PROJECT REPORT

1. SYNOPSIS:

Transfer slab is the kind of frame in which upper storey column are directly supports over
these slab or from which picked up columns may be started where there are no columns
underneath. By using these technique overall cost of the building can be reduced and excess
storey can be constructed in the same height of the building due to eliminations of beams and
same columns in the foundations or upper stories. This technique will allow to use more area
with cheaper formwork. The purpose of this project is to get better understanding about the
transfer slab analysis and design using the structural software E-tabs. IS codes like IS456-
2000 are used for guidelines.

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2. INTRODUCTION

In today’s modernizing world construction field has grown a lot and due to this a new
concept of vertical city has been in the limelight for more than 100 years and the design
feature also describe the prosperity and richness of a locality in recent 20 years a new
advanced feature has been involved in design known as transfer slab. It is a planner structure
which reduces the dead weight and also eliminate beams which helps in enhancing floor area.

Transfer slab can be supported on walls or directly over the columns. It mostly act as a
flexural member and design is similar to beams. Transfer slab are economical as they have no
beams and hence reduced the height of the structure by 10-15%. This technique is the one of
the rapidly developing technology in India. Material advanced, Improvement in quality of
construction, easier design and numerical technique has helped a lot in rapid growth in India.

The Transfer slab system is a special structure form of a reinforced concrete construction,
using transfer slab the construction of the building is easier, architectural flexibility,
economical and height of the building can be reduced by eliminating beams. Due to the
absence of deep beams transverse stiffness is low, this cause damage of non-structural
members when subjected to earthquake loads. Transverse slab is the reinforced concrete slab
supported on columns. This type of system is used where more space is required like
auditorium, parking etc. This is more flexible then traditional normal system, in this Transfer
slab with drop and head is good combination to reduce moment with less thickness of the
slab. As a floor system plays an important role in overall cost of the building by reducing
thickness of each structural floor, a post-tensioned floor system is invented which reduces
construction time and cost. Post-tensioned concrete is a method of producing pre-stressed
concrete, masonry and other structural elements the tension pre-stressing which means
including internal force into a concrete. Flat-slab is a slab provided without beam resting
directly on supports like columns or walls.

Design and analysis of transverse slab is difficult to compare to normal building.

Transverse slab is directly supported on concrete column, these are generally employed for
architectural reasons for large rooms like auditorium, showroom, theatre, where column free
space is required, by this system cracks may form in concrete due to bending moment and
shear force develops near the column which causes failure of transverse slab, so need to
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provide drop panel above the column. The loads of the horizontal system i.e., gravity and
dead load is transmitted to the vertical framing system, where vertical framing system are
generally subjected to axial compression. In this process, the floor system is subjected
primarily to flexure and transverse shear, where as the vertical frame elements are generally
subjected to axial compression, often coupled with flexure and shear. RC slabs with long
spans extended over several bays and only supported by columns, without beams known as
transfer slab. transfer slab system is very simple to construct and is efficient in that it requires
the minimum building height for a given number of stories. In general, in this type of system,
100% of the slab load has to be transmitted by the floor system in both directions (transverse
and longitudinal) towards the columns. The construction is simple and economical because of
the simplified form work, the ease of placement of reinforcement. The plain ceiling gives an
attractive and pleasing appearance; in absence of beams, provision of acoustical treatment is
easy. In general transfer slab construction is economical for spans up to 10m and relatively
light loads. Compare to the RCC less self weight, which results in reduced dead load, which
also has a beneficial effect upon the columns and foundations. A transfer slab made of
reinforced concrete slab and it is directly supported by concrete columns and not required to
used intermediate beams.

Fig. Building with Transfer Slab

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Advantages:

Benefits of choosing transfer slab include,

• Minimum depth solution

• Speed of construction

• This type of slab system can withstand vertical as well as lateral loads

• Flexibility in plan layout( both in terms of shape column layout)

• A Flat soffit( clean finishes & freedom of layout of service.)

• Scope & space for using flying forms(helipad)

Disadvantages:

• Due to the absence of deep beams transverse stiffness is low, this cause damage of
non-structural members when subjected to earthquake loads.

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3. OBJECTIVES:

• The aim of our project is to analyze & design a building with transfer slab instead of
conventional building type with regular structural components.

• To analyze structures using structural software E-TABs & later compare the design
results.

• The plan has to abide by all the rules & regulations incorporated in the National
Building Code 2005 building code regulations.

• The structural analysis of building elements that is slabs, beams & columns are to be
calculated according various structural analysis methods in both ways i.e., by
calculating manually & by utilizing the structural software E-TABs.

• The entire quantity estimate of the multi-storied RCC framed structural Residential
flat has to be incorporated.

4. LITERATURE REVIEW:
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1. Mahendra Pratap Singh et al.[1] carried out the project on analysis and design of
residential building with transfer slab. The residential building model is analyzed
using the software STAAD.PRO V8i. IS code like IS 456-2000, ACI-318-08 are used
for guidelines. Analysis and design results of residential building shows that:-

• Transfer slab building structures possesses major advantages over traditional slab-
beam-column structure because of the free design space, shorter construction time,
architectural-functional and economical aspects.

• Because of the absence of deeper beams and shear walls, transfer slab structural
system is significantly more flexible for lateral loads than RC frame system.

• The ductility of these structural system is generally limited by the deformability

capacity of the column-slab connection.

2. Prof. P. S. Lande et al.[2]

An analytical study was conducted to investigate vertical position of transfer slab in

high rise building. A number of building models were analyzed using elastic response
spectrum. The transfer slab system was considered and different level for transfer floor with
respect height to building height was scrutinized.

Following are the conclusions obtained from the study:

• A significant increase in the storey base shear is observed in the building with the
lowest transfer system located at 10% of the total building height.

• It should be noted that the storey shear force experience a significant reduction above
the transfer floor location in all cases due to the sudden reduction in the mobilize
mass.

• The total base shear moment is increase as transfer floor lies at higher level.

3. V. G. Kiran Kumar et al.[3] explained through their paper the use of E-TABS for a
High rise building Load calculation, wind load calculation, seismic load calculation
and the design of a post-tensioned slab can be studied. With the use of Post-tensioning
method, thickness of the slab is reduced. If thickness of slab is reduced, this creates
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chain reaction i.e., number of columns and beams is reducing which leads to the
structure being more economic and eco-friendly.

4. Jnanesh Reddy et al.[4] gave us a comparison between post tensioned & RCC Flat
slab in a Multi-storey post tensioned building. The need of concrete in RCC Flat slab
is comparatively more than PT slab. Cost of steel required is also more than the
combined price of steel and tendons in PT slab construction. Stiffness and strength of
the structure will also be more than that of the RCC Flat slab. As thickness is reduced
in PT slab aesthetic look can be increased and also the structure is lighter as the dead
load gets reduced.

5. Yoshimura & Li et al.[5] recommended that the sudden change in lateral stiffness at
the transfer floor from stiff shear wall structure to relative column system may create
a weak storey mechanism & violates the design concept of strong column weak beam.

6. Li et al. Quantified the performance of transfer slab in high rise building using
pseudo dynamic test, the 18 storey building with transfer plate is tested in this study &
concluded that shear wall remains elastic throughout loading history, whereas transfer
plate is severely damaged when subjected to dynamic loading. Main damage occurred
at transfer plate. So, transfer plate may have sufficient strength to resist possible
earthquake actions.

7. Y.M. ABDLEBASSET ET AL. carried out the project on High-Rise building with
Transfer floors: Linear versus Nonlinear seismic analysis.

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Numerical seismic analysis for a building with a Transfer floor have been performed.
An equivalent static loading, a response spectrum and a time history were adopted in the
analysis.

The following conclusions are deducted from the current investigations:

• For drift & lateral displacement checks, in case of high rise buildings with transfer
floors, gross inertia may be used in the analysis & yet results reasonable &
conservative values with an appropriate factor of safety.

• For strength design of high rise buildings with transfer floors, cracked inertia
specified by codes of practice, can be used & yet results values with an appropriate
factors of safety.

5. METHODOLOGY:

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With reference to the National building code, plan for the building is made, and
models are made, analysis and design is done in E-TABs.

The design RCC structural elements are carried by considering the minimum
dimension of column , beams& slab. The dimension of column can be 200x300mm
adopted and for beams 200x400 mm by trial and error methods . Later the strength ,
failure criteria are checked by using ETABS. The dimension of RCC structure
elements are designed using MS EXCEL (spread sheet) by considering the various
loads such as Live load, Dead load, Wind load & Seismic load. The design is carried
as per the code , i.e IS:456-2000.

1. Building Details:

• Location of the Building: Bhatakal

• Number of floors: G+6

• Floor to floor distance = 3.6m

• Types of footing: Isolated footing

• Number of Flats in each Floor = 2

• Number of Rooms in Each flat = 3

• Number of Staircase = 1

• Number of lifts = 2

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Fig. Tentative Plan

2. Grade of Materials:

• M30 of Concrete for column

• M25 for Beam & Slab

• M40 for Transfer Slab

• Fe415 grade of steel

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3. Load Consideration:

• Dead Load (IS 875-1987 PART-1)

• Live Load (IS 875-1987 PART-2)

• Wind Load (IS 875-1987 PART-3)

• Seismic Load (IS 1893- PART-1)

4. Load Combination:-

• 1.5(DL+LL)

• 1.2(DL+LL+WL)

5. List of IS code used in Design:

• IS 456-2000 Plain and Reinforced concrete

• IS-SP-16:1980 for RC column design

• IS 875-1987 PART-1 for Dead Load

• IS 875-1987 PART-2 for Live Load

• IS 875-1987 PART-3 for Wind Load

• IS 1893- PART-1 for Seismic Load

6. Software Used:

• AutoCAD: This software is used for drawing different layouts, details, plans,
elevations, and different sections.

• E-TABS: Analysis & design of building with transfer slab is done by using E-
TABS.

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• MS Excel: The dimension of RCC structure elements are designed using MS EXCEL
(spread sheet)

7. Method of Design:

• Using E-TABs software the Residential building with transfer slab is Analyzed and
Designed.

• Manually designing the 1 room span structural elements.

• Comparing the result of theoretical design & software design.

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6. REFERENCE:

[1]. Mahendra Pratap Singh, Analysis & design of Residential building with transfer
slab. IACSIT International Journal of Engineering and Technology. 5:5-8.

[2]. Prof. P. S. Lande , post-tensioned building analysis & design-A case study, civil
engineering department, vidyavardhini college of engineering & technology, Vasai
(March 2018)

[3]. V. G. Kiran Kumar, comparative study of Transfer slab & conventional slab
structure using ETABS for different Earthquake zones of India. International Journal
of Engineering and Technology(IRJET). 1931-1936

[4]. Jnanesh Reddy , Analysis and Design of Transfer slabs using various codes.
International Journal of Engineering and Technology(IRJET). 417-421

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