Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 52 views

    WWW Renewablesfirst - Co PDF

    Uploaded by

    Achmad Nur Husaini

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    WWW Renewablesfirst - Co PDF

    Uploaded by

    Achmad Nur Husaini
    52 views1 page

    Original Title

    www_renewablesfirst.co.pdf

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    52 views1 page

    WWW Renewablesfirst - Co PDF

    Uploaded by

    Achmad Nur Husaini

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 1

    This website uses cookies to improve your experience.

    a
    Ucan opt-out if
    We'll assume you're ok with this, but you

    you wish. Accept Read More

    The Hydro and Wind Company


    Securing a clean energy future,
    profitably

    Home » Hydropower » Hydropower Learning


    Centre » How do you connect hydro to the grid?

    How do you connect


    hydro to the grid?
    Without going into the highly complex
    electrical engineering behind this, there are
    two basic ways to connect hydro to the grid:
    using a xed-speed induction generator or via
    a grid-tied inverter.

    Fixed-speed induction generator


    This is the most common method for grid
    connecting hydropower systems and is
    generally used for all turbine types except
    Archimedean Screws, which can use this
    method but can also bene t from using a
    grid-tied inverter because this allows variable-
    speed operation.

    A xed-speed induction generator is


    essentially identical to an induction motor,
    only it spins at above synchronous speed
    because it is being pushed around by the
    turbine, rather than pushing a load around.

    An induction generator is grid-excited, which


    means that the magnetic eld that must be
    created by the generator’s stator windings is
    energised by the grid. This has the advantage
    that by default the electricity generated must
    be perfectly grid-synchronised because the
    grid is providing the excitation. However, this
    does mean that if there is a power cut the
    excitation ceases and the generator stops
    working, so during a power cut the hydro
    system will shut down.

    Grid-tied inverter
    An inverter is a power-electronic device that
    can convert DC electricity into AC. In
    hydropower applications two inverters are
    actually used in this format:

    Generator > inverter-recti er > inverter


    > grid

    This essentially makes the generator


    independent of the grid. The inverter
    connected to the grid is ‘tied’ to the grid,
    which e ectively means it is excited by the
    grid in a similar way to a xed-speed
    induction generator (albeit using power
    electronics and a control system). The inverter
    connected to the generator is controlled by
    the system controller which allows it to
    operate over a range of voltages and
    frequencies, and by doing this the generator
    will spin over a range of speeds – hence is
    ‘variable speed’. Although this means that the
    electricity generated by the generator will be
    at variable-voltage and frequency which is
    completely incompatible with the grid, this
    doesn’t matter because the recti er in-
    between recti es the ‘dirty AC’ from the
    generator to smooth DC, and then the grid-
    tied inverter produces perfect grid-
    synchronised AC electricity.

    Sequence of events to connect


    hydro to the grid
    The following sequence applies broadly to
    xed and variable-speed hydropower
    systems:

    Water inlet to hydro system slowly opens,


    turbine starts to rotate.
    As ow rate through the turbine increases
    the generator begins to excite and produce
    AC electricity, but at a lower voltage and
    frequency than the grid can accept.
    The control system monitors the voltage
    and frequency, and adjusts to ow rate
    through the turbine to make it the same as
    the grid.
    Once within speci cation, the electricity
    waveforms of the generator and grid must
    by synchronised so that they are ‘in phase’;
    this is done by either adjusting the ow
    rate by a tiny amount and waiting, for by
    diverting a small amount of generated
    energy to a dump load.
    Once synchronised, a ‘contactor’ is closed
    (automatically) that directly connects the
    generator (or grid-tied inverter) to the grid
    – it is now ‘grid connected’.

    From this point forward the hydro system is


    controlled by the ow available in the river
    and will generate as much power as possible
    from the available ow.

    Obviously this is quite a simplistic


    explanation, but the process is clear. From a
    technical point of view a variable-speed
    system operates in a slightly di erent way,
    but the principle is the same.

    « Back to Hydro Learning Centre

      

    Are you considering a


    hydropower project ?
    Renewables First have considerable
    experience as a hydro consultant and
    have a full project capability, from initial
    feasibility study through to system
    design and installation.

    The rst step to develop any


    hydropower site is to conduct a full
    feasibility study.

    Contact us about a feasibility study


    today!

    Once complete, you will understand the


    site potential and be guided through the
    next steps to develop your project. You
    can read more about hydropower in our
    Hydro Learning Centre.

    Minimise manual cleaning of your


    intake screen, maximise the nancial
    return of you hydropower system and
    protect sh and eels, with GoFlo
    Travelling Screens. Find out more here.

    « Hydropower
    Hydropower Learning Centre

    How much hydropower power could


    I generate from a hydro turbine?

    How much energy could I generate


    from a hydro turbine?

    How much hydropower income


    would my system provide?

    How much does a hydropower


    system cost to build?

    How much does a hydropower


    system cost to operate?

    What would the hydro return on


    investment be?

    Sources of income for hydro


    turbines

    What makes a good hydro site?

    Can I generate electricity from a fast


    owing river without a fall?

    How long will a hydro project take?

    How long do hydropower


    installations last?

    Will my scheme need an


    environmental licence or planning
    permission?

    How do hydro systems work?

    What is head?

    What is ‘ ow’?

    Head and ow detailed review

    What is a Flow Duration Curve?

    What is the minimum head and ow


    I need?

    Is it worth using a variable speed


    generator for hydropower, or a
    variable-speed Archimedean Screw?

    What is the physical size of


    hydropower systems?

    Can I Consume Energy Onsite?

    Can I generate using an old water


    mill?

    What is the di erence between


    micro, mini and small hydro?

    Are hydro systems sh-friendly and


    will I need a sh pass?

    Which hydro turbine types do we


    supply?

    Is there a hydropower association


    for people interested/involved in
    hydropower?

    How do you connect hydro to the


    grid?

    Can I use hydro o -grid and be


    independent?

    What are the main hydropower


    project risks?

    Cross ow turbines

    Kaplan Turbines

    Archimedean screw hydro turbine

    Pelton and Turgo Turbines

    Company News
    New 700 kW Hydropower Project in
    Remote Scottish Forestry Site
    November 1, 2019

    Case Study: Hydropower refurbishment at


    Pale Hall, Wales
    June 13, 2018

    100 KW Hydropower scheme at Scottish


    Forestry Commission site
    February 25, 2018

    GoFlo Travelling Screens


    The GoFlo travelling screen debris management
    system – high quality, robust and durable with
    sophisticated control and monitoring. Go o – the
    automatic self cleaning travelling screen designed
    by hydro experts to maximise hydropower yield
    and protect eels and sh.

    GoFlo Screens are a sister company to


    Renewables First.

    To nd out more visit the GoFlo Screens Website.

    Associations & Membership

       
    All content © Renewables First 2015

    You might also like