József Wildt International Mathematical Competition

The Edition XXIXth , 2019 1

The solution of the problems W.1 - W.70 must be mailed before 26. October 2019, to Mihály Bencze,
str. Hărmanului 6, 505600 Săcele - Négyfalu, Jud. Braşov, Romania, E-mail: [email protected];
[email protected]

W1. The Pell numbers Pn satisfy P0 = 0, P1 = 1, and Pn = 2Pn−1 + Pn−2 for n ≥ 2. Find
∞  
X 1 1 2
arctan + arctan arctan .
n=1
P2n P2n+2 P2n+1

Ángel Plaza

W2. If 0 < a ≤ c ≤ b then:

(b30 − a30 )(b30 − c30 ) (b25 − a25 )(b25 − c25 ) (b30 − a30 )(b30 − c30 )
≤ ≤
36b10 25 36(ac)5

Daniel Sitaru

W3. Compute
π
Z4
cos x + 1 − x2
√ dx
(1 + x sin x) 1 − x2
−π
4

D.M. Bătineţu-Giurgiu and Stanciu Neculai

W4. If x, y, z, t > 1 then:

 2  2  2  2 1
logzxt x + logxyt y + logxyz z + logyzt t >
4
Daniel Sitaru

W5. Let n ≥ 1. Find a set of distincts real numbers (xj )1≤j≤n such that for any bijections
2 2
f : {1; 2; ...; n} → {1; 2; ...; n} the matrix xf (i,j) 1≤i,j≤n is invertible.

Moubinool Omarjee

W6. Compute
π
Z4
(1 + ln x) cos x + x sin x ln x
dx
π
cos2 x + x2 ln2 x
6

D.M. Bătineţu-Giurgiu and Stanciu Neculai

1 Received15.03.2019
2000 Mathematics Subject Classification. 11-06.
Key words and phrases. Contest.
W7. If
n Z 1
!
X k
10 8 −1
Ωn = (2x + 3x + 1) · cos (kx)dx
1
k=1 −k

then find:

Ω = lim (Ωn − π · Hn )
n→∞

Daniel Sitaru
n
1
W8. Let (an )n≥1 be a positive real sequence given by an = Compute
P
k.
k=1
n  √
X p 2 
2k
lim e−2an k! + 2(k+1)
(k + 1)!
n→∞
k=1

where we denote by [x] the integer part of x.

D.M. Bătineţu-Giurgiu and Stanciu Neculai

W9. Let α > 0 be a real number. Compute the limit of the sequence {xn }n≥1 defined by
 n  
 X sinh k , n > 1 ;

xn = n2 α .
 k=1
n ≤ α1

0,

José Luis Díaz-Barrero

R ∞  sin t 
W10. If si(x) = − x t dt; x > 0 then:

e2  e4 
1 1
Z  Z 
(si(e4 x) − si(e3 x) dx = (si(e2 x) − si(ex) dx
e x 3 x

Daniel Sitaru
√ n
W11. Let (sn )n≥1 be a sequence given by sn = −2 n + √1 with lim sn = s = Ioachimescu
P
k n→∞
k=1
constant and (an )n≥1 , (bn )n≥1 be a positive real sequences such that
an+1 ∗ bn+1 ∗
lim = a ∈ R+ , lim √ = b ∈ R+
n→∞ nan n→∞ bn n

Compute
√
n
a n bn
lim (1 + esn − esn+1 )
n→∞

D.M. Bătineţu-Giurgiu and Stanciu Neculai

W12. If 0 < a < b then: a+b

(tan−1 t)dt
R 2
a 1
Rb <
(tan −1
t)dt 2
a

Daniel Sitaru
W13. Let a, b and c be complex numbers such that abc = 1. Find the value of the cubic root of
 
 b + n3 c n(c − b) n2 (b − c)
 2
n (c − a) c + n3 a n(a − c) 

 n(b − a) n2 (a − b) a + n3 b 

José Luis Díaz-Barrero

W14. If a, b, c > 0; ab + bc + ca = 3 then:
√
3
√
3
4(tan−1 2)(tan−1 ( abc)) ≤ π tan−1 (1 + abc)

Daniel Sitaru
W15. It is possible to partition the set {100, 101, . . . , 1000} into two subsets so that for any two
√
distinct elements x and y belonging to the same subset 3 x + y is irrational?

José Luis Díaz-Barrero

W16. If f : [a, b] → (0, ∞); 0 < a ≤ b; f derivable; f ′ continuous then:
Z b ′ p
f (x) f (x) −1 f (b) − f (a)
 
dx ≤ tan
a f 3 (x) + 1 1 + f (a)f (b)

Daniel Sitaru
 n
1 1/n
W17. Let fn = 1+((2n − 1)!!Fn ) . Find lim (fn+1 − fn ) where Fn denotes the nth
n n→∞
Fibonacci number (given by F0 = 0, F1 = 1, and by Fn+1 = Fn + Fn−1 for all n ≥ 1.

Ángel Plaza
W18. Let {ck }k≥1 be a sequence with 0 ≤ ck ≤ 1, c1 6= 0, α > 1. Let Cn = c1 + . . . + cn . Prove

C1α + . . . + Cnα
lim =0
n→∞ (C1 + . . . + Cn )α

Perfetti Paolo
W19. Let {Fn }n∈Z and {Ln }n∈Z denote the Fibonacci and Lucas numbers, respectively, given by

Fn+1 = Fn + Fn−1 and Ln+1 = Ln + Ln−1 for all n ≥ 1,

with F0 = 0, F1 = 1, L0 = 2, and L1 = 1. Prove that for integers n ≥ 1 and j ≥ 0
(
Pn 0, if n is even
(i) k=1 Fk±j Lk∓j = F2n+1 − 1 + .
(−1)±j F±2j , if n is odd

Pn F4n+2 −1−nL4j
(ii) k=1 Fk+j Fk−j Lk+j Lk−j = 5 .

Ángel Plaza
W20. i). Let G be a (4, 4) unoriented graph, 2-regulate, containing a cycle with the length 3. Find the
characteristic polynomial PG (λ) , its spectrum Spec (G) and draw the graph G.
ii). Let G′ be another 2-regulate graph, having its characteristic polynomial PG′ (λ) = λ4 − 4λ2 + α,
α ∈ R. Find the spectrum Spec(G′ ) and draw the graph G′ .
iii). Are the graphs G and G′ cospectral or isomorphic?

Laurenţiu Modan
W21. Let f be a continuously differentiable function on [0, 1] and m ∈ N. Let A = f (1) and let
R1 1
B = 0 x− m f (x)dx. Calculate
1 n
km (k − 1)m (k − 1)m
Z X
lim n( f (x)dx − ( m− )f ( ))
n→∞ 0 n nm nm
k=1

in terms of A and B.

Li Yin
W22. Let A and B the series:
X Γ n+ 1


1
X C2n 2

A= 1 + ... + C 2n , B = .
C 0 + C2n
n>0 2n 2n n>0
Γ n + 25
A
Study if B is irrational number.

Laurenţiu Modan
W23. If b, c are the legs, and a is the hypotenuse of a right triangle, prove that
√
 
1 1 1
(a + b + c) + + ≥5+3 2
a b c

Ovidiu Pop
W24. If a, b, c > 0, prove that
a b c a+b b+c c+a
+ + ≥ + +
b+c c+a a+b a + b + 2c b + c + 2a c + a + 2b
Ovidiu Pop
W25. Let xi , yi , zi , ωi ∈ R+ , i = 1, 2 · · · n, such that
n
X n
X n
X
xi = nx, yi = ny, ωi = nω
i=1 i=1 i=1
Xn
Γ(zi ) > Γ(ωi ), Γ(zi ) = nΓ∗ (z).
i=1

Then
n
X (Γ(xi ) + Γ(yi ))2 (Γ(x) + Γ(y))2
>n .
i=1
Γ(zi ) − Γ(ωi ) Γ∗ (z) − Γ(ω)

Li Yin
W26. Let n ∈ N, n ≥ 2, a1 , a2 , ..., an ∈ R and an = max {a1 , a2 , ..., an }
a). If tk , t′k ∈ R, k ∈ {1, 2, ..., n} , tk ≤ t′k , for any k ∈ {1, 2, ..., n − 1} and
n
X n
X
tk = t′k
k=1 k=1

prove that
n
X n
X
tk a k ≥ t′k ak
k=1 k=1

b). If bk , ck ∈ ∗
R+ , k ∈ {1, 2, ..., n} , bk ≤ ck for any k ∈ {1, 2, ..., k − 1} and
 b1 · b2 · ... · bn = c1 · c2 · ... · cn
prove that
n
Y n
Y
bakk ≥ cakk
k=1 k=1

Ovidiu Pop and Petru Braica

W27. Find all continuous functions f : R → R such that

Z x
f (−x) + tf (x − t)dt = x, ∀x ∈ R.
0

Ovidiu Furdui and Alina Sîntămărian

W28. In a room, we have 2019 aligned switches, connected to 2019 light bulbs, all initially switched on.
Then, 2019 people enter the room one by one, performing the operation: The first, uses all the switches;
the second, every second switch; the third, every third switch, and so on. How many lightbulbs remain
switched on, after all the people entered ?

Ovidiu Bagdasar

W29. Prove that

Z ∞ ∞
4e4t (3t − 1) + 2e2t (15t − 17) + 18(1 − t) X (−1)k
e3t dt = 12 − 10
0 (1 + e4t − e2t )2 (2k + 1)2
k=0

Perfetti Paolo

W30. a). Prove that  

1
lim n+ − ζ(3) − ζ(5) − · · · − ζ(2n + 1) = 0.
n→∞ 4
b). Calculate
∞  
X 1
n+ − ζ(3) − ζ(5) − · · · − ζ(2n + 1) .
n=1
4

Ovidiu Furdui and Alina Sîntămărian

W31. Let a, b ∈ Γ, a < b and the differentiable function f : [a, b] → Γ, such that f (a) = a and f (b) = b.
Prove that

Zb
2
(f ′ (x)) dx ≥ b − a
a

Dorin Mărghidanu

W32. Let uk , vk , ak and bk be non-negative real sequences such as uk > ak and vk > bk , where
k = 1, 2, . . . , n. If 0 < m1 ≤ uk ≤ M1 and 0 < m2 ≤ vk ≤ M2 , then

n n
!1/2 n
!1/2
X X X
u2k a2k vk2 b2k



(ℓuk vk − ak bk ) ≥ − − , (1.1)
k=1 k=1 k=1
where
M 1 M 2 + m1 m2
ℓ= . (1.2)
2(m1 M1 m2 M2 )1/2
Chang-Jian Zhao and Mihály Bencze
W33. Let 0 < 1q ≤ p1 < 1 and p1 + 1q = 1. Let uk , vk , ak and bk be non-negative real sequences such as
u2k > apk and vk > bqk , where k = 1, 2, . . . , n. If 0 < m1 ≤ uk ≤ M1 and 0 < m2 ≤ vk ≤ M2 , then

n
!1/p
X
ℓp (uk + vk )2 − (ak + bk ) p


≥
k=1

n
!1/p n
!1/p
apk ) bpk )
X X
≥ (u2k − + (vk2 − , (1.5)
k=1 k=1

where ℓ is as in (1.2).

Chang-Jian Zhao and Mihály Bencze

W34. Let a, b, c be positive real numbers and let m, n (m ≥ n) be positive integers. Prove that

an−1 bn−1 cm−n−1 bn−1 cn−1 am−n−1

+ +
am+n + bm+n + an bn cm−n bm+n + cm+n + bn cn am−n
cn−1 an−1 bm−n−1 1
+ m+n m+n n n m−n
≤
c +a +a a b abc
Dorin Mărghidanu and Kunihiko Chikaya
W35. Calculate

n2 +n
n! 1 + n1
lim .
n→∞ nn+1/2
Arkady Alt
W36. For any a, b, c > 0 and for any n ∈ N ∗ , prove the inequality
 a n  n  c n
b a b c
(a − b) + (b − c) + (c − a) ≥ (a − b) + (b − c) + (c − a)
b c a b c a
Dorin Mărghidanu
W37. For real a > 1 find
v
u n
uY

lim t
n
a − a1/k .
n→∞
k=2

Arkady Alt
W38. Let a, b, c be the sides of an acute triangle ∆ABC , then for any x, y, z ≥ 0, such that

xy + yz + zx = 1,
holds inequality:

a2 x + b2 y + c2 z ≥ 4F,
where F is the area of the triangle ∆ABC.

Arkady Alt
W39. Let u, v, w complex numbers such that:

u + v + w = 1, u2 + v 2 + w2 = 3, uvw = 1
Prove that
a). u, v, w are distinct numbers two by two
b). if S (k) := uk + v k + wk , then S (k) is an odd natural number
c). the expression

u2n+1 − v 2n+1 v 2n+1 − w2n+1 w2n+1 − u2n+1

+ +
u−v v−w w−u
is an integer number.

Dorin Mărghidanu
W40. Let fn be n − th Fibonacci number defined by recurrence fn+1 − fn − fn−1 = 0, n ∈ N and initial
conditions f0 = 0, f1 = 1. Prove that for any n ∈ N

(n − 1) (n + 1) (2nfn+1 − (n + 6) fn )
is divisible by 150 for any n ∈ N.

Arkady Alt
W41. For n ∈ N, consider in R3 the regular tetrahedron with vertices O(0, 0, 0), A(n, 9n, 4n),
B(9n, 4n, n) and C(4n, n, 9n). Show that the number N of points (x, y, z), (x, y, z ∈ Z) inside or on the
boundary of the tetrahedron OABC is given by

343n3 35 7
N= + n2 + n + 1.
3 2 6
Eugen J. Ionascu
W42. For p, q, l strictly positive real numbers, consider the following problem: for y ≥ 0 fixed,
determine the values x ≥ 0 such that xp − lxq ≤ y. Denote by S(y) the set of solutions of this problem.
1
Prove that if one has p < q, ε ∈ (0, l p−q ), 0 ≤ x ≤ ε and x ∈ S(y), then
1 1
x ≤ ky δ , where k = ε(εp − lεq )− p and δ = .
p
József Kolumbán
W43. Consider the sequence of polynomials P0 (x) = 2, P1 (x) = x and Pn (x) = xPn−1 (x) − Pn−2 (x) for
n ≥ 2. Let xn be the greatest zero of Pn in the the interval |x| ≤ 2. Show that
Z 2
π3
 
2 2
lim n 4 − 2π + n Pn (x)dx = 2π − 4 − .
n→∞ xn 12
Eugen J. Ionascu
W44. We consider a natural number n, n ≥ 2 and the matrices
 
1 2 3 ... n
 n
 1 2 ... n − 1 

A=  n − 1 n 1 ... n − 2 

 ... ... ... ... ... 
2 3 4 ... 1
Show that:

εn det In − A2n + εn−1 det ε · In − A2n + εn−2 det ε2 · In − A2n + ...

+ det εn · In − A2n =

2n2 −4n 
nn (n + 1)
   
n−1 2n n 2n
= n (−1) 1 + (n + 1) 2n + (−1)
2 n
where ε ∈ C\R, εn+1 = 1.
Stănescu Florin
W45. Consider the complex numbers a1 , a2 , ..., an , n ≥ 2. Which have the following properties:
n
a). |ai | = 1, (∀) i = 1, n; b). argak ≤ π
P
k=1
Show that the inequality
 n 
  π −1 X  
2 k 2
n cot (−1) 3n − (8k + 5) n + 4k (k + 1) σk  ≥

2n

 
k=0
s 2  n 
1 2
π  X
k

≥ 1+ cot + 16  (−1) · σk  ,
 
n 2n  
k=0

where σ0 = 1, σk =
P
ai1 ai2 ...aik , (∀) k = 1, n.
1≤i1 <i2 <...<ik ≤n

Stănescu Florin
W46. Let x, y, z > 0 such that x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 3. Then
√
3 1 3 1 3 1 π 3
x arctan + y arctan + z arctan <
x y z 2
Marian Cucoaneş and Marius Drăgan
W47. a). If a, b, c, d > 0, show inequality:
  !
2 ad − bc ac + bd
arctg ≥2 1− p
ac + bd (a2 + b2 ) (c2 + d2 )
b). Calculate
 
n
X n2 + k 2 − k
lim nα 
 
n − r  ,

n→∞  
2
k=1 2 2 2
(n + k ) n + (k − 1)

where α ∈ R.
Stănescu Florin
W48. Let f : (0, +∞) → R a convex function and α, β, γ > 0. Then
6α 6β 6γ
1 1 1
Z Z Z
f (x)dx + f (x)dx + f (x)dx ≥
6α 0 6β 0 6γ 0
3α+2β+γ α+3β+2γ
1 1
Z Z
≥ f (x)dx + f (x)dx+
3α + 2β + γ 0 α + 3β + 2γ 0
 2α+β+3γ
1
Z
+ f (x)dx (1)
2α + β + 3γ 0

Marius Drăgan
W49. Let a, b, c ∈ (0, +∞) . Then the following inequality is true:
p p p
(a + b) (b + c) + (b + c) (c + a) + (c + a) (a + b) + a + b + c ≤
 
1 1 1
≤ (ab + bc + ca) √ +√ +√
ab bc ca

Mihály Bencze and Marius Drăgan

W50. Let x, y, z > 0, λ ∈ (−∞, 0) ∪ (1, +∞) such that x + y + z = 1. Then

!λ
X
λ λ
X 1 1 1X 1
x y 2λ
≥9 − 2
(x + y) 4 9 (x + 1)

Marius Drăgan and Sorin Rădulescu

W51. Let a, b, c, d, e be real strictly positive real numbers such that abcde = 1. Then is true the
following inequality:
de ea ab bc cd 5
+ + + + ≥
a (b + 1) b (c + 1) c (d + 1) d (e + 1) e (a + 1) 2

Mihály Bencze and Marius Drăgan

W52. Let f : R → R a periodic and continue function with period T and F : R → R antiderivative of
f . Then

ZT  
(n − 1) T
F (nx) − F (x) − f (x) dx = 0
2
0

Marius Drăgan and Mihály Bencze

W53. Compute
n n+k+1
√ √
1X n + 1 − n+k n
lim √ √
n→∞ n n+k
n + 1 − n+k n
k=1

Marius Drăgan

W54. Let x1 , x2 , ..., xn be a positive numbers, k ≥ 1. Then the following inequality is true:
 k
X
(xk1 + xk2 + ... + xkn )k+1 ≥ (xk+1
1 + xk+1
2 + ... + xk+1 k
n ) +2
 xki xj 
1≤i<j≤n

Marius Drăgan
 n √ √
W55. Let f, g, h : [a, b] → R be n positive numbers such that ai = n. Then
P
i=1
n−1
Y a  a 1
1 i+1 1 n
1+ 1+ ≥1+ P
n
ai an
i=1 ai
i=1

Marius Drăgan

W56. Let f, g, h : [a, b] R, three integrable functions such that:

Zb Zb Zb Zb Zb
2
f gdx = ghdx = hf dx = g dx h2 dx = 1
a a a a a

Then

Zb Zb
2
g dx = h2 dx = 1
a a

Marius Drăgan and Sorin Rădulescu

 
1 √1 1
W57. Let be x1 = √
n+1 and x2 = n+1
for all n ∈ N and f : n+1
∗ √ , 1 → R where
n! (n−1)! (n+1)!
n+1
f (x) = .
x ln (n + 1)! + (n + 1) ln (xx )
Rx2
Prove that the sequence (an )n≥1 when an = f (x) dx is convergent and compute lim an .
x1 n→∞

Ionel Tudor

W58. In the [ABCD] tetrahedron having all the faces acute angled triangles, is denoted by rX, RX
the radius lengths of the circle inscribed and circumscribed respectively on the face opposite to the
X ∈ {A, B, C, D} peak, and with R the length of the radius of the sphere circumscribed to the
tetrahedron. Show that inequality occurs
2 2 2 2
8R2 ≥ (rA + RA ) + (rB + RB ) + (rC + RC ) + (rD + RD )

Marius Olteanu

W59. In the any [ABCD] tetrahedron we denote with α, β, γ the measures, in radians, of the angles of
the three pairs of opposite edges and with r, R the lengths of the rays of the sphere inscribed and
respectively circumscribed the tetrahedron. Demonstrate inequality
 3
3r α+β+γ
≤ sin
R 3
(A refinement of inequality R ≥ 3r).

Marius Olteanu

W60. In all tetrahedron

 ABCD holds  1
n
1 P
(ha −r)2 1
1). (n (n + 2)) n ≤ r2
(hn
a −r ( a
n ) hn+2 −r n+2
)
   n1
1
(2ra −r)2 1
2). (n (n + 2))
P
n
((2ra )n −r n )((2ra )n+2 −r n+2 )
≤ r2
for all n ∈ N ∗ .

Mihály Bencze

W61. If a, b, c ∈ R then
Xq 2
√ X  X q 2 2
(a + c) b2 + a2 c2 + 5  ab ≥ (ab + 2bc + ca) + (b + c) a2 .

Mihály Bencze

W62. Prove that

π
Z2 √
√
1+ 2n+1 2n−1 n! π
(cos x) dx ≤ p
2 (2n + 1)!
0

for all n ∈ N ∗ .

Mihály Bencze

W63. If bk ≥ ak ≥ 0 (k = 1, 2, 3) and α ≥ 1 then

X
(α + 3) (b1 − a1 ) ·
cyclic
 
α+2 α+2 α+1 α+1
· (b2 + b3 ) + (a2 + a3 ) − (a2 + b3 ) − (a3 + b2 ) ≤

α+3
X
(b1 − a1 ) (b2 − a2 ) bα+1 − aα+1


≤ (α + 2) (α + 3) 3 3 + (b3 + b2 + a1 ) +
cyclic

α+3 α+3 α+3 α+3

+ (b3 + a2 + a1 ) + (a3 + b2 + a1 ) + (a3 + a2 + b2 ) − (b3 + b2 + a1 ) −

α+3 α+3 α+3

− (b3 + a2 + a1 ) − (a3 + b2 + b1 ) − (a3 + a2 + a1 )

Mihály Bencze

W64. Prove that exist different natural numbers x,y,z,t for which

256 · 2019180n+1 = 2 · x9 − 2 · y 6 + z 5 − t4
for all n ∈ N.

Mihály Bencze and Chang-Jian Zhao

W65. If a, b, c ≥ 1; y ≥ x ≥ 1; p, q, r > 0 then

p+q+r
1
! 1  ap  q  r
1 + y (ap bq cr ) p+q+r

(ap bq cr ) p+q+r 1 + ya 1 + yb b 1 + yc c
1 · ≥
1 + x (ap bq cr ) p+q+r 1 + xa 1 + xb 1 + xc
p+q
1
! 1
Y 1 + y (ap bq ) p+q (ap bq ) p+q
≥ 1
1 + x (ap bq ) p+q

Mihály Bencze
W66. If 0 < a ≤ b then

√
2 2 b2 − a 2 3
√ arctg 2 2
≤
3 (a + 2) (b + 2)

Zb √
x2 + 1 x2 + x + 1 dx



4 (b − a) 3
≤ ≤ √ arctg
(x3 + x2 + 1) (x3 + x + 1) 3 a + b + 2 (1 + ab)
a

Mihály Bencze

W67. Denote T the Toricelli point of the triangle ABC. Prove that

AB 2 · BC 2 · CA2 ≥ 3 T A2 · T B + T B 2 · T C + T C 2 · T A ·

· T A · T B 2 + T B · T C 2 + T C · T A2

Mihály Bencze

W68. In all tetrahedron ABCD holds

P ha −r P hta −rt P 2ra −r P (2ra )t −rt
1). ha +r ≥ (ha +r)tt
2). 2ra +r ≥ (2ra +r)t
for all t ∈ [0, 1] .

Mihály Bencze

W69. Denote wa , wb , wc the external angle-bisectors in triangle ABC, prove that

r
X 1 (s2 − r2 − 4Rr) (8R2 − s2 − r2 − 2Rr)
≤
wa 8s2 R2 r
Mihály Bencze

W70. If x ∈ 0, π2 then

π

!2 π

!2
sin 2 sin x sin 2 cos x
+ ≥ 3.
sin x cos x

Mihály Bencze