IJSRD - International Journal for Scientific Research & Development| Vol.

3, Issue 11, 2016 | ISSN (online): 2321-0613

Microcontroller based Elevator Design

Hiren S. Parmar1 Ankur V. Gondha2
1,2
Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
1,2
Dr. Subhash Technical Campus Junagadh (Gujarat), India
Abstract— Now days, we all can see that elevator is used at down and based on that calculation it will give the control
many places like commercial buildings, shopping malls, voltages to the motor unit. And also according to the sensor
hospitals, collages, residential buildings etc. Generally unit, microcontroller will give control voltages to the display
elevator is designed to ferry people or luggage to travel from unit which indicates the position of the elevator.
point A to point B vertically. In this project we made three
floor elevator model. We use 89S51 microcontroller as main
control unit, which control the operation of the whole
circuit. For the movement of elevator we are using 12V D.C.
motor which is interface with 89S51. At every floor we put
H21A1 (optical interrupter switch) sensor which sense the
position of elevator and seven segment display indicate that
right now the elevator is at which floor. Here an idea of
elevator model working principle is presented, which is
microcontroller based application as it is economic, reliable Fig. 1: Block Diagram
and simple design for its general use. B. Sensor Unit
Key words: H21A1 Sensor (Optical Interrupter Switch), The main function of the sensor unit is to give the status of
Microcontroller, L293D D.C. Motor Controller the elevator to the microcontroller so it works as input unit.
For this functioning we are using H21A1 which act as the
I. INTRODUCTION interrupter switch.
With population mounting each day and the combination of The sensors are placed on every floor and when
economical environmental factors are speeding up urban elevator is comes to that floor, it cuts the sensor of that floor.
migration. So cities have no choice, but to expand both So that sensor gives control signal to the microcontroller. So
horizontally and vertically. As the vertical thrust builds up, like this we can get the position of the elevator.
it becomes imperative and crucial to have safe, dependable
C. Call Switch Unit
vertical transposition.
So elevators are deliberately and consciously design The function of the call switch unit is to call the elevator
for lifting heavy language in industries and carrying people from any floor. The call switch is placed on every floor and
from one floor to another floor of multistory buildings by when the user wants to use elevator it will press this call
saving the labor people in reaching the particular floor. switch.
Elevators began as simple rope or chain hoists. An elevator is So like this the switch gives input to the
essentially a platform that is either pulled or pushed up by a microcontroller and according to the input from switch
mechanical means. microcontroller knows where elevator should go!! So it
In many multistory buildings elevators are drives the motor either in forward direction or in reverse
controlled by PC with visual effects for its proper and safe direction.
operation but for small buildings microcontroller elevators D. Key Board Switch Unit
are generally used.
The function of the key-board unit is to tell the elevator that
on which floor the user wants to reach!!
II. OBJECTIVE
When the key board switch from elevator gets
By designing this model we can control the motion of pressed by user, key board units give the appropriate
elevator, using 89s51 controller. As H21A1 sensor gives the command to the microcontroller. And microcontroller drives
position of elevator to the controller, according to current the motor either in forward and reverse direction or like this
position controller drives the motor in upward or downward the user reached to its destination.
direction using L293D motor driver unit and as the elevator
reach at specific floor motor than seven segment display unit E. Motor Driver Unit
shows the current position of floor and motor stops at the The function of the motor driver unit is to drive the motor
desired floor. Now user can apply next command to the either in forward or in reverse direction. For this functioning
controller. we are using the L293D which is dual D.C. motor controller.
The main function of the L293D is to drive the
III. BLOCK DIAGRAM motor in forward or reverse direction without changing the
A. Microcontroller Unit polarity of the supply of the motor. The L293D can also
drive the dual motors simultaneously as per ht requirement
We have used the 89S51microcontoller for controlling the
of the user.
movement of elevator. It is heart of our project. The
microcontroller takes inputs from the different units like, F. Display Unit
keyboard unit, call switch unit, sensor unit. According to that The function of the display unit is to indicate the position of
inputs it will calculate whether elevator should go up or the elevator. We have placed the seven segment display on

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 Microcontroller based Elevator Design
(IJSRD/Vol. 3/Issue 11/2016/056)

each and every floor which continuously displays the By comparing the status of the sensors and the
position of elevator. keyboard switch, microcontroller drives the motor either in
According to the position of the elevator the sensor upward and downward and then microcontroller will
unit gives the command to the microcontroller and so continuous check the sensor of the floor and the keyboard
microcontroller gives command to the display unit. switch was pressed.
When the sensor is cut down, microcontroller will
G. Power Supply Unit
stop the motor. So like this the elevator reached to floor
The power supply unit provides the sufficient power to the where the user wishes.
different units to make it work. The motor driver unit wants
12 volt of supply. The sensor unit & microcontroller unit V. OUTPUT UNITS
wants the exact 5 volt each.
A. Motor Driver Unit
IV. INPUT UNITS The switches are turned on in pairs, either high left and
lower right, or lower left and high right, but never both
A. Sensor Unit
switches on the same "side" of the bridge.
If both switches on one side of a bridge are turned
on it creates a short circuit between the battery plus and
battery minus terminals. If the bridge is sufficiently
powerful it will absorb that load and your batteries will
simply drain quickly. To power the motor, you turn on two
switches that are diagonally opposed.
In the picture to the right, imagine that the high
side left and low side right switches are turned on. The
current flow is shown as arrow. The current flows and the
motor begins to turn in a "positive" direction.
Fig. 2: Operational circuit of H21A1 Sensor
H21A1 is a four terminal device, in this opto LED is used as
emitter and photo transistor is used as detector.
At pin 1 and 2 we are apply 5V supply to the LED
and it emitted light which continuously falls on the BASE of
photo transistor.
1) Normal Condition
Now in the normal condition the phototransistor is in the on
state, so LED which is connected to the pin 3 (collector) is
continuously on. So like this when sensor is in normal
condition it will generate 0 volt to the inverter and inverter Fig. 3: H-Bridge motor drive circuit [8]
will generate 5 volt. If you turn on the high side right and low side left
2) Interrupted Condition switches, current flows the other direction through the motor
Whenever any interrupt is comes in between the emitter and and the motor turns in the opposite direction.
detector at that time light which is falls on the BASE of Inputs
Operation
phototransistor, so emitter and collector of phototransistor A B
get open and phototransistor switch in to cut-off region. 0 0 Motor Stops
This will make the sensor to generate the 5 volt and 0 1 Motor runs anti clockwise
it also given to the inverter which will generate the 0 volt. So 1 0 Motor runs clockwise
like this the switching between the 5 volt and 0 volt the 1 1 Motor Stops
controller will know the position of the elevator. Table 1: Truth table of H-bridge circuit
B. Interfacing of Call Switch Unit Here we are using L293D as a D.C. motor driver. It
is generally known as dual half bridge motor driver.
The call switch is connected to the micro controller. The half bridge can drive the motor forward as well
Whenever the call switch is pressed, first microcontroller as in reverse direction without changing the supply pins. As
will sense the sensors to get the position of the elevator. per our requirement we are using only one D.C. motor which
By comparing the status of the sensors and the call control the movement of elevator. As shown in the truth table
switch, microcontroller drives the motor either in upward and whenever both the inputs of L293D are same at that time
downward and then microcontroller will continuous check motor stop. when input A is 0 & input B is1 motor runs in
the sensor of the floor from where the call switch was forward direction and input A is 1 & input B is 0 motor runs
pressed. When the sensor is cut down, microcontroller will in reverse direction. L293D required 12V as VS and 5V as
stop the motor. So like this the elevator reached to the VSS. Here we are giving the continuous 5V to enable1
caller’s floor. because we required to run motor for whole time.
C. Interfacing of Key Board Switch Unit The output of L293D is12V which drives the motor
The keyboard switch is connected to the micro controller. in forward or reverse direction. Microcontroller checks the
Whenever the switch is pressed, first microcontroller will status of call switch, keyboard switch, sensors and depending
sense the sensors to get the position of the elevator. on that, controller generates 5V which is apply to L293D and
output of L293D drives the motor.

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 Microcontroller based Elevator Design
(IJSRD/Vol. 3/Issue 11/2016/056)

B. Display Unit Budapest University of Technology and Economics,

As display unit, we are using seven segment display which Budapest, Hungary , IEEE conference, Jan. 2007.
shows the position of elevator. We are using common [6] Zhang Yajun, Chen Long,Fan Lingyan,” A Design of
cathode segment for display. In common cathode there are 8 Elevator Positioning Control System Model,” IEEE
LED’s whose cathode are common and connected with int.Conference Neural Networks & Signal Processing,
ground. Zhenjiang,China, IEEE conference, Jun. 2008.
5V input for LED comes from the microcontroller [7] Huseinbegovic S., Kreso S., Tanovic O. “Design and
through transistor BC547 (NPN).In transistor, 5V is implementation of the CAN based elevator control
connected with collector and emitter is connected to the system”, Information, Communication and Automation
anodes of the segment. The data which come from Technologies,2009. XXII Interantional Symposium
microcontroller is given to base of transistor. Depending on [8] http://modularcircuits.com/blog/wp
the status of the port pins of microcontroller appropriate
transistor will get the voltages on the base.
When the base is get the voltages above 0.7v, the
emitter and collector of that transistor will be shorted. So 5v
of the collector will flow through the LED of the segment so
LED will glow.
For example to display the “1” which LEDs of the
segment should glow is controlled by the microcontroller.
Depending on the status of the sensor, microcontroller will
change the status of the port pins. so like this number of the
floor is displayed on the segment.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
No creation exists in void, acknowledgment is mandatory in
the preparation, compilation of any work. We take this
opportunity to acknowledge all, who helped and encouraged
me throughout this work.
We would like to acknowledge Prof. R. B.
Vaghasiya (head of department, Electronics and
communication, Dr. Subhash Technical Campus, Junagadh)
whom we admire the most.
We also thankful to Mr. Mehul Bhalgami from
mechanical workshop, who helps us in preparing the
mechanical model of elevator.
Last but not the least, we would like to convey
gratitude to our institute head Prof. D. D. Patel a source of
inspiration and for giving me continuous encouragement and
motivation which has made my effort a success.

REFERENCES
[1] Helmut Schroeder-Brumloop, Marvin Dehlow, Ingo
Engelhard, Andreas Tutat, “Elevator system and
associated method including power control for
operating an elevator in an emergency mode”, US
Patents, US8631908 B2, Published on Jan 2014
[2] R.K. PATJOSHI, Design and implementation of
embedded based elevator control system, National
Institute of Technology, Rourkela, MT, 2010.
[3] Poorvi Behre, Viveka Nema, and Bhupendra Badoniya,
Congestion-Free Elevator Control Using
Microcontroller, International Journal of Scientific &
Engineering Research Volume 4, Issue 1, January-2013
1, ISSN 2229-5518.
[4] Department Of Measurement and Information Systems,
Microprocessor based elevator controlling system,
version: FLV-V02.1, 1989 (Project report in
Hungarian).
[5] Akos Becker, Department of Electronics Technology,
“Microcontroller based elevator controlling system,”

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