The document presents the derivation of an equation for the molar flow of species A across a spherical shell undergoing steady-state diffusion. [1] The derivation starts with the mass balance equation for diffusion in spherical coordinates and substitutes the expression for molar flux. [2] This leads to a second-order differential equation that is integrated twice using boundary conditions at radii r1 and r2 to determine constants of integration. [3] The final result is an equation relating the mole fraction of A as a function of radius, from which the molar flow of A across any spherical surface between r1 and r2 can be calculated.
The document presents the derivation of an equation for the molar flow of species A across a spherical shell undergoing steady-state diffusion. [1] The derivation starts with the mass balance equation for diffusion in spherical coordinates and substitutes the expression for molar flux. [2] This leads to a second-order differential equation that is integrated twice using boundary conditions at radii r1 and r2 to determine constants of integration. [3] The final result is an equation relating the mole fraction of A as a function of radius, from which the molar flow of A across any spherical surface between r1 and r2 can be calculated.
The document presents the derivation of an equation for the molar flow of species A across a spherical shell undergoing steady-state diffusion. [1] The derivation starts with the mass balance equation for diffusion in spherical coordinates and substitutes the expression for molar flux. [2] This leads to a second-order differential equation that is integrated twice using boundary conditions at radii r1 and r2 to determine constants of integration. [3] The final result is an equation relating the mole fraction of A as a function of radius, from which the molar flow of A across any spherical surface between r1 and r2 can be calculated.
The document presents the derivation of an equation for the molar flow of species A across a spherical shell undergoing steady-state diffusion. [1] The derivation starts with the mass balance equation for diffusion in spherical coordinates and substitutes the expression for molar flux. [2] This leads to a second-order differential equation that is integrated twice using boundary conditions at radii r1 and r2 to determine constants of integration. [3] The final result is an equation relating the mole fraction of A as a function of radius, from which the molar flow of A across any spherical surface between r1 and r2 can be calculated.
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SOLUTION
A steady-state mass balance on a spherical shell lead to
d 2 dr ( r N Ar ) =0 Eq. A
We now substitute into this equation the expression for the molar flux NAr, with N set equal to zero, since B is insoluble in liquid A. The molar flux is thus the r component (spherical coordinates) analog of Eq. 18.0-2, which gives upon substitution in Eq. 18.6-26
d 2 cD AB dxA dr r(1−x A dr =0 ) Eq. B
For constant temperature the product c𝒟AB is constant, and Eq. B may be integrated as follows:
d 2 1 dxA dr r ( 1−x A dr =0 ) 1 dxA C 1 ( 1−x A dr ) = 2 r A second integration then gives:
-ln(1-x A(r)) = C1r+C2
The two constants of integration C1 and C2 may be then determined from boundary conditions:
B.C. 1: at r=r1, xA=xA1
B.C. 2: at r=r2, xA=xA2 1 1−x A 2 1 /r −1/ r C1 = 1 2 Eq. C 1−x A 1
1−x A 2 1 /r−1−1/ /r 1
C2= 1 r ¿ 1- x A 1 ¿ 2 Eq. D 1−x A 1
So that from equation Eq. C and Eq. D we get finally,
1−x A (r ) 1−x A 2 11//rr −1
−1/ r 1 /r = 1 2 Eq. E 1−x A 1 1−x A 1
From Eq. E we can then get
4 πcD AB 1−x A 2 W A =4 π cD AB N Ar ¿r =r 1= ln ( ) 1/r 1−1/r 2 1−x A 1 which is the molar flow of A across any spherical surface of radius r between r
