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Reference Slides PDF

The document provides information about digital circuits, including combinational and sequential circuits. It defines combinational circuits as those whose outputs only depend on present inputs, and sequential circuits as those whose outputs depend on present inputs and past states. Examples of combinational circuits discussed include half subtractors and multiplexers. Multiplexers and demultiplexers are defined and their use explained. Design of multiplexers using basic gates and implementation of Boolean functions using multiplexers are covered. Decoder and implementation of full adder using decoder is discussed. Digital to analog and analog to digital converters are introduced along with examples like R-2R ladder DAC, weighted resistor DAC, counter type ADC, and successive approximation ADC.

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79 views49 pages

Reference Slides PDF

The document provides information about digital circuits, including combinational and sequential circuits. It defines combinational circuits as those whose outputs only depend on present inputs, and sequential circuits as those whose outputs depend on present inputs and past states. Examples of combinational circuits discussed include half subtractors and multiplexers. Multiplexers and demultiplexers are defined and their use explained. Design of multiplexers using basic gates and implementation of Boolean functions using multiplexers are covered. Decoder and implementation of full adder using decoder is discussed. Digital to analog and analog to digital converters are introduced along with examples like R-2R ladder DAC, weighted resistor DAC, counter type ADC, and successive approximation ADC.

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Pavithra
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© © All Rights Reserved
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NOTE:

Slides are just for reference, Follow the text book for detailed
study.
K-Map
Practice Problems (Make Groups)
Contd..
How to minimize expressions
using K-Map
F(A,B,C,D) = ∑m(0,2,5,8,10,13) + ∑d(7,15)
F(A,B,C,D) = ∑m(0,2,5,8,10,13) + ∑d(6,7,14,15)
GATE questions
Mapping of Standard POS Form
Digital Circuits
Digital circuits

 Digital circuits can be classified into two types:


 → Combinational digital circuits and
 → Sequential digital circuits.
Combinational digital circuits
 In these circuits “the outputs at any instant of time depends
on the inputs present at that instant only.”
Sequential digital circuits
 Output of the logic device is dependent not only on the
present inputs to the device, but also on past inputs;

 i.e., the output of a sequential logic device depends on its


present state (i.e previous output) and the present inputs.
Half Subtractor
 It is a combinational circuit which is used to perform subtraction
of two bits. It has two inputs, Let X and Y and two outputs
Difference and Borrow.
Multiplexer
 A Multiplexer (or mux) is a device that selects one of
several analog or digital input signals and forwards the
selected input into a single line.

 A multiplexer of 2n inputs has n select lines, which are


used to select which input line to send to the output.
Design the basic gates from 2:1 Multiplexer
Identify the minterms for the following design.

= ∑m(?)
Implement Boolean function F(A, B, C) = ∑m (1,3,5,6) with 4:1 mux.
Demultiplexer
 A demultiplexer (or demux) is a device that takes a single
input line and routes it to one of several digital output lines.

 A demultiplexer of 2n outputs has n select lines, which are


used to select which output line to send the input.

 A demultiplexer is also called a data distributor.


4:1 mux using 2:1 mux
8:1 Mux using 4:1 Mux

S0 S1 S2 F
0 0 0 I0
0 0 1 I1
0 1 0 I2
0 1 1 I3
1 0 0 I4
1 0 1 I5
1 1 0 I6
1 1 1 I7
8:1 Mux using 4:1 Mux only

S0 S1 S2 F
0 0 0 I0
0 0 1 I1
0 1 0 I2
0 1 1 I3
1 0 0 I4
1 0 1 I5
1 1 0 I6
1 1 1 I7
16:1 using 4:1 mux
Decoder
Example: Implement full adder with a decoder.
Digital to Analog Converters
R-2R Ladder
Weighted Resistor TYPE DAC

−𝑅𝑓
Vout = × Vin
𝑅
Analog To Digital Converters
Resolution of ADC
 The resolution of a n-bit analog-to-digital Converter (ADC)
is a function of how many parts the maximum signal can be
divided into. The formula to calculate resolution is 2^n. For
example, a 12 bit ADC has a resolution of 2^12 = 4,096.
Therefore, our best resolution is 1 part out of 4,096, or
0.0244% of the full scale
Counter type ADC
Output waveform of counter type ADC
Successive Approximation Type ADC

Speed :: Medium – Fast


Cost:: Low

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