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Theory Support For Assignment 4: Communication Theory - 1 (EC5.203 - Spring 2020) March 27, 2020

The power spectrum of a digital PAM signal is dependent on both the power spectrum of the information symbol sequence an and the spectrum of the pulse g(t). Specifically, the power spectrum Sv(f) is equal to the product of the power spectrum of the symbol sequence Sa(f) and the squared magnitude of the Fourier transform of the pulse G(f), divided by the symbol period T. In special cases where the symbol sequence is uncorrelated, the power spectrum reduces to being entirely dependent on the spectral characteristics of the pulse g(t).

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79 views2 pages

Theory Support For Assignment 4: Communication Theory - 1 (EC5.203 - Spring 2020) March 27, 2020

The power spectrum of a digital PAM signal is dependent on both the power spectrum of the information symbol sequence an and the spectrum of the pulse g(t). Specifically, the power spectrum Sv(f) is equal to the product of the power spectrum of the symbol sequence Sa(f) and the squared magnitude of the Fourier transform of the pulse G(f), divided by the symbol period T. In special cases where the symbol sequence is uncorrelated, the power spectrum reduces to being entirely dependent on the spectral characteristics of the pulse g(t).

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Theory support for assignment 4

Communication Theory - 1 (EC5.203 - Spring 2020)


March 27, 2020

The power spectrum of a digital PAM signal


Reference: ‘John G. Proakis, Masoud Salehi, Gerhard Bauch’, ‘Contemporary Communication
Systems’, Cengage Learning (2012)

A digital PAM signal at the input to a communication channel is generally represented as


∞
X
v(t) = an g(t − nT ) (1)
n=−∞

where an is the sequence of amplitudes corresponding to the information symbols from source, g(t)
is a pulse aveform. and T is the reciprocal of the symbol rate. Each element of the sequence an is
selected from one of the possible amplitude values which are
Am = (2m − M + 1), m = 0, 1, ..., M − 1 (2)
where d is a scale factor which determines the Euclidian distance between any pair of signal am-
plitudes (2d is the Euclidian distance between any adjacent signal amplitude levels).

Since the information sequence is a random sequence, the sequence an of amplitudes corresponding
to the information symbols from the source is also random. Consequently the PAM signal v(t) is a
sample function of a random process V (t).To determine the spectral characteristics of the random
process V (t) , we must evaluate the power spectrum.

First, we note that the mean value of V (t) is


∞
X
E[V (t)] = E[an ] g(t − nT ) (3)
n=−∞

By selecting the signal amplitudes to be symmetric about zero, as given in (2), and equally prob-
able, we have E(an ) = 0 and hence E[V (t)] = 0.

The autocorrelation function of V (t) is


Rv (t + τ ; t) = E[V (t) V (t + τ )] (4)

It is shown in many standard texts on digital communications that the autocorrelation function is
a periodic function in the variable t with period T . Random processes that have a periodic mean
value and a periodic autocorrelation function are called periodically stationary, or cyclostationary.
The time variable t can be eliminated by averaging Rv (t + T ; t) over a single period; that is,
Z T2
¯ 1
Rv (τ ) = Rv (t + T ; t) dt (5)
T −T2

1
This average autocorrelation function for the PAM signal can be expressed as
∞
1 X
R¯v (τ ) = Ra (m) Rg (τ − mT ) (6)
T m=−∞

where Ra (m) = E(an an+m ) is the autocorrelation of the sequence an and Rg (τ ) is defined as
Z ∞
Rg (τ ) = g(τ )g(t + τ ) dt (7)
−∞

The power spectrum of V (t) is simply the Fourier transform of the average autocorrelation function
Rv (T ); that is,
Z ∞
1
Sv (f ) = R¯v (τ ) e−j2πf τ dt = Sa (f ) |G(f )|2 (8)
−∞ T

where Sa (f ) is the power spectrum of amplitude sequence an and G(f ) is the Fourier transform
of the pulse g(t). Sa (j) is defined as
∞
X
Sa (f ) = Ra (m) e−j2πf mT (9)
m=−∞

From (8) we observe that the power spectrum of the PAM signal is a function of the power spectrum
of the information symbols an and the spectrum of the pulse g(t) . In the special case where the
sequence an is uncorrelated- that is,
(
σa 2 , m = 0
Ra (m) = (10)
0, m=0

where σa 2 = E[a2n ] - it follows that Sa (f ) = σa 2 for all f and

σa 2
Sv (f ) = |G(f )|2 (11)
T

In this case, the power spectrum of V (t) is dependent entirely on the spectral characteristics of
the pulse g(t).

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