Chapter 3

CHAPTER 3
RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY
Research Methodology is a way to systematically solve the research problem. It may be
understood as a science of studying how research is done scientifically. In other words,
Methodology is the systematic, theoretical analysis of the methods applied to a field of study, or
the theoretical analysis of the body of methods and principles associated with a branch of
knowledge. It typically, encompasses concepts such as paradigm, theoretical model, phases and
quantitative or qualitative techniques.
A Methodology does not set out to provide solutions but offers the theoretical underpinning for
understanding which method, set of methods or so called “best practices” can be applied to a
specific case.
RESEARCH
The word ‘research’ comprises of two words i.e. ‘re’ which means again and the latter i.e.
‘search’ which means to examine closely and carefully or to test and try. Together they form a
careful, systematic, patient study and investigation in some field of knowledge undertaken to
establish principles/ policies.
Research is an art of scientific investigation. Research is a process of analyzing an issue with an

objective in foresight and then using various tools to make the procedure easy and carefully
focusing and collecting the data. The search for knowledge through objective and systematic
method of finding solution to a problem is a research.
Types of Research:-
The research is of following types:-
1. Quantitative Research
2. Basic Research
3. Applied Research
4. Longitudinal Research
5. Qualitative Research
6. Descriptive Research
7. Comparative Research
8. Explorative Research
9. Action Research
10. Explanatory Research
Type Of Research Which I Have Adopted Is Explanatory Research
Exploratory research, as the name implies, intends merely to explore the research questions and
does not intend to offer final and conclusive solutions to existing problems. This type of research
is usually conducted to study a problem that has not been clearly defined yet.Conducted in order
to determine the nature of the problem, exploratory research is not intended to provide
conclusive evidence, but helps us to have a better understanding of the problem. When
conducting exploratory research, the researcher ought to be willing to change his/her direction as
a result of revelation of new data and new insights.
RESEARCH DESIGN
A research design is purely and simply the frame work of plan for a study that guides, the
collection and analysis of the data. Application and specification are the main characteristic in
a research designs. Marketing research designs can be classified on basis of the fundamental
objectives of the research.
DATA
Data are basic values or facts. It is one of the most important and vital aspect of any research
study.
The data is of following 2 types:
 Primary Data :
Primary research consists of a collection of original primary data. It is oftenundertaken

after the researcher has gained some insight into the issue by reviewing secondary
research or by analyzing previously collected primary data. It can be accomplished
through various methods, including questionnaires and telephone interviews in market
research, or experiments and direct observations in the physicalsciences, amongst others.
The term primary research is widely used in academic research, marketresearch and
competitive intelligence.
Methods of collecting primary data:
Primary data are always collected from the source. It is collected either by the investigator
himself or through his agents. There are different methods of collecting primary data. Each
method has its relative merits and demerits. The investigator has to choose a particular method to
collect the information. The choice to a large extent depends on the preliminaries to data
collection some of the commonly used methods are discussed below:
1. Direct Personal observation

2. Indirect Oral Interviews
3. Mailed Questionnaire method
4. Schedule Method
5. From Local Agents
➢ Secondary Data :
Secondary data is data collected by someone other than the user. Common sources of
secondary data for social science include censuses, organisational records and data
collected through qualitative methodologies or qualitative research.
Sources for collection of Secondary data in statistics:

Secondary data are second hand information. They are not collected from the source as the
primary data. In other words, secondary data are those which have already been collected.
Sothey may be relatively less accurate than the primary data. Secondary data are generally used
when the time of enquiry is short and the accuracy of the enquiry can be compromised to some
extent. Secondary data can be collected from a number of sources which can broadly be
classified into two categories:-
 Published Sources:
Mostly secondary data are collected from published sources. Some important sources of
published data are the following.
1. Published reports of Central and State Governments and local bodies.
2. Statistical abstracts, census reports and other reports published by different
ministries of the Government.
 Unpublished Sources:
Statistical data can also be collected from various unpublished sources. Some of the important
unpublished sources from which secondary data can be collected are:
1. The research works carried out by scholars, teachers and professionals.
2. The records maintained by private firms and business enterprises. They may not like to
publish the information considering them as business secret.
3. Records and statistics maintained by various departments and offices of the Central and
State Governments, Corporations, Undertakings etc.
DATA USED:- I have used both type of data i.e primary data for
questionnaire and analysis and secondary data for companies profile and
introduction of the topic.
SAMPLE DESIGN
A sample design is a definite plan for obtaining a sample from the sampling frame. It refers to
the technique or the procedure that is adopted in selecting the sampling units from which
inferences about the population is drawn. Sample design is determined before the collection of
the data.
Sampling Unit :-Rohini, Delhi.
Sampling Method Selected :-Probability Sampling.
Sample Size :-100 Respondents.

Instrument : -Questionnaire.
QUESTIONNAIRE
Consists of no. of questions printed or typed in definite order on a form or a set of forms.
Respondents have to answer the question on their own..
It can be Closed Ended or Open Ended
Open Ended: - Allows respondents to answer in their own words & are difficult to Interpret.
Close Ended: - Pre-specify all the possible answers & are easy to Interpret.
SCOPE OF THE STUDY
For the purpose of the study descriptive research is used, where the data is collected by using
both primary and secondary sources. The sample size of consists of 100 respondents and the
sampling method is probability sampling. The primary information is collected with the help of
questionnaire in order to make appropriate analysis.

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CHAPTER 3

Research is an art of scientific investigation. Research is a process of analyzing an issue with an

Type Of Research Which I Have Adopted Is Explanatory Research

The data is of following 2 types:

Primary research consists of a collection of original primary data. It is oftenundertaken

1. Direct Personal observation

Sources for collection of Secondary data in statistics:

Sampling Unit :-Rohini, Delhi.

Sampling Method Selected :-Probability Sampling.

Sample Size :-100 Respondents.

It can be Closed Ended or Open Ended

SCOPE OF THE STUDY

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