9 week:: Molecular Biology of Bacteria (의 분자생물학)
9 week:: Molecular Biology of Bacteria (의 분자생물학)
9 week:: Molecular Biology of Bacteria (의 분자생물학)
Chapter 6.
Molecular Biology of Bacteria
(Bacteria의 분자생물학)
Chapter 6
Chapter 7
(12th Edition)
Molecular Biology of Bacteria
(Bacteria 의 분자생물학)
Genes and Gene Expression
(유전자와 유전자 발현)
• Functional unit of genetic information is the gene 유전자, 유전정보의 기능적
단위
• Genes in cells, composed of DNA
• Three informational macromolecules in cell
– DNA, RNA, Protein
• Genetic information flow can be divided into three stages
– Replication 복제: DNA is duplicated
– Transcription: information from DNA is transferred to RNA
• mRNA (messenger RNA): encodes polypeptides
• tRNA (transfer RNA): plays role in protein synthesis
• rRNA (ribosomal RNA): plays role in protein synthesis
– Translation: information in RNA is used to build polypeptides
• Central dogma of molecular biology
– DNA to RNA to protein
Genes and Gene Expression
(유전자와 유전자 발현)
• Eukaryotes 진핵생물: each gene is transcribed individually
• Prokaryotes 원핵생물: multiple genes may be transcribed together
Synthesis of the
Informational Macromolecules
DNA Structure
• Inverted Repeats
– Repeated sequence that is arranged in an inverse orientation
• Stem Loops
– Short double-helical regions caused by nearby inverted repeats
– Common in RNA, but not DNA
DNA Structure (DNA 구조)
• Hydrogen bonds between DNA strands hold two strands together
• Adenine–Thymine pair has two hydrogen bonds and Guanine–
Cytosine pair has three hydrogen bonds
– GC pairs are stronger than AT pairs
• High heat breaks hydrogen bonds causing denaturation (melting)
• GC-rich DNA melts at higher temperatures than AT-rich DNA