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Webpage Integration by Parts-1-3

Integration by Parts is a method of integration that is useful when two functions are multiplied together. It involves choosing one function as u and the other as v, then differentiating u and integrating v, and putting them into the integration by parts formula: ∫u v dx = u∫v dx −∫u' (∫v dx) dx. The document then provides an example of using integration by parts to calculate ∫x cos(x) dx, demonstrating the steps of choosing u and v, differentiating and integrating, and putting them into the formula to solve the integral.

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Ahmed Saad Sabit
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127 views3 pages

Webpage Integration by Parts-1-3

Integration by Parts is a method of integration that is useful when two functions are multiplied together. It involves choosing one function as u and the other as v, then differentiating u and integrating v, and putting them into the integration by parts formula: ∫u v dx = u∫v dx −∫u' (∫v dx) dx. The document then provides an example of using integration by parts to calculate ∫x cos(x) dx, demonstrating the steps of choosing u and v, differentiating and integrating, and putting them into the formula to solve the integral.

Uploaded by

Ahmed Saad Sabit
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Integration by Parts

Integration by Parts is a special method of integration that is often useful when two functions are multiplied
together, but is also helpful in other ways.

You will see plenty of examples soon, but first let us see the rule:

∫u v dx = u∫v dx −∫u' (∫v dx) dx


u is the function u(x)
v is the function v(x)

As a diagram:

Let's get straight into an example, and talk about it after:

Example: What is ∫x cos(x) dx ?

OK, we have x multiplied by cos(x), so integration by parts is a good choice.

First choose which functions for u and v:

u=x
v = cos(x)

So now it is in the format ∫u v dx we can proceed:

Differentiate u: u' = x' = 1

∫ ∫
Integrate v: v dx = cos(x) dx = sin(x)   (see Integration Rules )
Now we can put it together:

Simplify and solve:

x sin(x) − ∫sin(x) dx
x sin(x) + cos(x) + C

So we followed these steps:

Choose u and v
Differentiate u: u'

Integrate v: ∫v dx

Put u, u' and ∫v dx into: u∫v dx −∫u' (∫v dx) dx


Simplify and solve

In English, to help you remember, ∫u v dx becomes:

(u integral v) minus integral of (derivative u, integral v)

Let's try some more examples:

Example: What is ∫ln(x)/x2 dx ?

First choose u and v:

u = ln(x)
v = 1/x2

Differentiate u: ln(x)' = 1/x

∫ ∫
Integrate v: 1/x2 dx = x-2 dx = −x-1 = -1/x   (by the power rule )

Now put it together:

Simplify:

−ln(x)/x − ∫−1/x2 dx = −ln(x)/x − 1/x + C


−(ln(x) + 1)/x + C

Example: What is ∫ln(x) dx ?

But there is only one function! How do we choose u and v ?

Hey! We can just choose v as being "1":

u = ln(x)
v=1

Differentiate u: ln(x)' = 1/x

∫
Integrate v: 1 dx = x

Now put it together:

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