. All rights reserved Page 10

Chapter 2 VLAN Routing Configuration

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.. All rights reserved Page 11

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.. All rights reserved Page 12

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[RTA]interface ethernet 0/1.1

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.. All rights reserved Page 14

 Using the ping command, host 192.168.10.10 in VLAN100 can verify

Pinging 192.168.20.20 with 32 bytes of data:

Reply from 192.168.20.20: bytes=32 time=2ms TTL=254

Ping statistics for 192.168.20.20:

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.. All rights reserved Page 15

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[SWA]interface vlanif 100

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 Host 192.168.10.10 in VLAN100 ping host 192.168.20.20 in VLAN200

Pinging 192.168.20.20 with 32 bytes of data:

Reply from 192.168.20.20: bytes=32 time=2ms TTL=254

Ping statistics for 192.168.20.20:

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.. All rights reserved Page 18

 What is the purpose of VLAN routing?

 What methods can be used to

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.. All rights reserved Page 19

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. All rights reserved

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.. All rights reserved Page 21

 Understand the purpose of STP

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.. All rights reserved Page 22

Chapter 2 STP Convergence Process

Chapter 3 STP Configuration

Chapter 4 STP Behavioral Limitations

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.. All rights reserved Page 23

Destination MAC Destination

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.. All rights reserved Page 24

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Wrong destination port

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Chapter 2 STP Convergence Process