UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN KIMIA

RESERVOIR AND GAS LABORATORY
(CGE617)

NAME : MUHAMMAD SYAZWAN HAZIQ BIN HASHIM

STUDENT NO. GROUP : 2017466078
EXPERIMENT DATE : EH2436A
PERFORMED : GAS CALORIMETER
SEMESTER : April 23, 2020
PROGRAMME / CODE : 6
: CGE617

No. Title Allocated Marks (%) Marks

1 Abstract/Summary 5
2 Introduction 5
3 Aims 5
4 Theory 5
5 Apparatus 5
6 Methodology/Procedure 10
7 Results 10
8 Calculations 10
9 Discussion 20
10 Conclusion 10
11 Recommendations 5
12 Reference 5
13 Appendix 5
TOTAL MARKS 100
Remarks:

Checked by : Rechecked by:

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Date : Date :
ABSTRACT

In this experiment we are going to determine the calorific value of gas. Fundamentally, calorific value
designated the heat or energy consumption by fuel burning. By getting a new information on how the
calorific value affected by the gas parameters, like volumetric rate, gas pressure etc.

These results may bring beneficial studies and can be applied for industrial practice as domestic works to
rise the work efficiency and the heat generation through the efficient process of burning. By using the
greater value of calorific parameters through burning and setting up the parameters which follow the
theory, higher heat generation can be occur.

The results obtain from the experiment also can be added to the scene of practical and get advantages of
it. The value calculated mathematically and theoretically developed apply the empirical calculations. In
the nutshell, the value get by practically can be applied directly in reality scenarios to sharpen the duty of
work.
INTRODUCTION

In chemical or physical process, one of the technique to identify the amount of heat is calorimetry.
Calorimetry was applied as measuring unit to determine the amount of heat transferred to or from a
matter. Thus, the heat exchanged with a calibrated apparatus (calorimeter). The temperature different of
the measuring part of calorimeter is change into the amount of heat (since the before taken calibration was
applied to establish its heat capacity). The measurement of heat transfer by approaching the required
definition of a system (the substance or substances undergoing process of physical chemical different)
and its ambient parameters (the other components of the measurement apparatus that imply to supply heat
to the system or absorb heat from the system). Intel in the heat capacity of the surroundings, carefully
measured of masses of the system and surroundings and their temperatures previous and later the process
permits one to calculate the heat transferred as explained in this paragraph.

A calorimeter is a device applied to figure the amount of heat required in a chemical or physical process.
As an example, when an exothermic reaction happening in solution in calorimeter, the heat generated by
the reaction is absorbed by the solution, which rise the temperature. When an endothermic reaction take
place, the heat needed is absorbed from the thermal energy of the solution, which the temperature fall.
The temperature different, along with the specific heat and mass of the solution, can be utilized to
calculate the amount of heat involve in either case.

The Boys Calorimeter was invented by the late Sir Charles Boys F.R.S as easy but precise device for
discover the calorific values of a huge range of fuel in gaseous phase. The gas for calorimeter is fed via a
Hyde type gas meter, which involve of a specifically designed measuring drum housed in a gas-tight
casing and water-sealing. Basically, only a change of burner will be required to alter to an alternative
range. Considerably far more convenient and improvise in term of accuracy if a “Hyde” Pattern
Volumetric gas meter or other capacity is applied.
THEORY

Calorific value is defined as total energy released when completely combusted with oxygen at standard
condition. (0° ∁, 1 atm)

When we assume the heating value, amount of energy released when burning of the fuel complete is
steady flow process and the products are returned to the state of the reactants.

These are two calorific values are defined according to the state of the water at the combustion products.
1. Lower heating value, lower calorific value – when water in gaseous phase
2. Higher heating value, higher calorific value – when water produce in liquid phase

Heating value (HV) is same to the absolute value of the enthalpy of combustion of the fuel at a specified
state.
HV= |hc|
Common relation of HCV and LCV is
HCV = LCV + (Nhfg)water
With the results of the practical, can be calculate the LCV.
 Gas volume = volume of flow rate x time (cm3)
1000
 Gauge pressure = value x 10 x x cmHg
13600
 Absolute pressure = Gauge pressure + Atmospheric Pressure (cmHg)
P 1 V 1 P 2V 2
 Correction of gas volume (V); =
T1 T2
 Increase temperature = Tout – Tin (K)
 Latent heat (Q) = mass of water x specific latent heat (kJ)
Massof cooling water x specific of heat capacity x temperature increment
 HCV =
volume of fuel used at givencondition
APPARATUS

 Boy’s gas calorimeter

 Water circuit
 Stopwatch
 Manometer
 Constant pressure head

PROCEDURE

1.The top section of the calorimeter was removed, let the gas flow and the burner was lit up.
2.With the apparatus, the constant pressure head was set and the water flow was opened.
3.The stopwatch was set when the change of water direction to gather the water that surrounding
through the apparatus.
4.For 5 minutes, water was gathered that was circulate from the calorimeter.
5.After 5 minutes of collecting water, the temperature readings were taken using thermometer.
6.Volumetric rate was taken using flow meter and readings were calculated with the aid of chart.
7.All the values were jot down and the value of HCV calculated.
RESULTS

Data for L1-Gas Calorimeter

CALCULATIONS

HCV =

mass of cooling water ( kg ) x specific heat capacity ( kJkg . K ) x temperature increment ( K )

volume of fuel used ( m3 )

kJ
Specific heat capacity of water = 4.187
kg . K
For Data 1,
Average temperature of outlet water = 43.55 ° C
Average exhausted gas = 32.6 ° C
27+273.15
Volume flow rate (27° C ) = x 240 cm3 /min
32.6+273.15
= 235.6 cm3/min
Time taken for 1 complete revolution = 8.45 min
Corrected volume (27° C ) = 1990.82 cm3

Cooling water parameters

Volume collected = 3560 mL = 3.56 kg
Temperature = (Inlet = 29.8 + 273.15 = 302.95 K)
(Outlet = 43.55 + 273.15 = 316.7 K)

3.56 x 4.187 x (316.7−302.95) kJ

HCV=
1990.82 x 10−6 m3
kJ
= 102947.53
m3
 kJ
HCV ( )
Data TOUT,AV (° C ¿ TIN,AV (° C) 3
Volume (cm ) Time (min) Mass (kg) m3
1 43.55 22.275 1990.856 8.45 3.56 102947.5
2 42.65 22.325 1290.704 8.52 3.74 155901.7
3 42.1 22.55 1928.49 8.53 3.95 106341.9
4 42.3 23.15 1936.582 8.57 4.13 111616.2

DISCUSSIONS