Prepared by 2/12/10

SUPER - T, L=30.00m(in) Checked by

Approved by
CONTENT

Design Specification - 22TCN-272-05

- AASHTO-LRFD
Scope of project - Permanent bridge
I. DATA
1. General Information
2. Material
2.1.Concrete
2.1.1.Stress Limit
2.1.2.Poission ratio and modulus of rupture
2.2.Strand
2.2.1.Interior Girder
2.2.2.Exterior Girder
2.3.Reinforcment
II. GEOMETRIC PROPERTIES
1. Section Properties
2. Detail of strands
3. Property and position of sections
3.1.Properties of girder
3.2.Properties of composite section
III. DISTRIBUTION FACTOR OF LIVELOAD
1.Distribution factor of moment
2.Distribution factor of shear force
IV. LOADS AND ACTIONS
1. General concept
2. Moment and shear force ( due to DC, DW )
3. Moment and shear force ( due to LL, IM, PL )
V. LOAD COMBINATIONS
1. General concept
2. Load combinations
VII. CHECK INTERIOR GIRDER
1. Loss of prestress
2. Check stress at jack release
3. Check compressive stress at service limit state I
4. Check tensile stress at service limit state III
5. Check stress range in strands at fatigue limit state
6. Strength limit state
7. Check maximum ratio of reinforcement
8. Check minimum ratio of reinforcement
9. Check shear resistance
10. Check tension in longitudinal reinforcement due to shear
11. Check interface shear reinforcement
12. Check composite slab
13. Check the end of girder
14. Camber and deflection

1
1. General Information
• Total of length L= 30.00 m
• Effective span length Ls = 29.30 m
• Total width of deck B= 12.00 m
• Width of wearing surface on the deck W= 10.00 m
• Height of girder H= 1750.00 mm
• Distance between center of girders S= 2400.00 mm
• Average thickness of C.I.P slab hs = 200.00 mm
• Thickness of wearing surface hw = 70.00 mm
2. Material
2.1.Concrete
3
• Unit weight of asphant concrete, or wearing concrete γc = 22.25 kN/m
3
• Unit weight of reinforcement γc = 24.50 kN/m
a. Slab Concrete
• Concrete strength at 28 days f'cs = 35.00 Mpa
• Stress block factor β= 0.80
• Elastic modulus of concrete at 28 days Ecs = 31750.32 Mpa
b. Girder concrete
• Compressive strength of concrete at 28 days f'c = 50.00 Mpa
• Tensile strength of concrete at 28 days fr = 4.45 Mpa
• Elastic modulus of concrete at 28 days Ec = 37948.89 Mpa
• Ratio of elastic modulus between slab and girder n= 0.84 Mpa
• Compressive strength of concrete at jack release f'ci ≥ 0.80f'c = 40.00 Mpa
• Modulus of elasticity of concrete at jack release Ec = 33942.52 Mpa
2.1.1.Stress Limit
• Compressive stress before all losses f'c = 0.60f'ci = 24.00 Mpa
0.5
• Tensile stress before all losses f'ct = 0.5f'ci = 3.16 Mpa
• Compressive stress at service limit state f'c = 0.45f'c= 22.50 Mpa
0.5
• Tensile stress at service limit state f'ct = 0.5f'c = 3.54 Mpa
• Tensile stress at service limit state (debonding) f'c = 0.00 Mpa
2.1.2.Poission ratio and modulus of rupture
• Poission ratio n= 0.20 Mpa
• Modulus of rupture Gc = E/(2.(n+1)) = 15812.04 Mpa
2.2.Strand
• Strand 15.2 mm, low relaxation strand which complies with : ASTM A416, Grade 270
2
• Cross section area of strand Atps = 140.00 mm
• Unit weight W ps = 1.10 kg/m
• Tensile Strength fpu = 1860.00 Mpa
• Yield Strength fpy = 0.9fpu = 1674.00 Mpa
• Stress Limit before all of losses fpi ≤ 0.75 fpu , fpi ≤ 1395.00 Mpa
• Stress Limit at service limit state fpe ≤ 0.80 fpy , fpe ≤ 1339.20 Mpa
• Modulus of elasticity of strand Eps = 197000.00 Mpa
2.3.Reinforcment
• Complying with TCVN
• Yield strength fy = 400.00 Mpa
• Modulus of elasticity Es = 200000.00 Mpa

2
1.Distribution factor of moment
• Spacing of girders S= 2400.00 mm
• Depth of girder d= 1750.00 mm
• Effective length of span L= 29300.00 mm
• Number of girder Nb = 5 girders
1.1. Interior girder
Strength limit state, service limit state
1.1.1. For one design lane loaded
0.35 2 0.25
Gi = ( S / 910 ) ( S.d / L ) Gi = 0.371
1.1.2. Two or more design lanes loaded
Gi = ( S / 1900 )0.6 ( S.d / L2 ) 0.125 Gi = 0.592
• Conclusion : ( use larger value of 1.1.1 & 1.1.2 ) Gi = 0.592
For fatigue limit state
GF = Gi / 1.2 GF = 0.309
1.2. Exterior girder
1.2.1. For one design lane loaded ( lever rule )
Ge= 1.2(0.5+(S -1800)/2S) Gi = 0.750
1.2.2. Two or more design lanes loaded
• Distance from the ex-web of ex-girder to in-edge of curb de = 374.00 mm
Ge = e.Gi = ( 0.97 + de/8700 ).Gi Ge = 0.599
• Conclusion : ( use larger value of 1.2.1 & 1.2.2 ) Gi = 0.750
2.Distribution factor of shear force
2.1. Interior girder
Strength limit state, service limit state
2.1.1. For one design lane loaded
Gi = ( S / 3050 )0.6 ( d / L ) 0.1 Gi = 0.653
2.1.2. Two or more design lanes loaded
Gi = ( S / 2250 )0.8 ( d / L ) 0.1 Gi = 0.794
• Conclusion : ( use larger value of 2.1.1 & 2.1.2 ) Gi = 0.794
For fatigue limit state
GF = Gi / 1.2 GF = 0.544
2.2. Exterior girder
2.2.1. For one design lane loaded ( lever rule )
Ge= 1.2(0.5+(S -1800)/2S) Gi = 0.750
2.2.2. Two or more design lanes loaded
Ge = e.Gi = ( 0.8 + de/3050 ).Gi Ge = 0.733
• Conclusion : ( use larger value of 2.2.1 & 2.2.2 ) Gi = 0.750

3
 • Position of check section
x
0 1/ 1/ 1/2 X

3.1.Properties of girder

Section 0 1/8 1/4 1/2 X=1.5 m Unit

2
A 0.883 0.643 0.643 0.643 1.637 m
4
Ix 0.053 0.252 0.252 0.252 0.445 m
4
Iy 0.139 0.141 0.141 0.141 0.180 m
4
Ixy 0.000 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.030 m
yb 0.453 0.861 0.861 0.861 0.984 m
yt 0.347 0.889 0.889 0.889 0.766 m
3
Sb 0.116 0.293 0.293 0.293 0.452 m
3
St 0.152 0.284 0.284 0.284 0.581 m

3.2.Properties of composite section

3.2.1. Effective flange width
• Effective span Ls = 29.30 m
• Thickness of web hsb = 225.00 mm
• Width of flange side bst = 1185.00 mm
• Average thickness of deck hs = 200.00 mm
• Average spacing of girders S= 2400.00 mm
• Effective flange width of interior girder bef = 2400.00 mm
• Effective flange width of exterior girder bef = 2696.25 mm
3.2.2.Geometric properties of interior girder

Section 0 1/8 1/4 1/2 X=1.5 m Unit

2
A 1.363 1.123 1.123 1.123 2.117 m
4
Ixc 3.2E-01 6.4E-01 6.4E-01 6.4E-01 8.9E-01 m
4
Iyc 1.4E-01 1.4E-01 1.4E-01 1.4E-01 1.8E-01 m
4
Ixy 0.0E+00 3.1E-01 3.1E-01 3.1E-01 3.1E-01 m
yb 0.610 1.284 1.284 1.284 1.180 m
yt 0.390 0.666 0.666 0.666 0.770 m
3
Sbc 0.530 0.496 0.496 0.496 0.755 m
3
Stc 0.830 0.955 0.955 0.955 1.157 m

3.2.3.Geometric properties of exterior girder

Section 0 1/8 1/4 1/2 X=1.5 m Unit

A 1.422 1.182 1.182 1.182 2.177 m2
4
Ixc 4.2E-01 7.4E-01 7.4E-01 7.4E-01 1.0E+00 m
4
Iyc 1.4E-01 1.4E-01 1.4E-01 1.4E-01 1.8E-01 m
4
Ixyc 0.0E+00 9.1E-18 9.1E-18 9.1E-18 0.000 m
ybc 0.622 1.312 1.312 1.312 0.999 m
ytc 0.378 0.638 0.638 0.638 0.751 m
3
Sbc 0.676 0.560 0.560 0.560 1.002 m
3
Stc 1.115 1.152 1.152 1.152 1.332 m

4
3.1.Dynamic load allowance IM
• Joint and slab IM = 75.00 %
•Other part
Fatigue and Fracture limit state IM = 15.00 %
Other states IM = 25.00 %
M = 0.5q.x.( L - x ) kNm
V = q.( 0.5L - x ) kN
L = 29.30 m
x
0 1/8 1/4 1/2 X

Ls

4.3 m 4.3 ~ 9 m

P1 P2 P2

• In the below table, caculation for one design lane loaded, is not composed of distribution factor
• With HL-93 : Vz =(145.(L-x)+ 145.(L-x-4.3) + 35(L-x-8.6))/L
• With lane load : Vz =9.3(L-x)2/(2L)
• If x ≥ 4.3 m : My =(145.(L-x)x + 145.(L-x-4.3).x + 35(x-4.3).(L-x))/L
• if x < 4.3 m : My =(145.(L-x)x + 145.(L-x-4.3).x + 35(L-x-8.6).x)/L
• In fatigue My =(145.(L-x)x + 145.(L-x-9).x + 35(x-4.3).(L-x))/L

Section HL93 + IM Lane Load Fatigue

x(m) HL93 LT=HL93+IM LL LT LT + IM
Vz ( kN ) My ( kNm ) Vz ( kN ) My ( kNm ) Vz ( kN ) My( kNm ) My ( kNm ) My ( kNm )
0.00 293.447 366.809 136.245
2.00 271.263 542.526 339.078 678.157 118.280 253.890 376.326 432.775
3.00 260.171 780.512 325.213 975.640 109.773 366.885 606.462 697.432
4.00 249.078 996.314 311.348 1245.392 101.584 470.580 814.415 936.577
5.00 237.986 1116.480 297.483 1395.599 93.713 564.975 1000.183 1150.210
6.00 226.894 1303.323 283.618 1629.153 86.158 650.070 1163.766 1338.331
7.00 215.802 1467.981 269.753 1834.977 78.921 725.865 1305.166 1500.940
7.33 212.197 1516.719 265.246 1895.898 76.638 748.496 1346.344 1548.295
14.65 130.947 1993.625 163.684 2492.031 34.061 997.995 1652.875 1900.806

5
1. General concept
• All limit states shall be considered of equal
η∑ ( γi.Qi ) ≤ ϕ.Rn = Rr
• In which
η = ηD.ηR.ηI ≥ 0.95
State Strength Extreme Service Fatigue
ηD 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
ηR 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
ηI 1.00 1.05 1.00 1.00
η 1.00 1.05 1.00 1.00
• There are three loaded stages of Super-T girder
• Stage 1: Prestress and self weight
• Stage 2: Self weight , Prestress, Live load and other action ( wearing,etc … )
• Stage 3: All action of stage 2 and temperature action
2. Moment and shear force ( due to DC, DW )
• Moment and shear force due to Self weight of girder are calculated in appendix 1(on page 9)
• Self weight of stay-in-placed concrete formwork (plank) W sg= 0.93 kN/m
• Permanent Weight of deck and weight on the deck are taked as distribution of each girder
if it satifies follow requirements
The width of deck is constant OK
Number of girder Nb= 5 OK
Girder are paralle and approximate rigid OK
The width of lane in overhang part ( mm ) de = 374 OK
Curvature in horizontal plan α= 0 OK
Type of transverse section Loại = c OK
• Weight of deck W s= 11.76 kN/m
• Weight of wearing surface W w= 3.12 kN/m
• Weight of parapet W rp1= 8.90 kN/m
• Weight of other Item W rp2= 7.63 kN/m
• Weight of parapet and other Item act on this girder W rp= 7.48 kN/m
• Caculated Equation
M = 0.5q.x.( L - x ) kNm
V = q.( 0.5L - x ) kN x
L = 29.30 m X

Section DC DW ( DC + DW )
x(m) Girder Slab Wearing+Parapet Total
V ( kN ) M ( kNm ) V ( kN ) M ( kNm ) V ( kN ) M ( kNm ) V ( kN ) M ( kNm )
0.00 321.028 0.000 172.284 0.000 155.206 0.000 648.517 0.000
2.00 252.692 603.842 148.764 321.048 134.017 289.223 535.473 1214.113
3.00 236.010 848.193 137.004 463.932 123.423 417.943 496.437 1730.068
4.00 219.329 1075.863 125.244 595.056 112.829 536.069 457.402 2206.988
5.00 202.648 1286.851 113.484 714.420 102.234 643.600 418.366 2644.872
6.00 185.966 1481.158 101.724 822.024 91.640 740.538 379.330 3043.720
7.00 153.533 1813.078 89.964 917.868 81.046 826.881 324.543 3557.827
7.33 144.032 1898.164 86.142 946.485 77.603 852.661 307.777 3697.310
14.65 -2.010 2520.689 0.000 1261.980 0.000 1136.881 -2.010 4919.551

6
 b1 b2 b3 b4 b4 b5 b2 b1

p1 p2 F F F p2 p1

p3

x
X L = 29.30 m

A B
a.Data
• Length of head block b1 = 0.80 m
• Length of next solid block b2 = 1.20 m
• Width of deck b3 = 6.00 m
• Width of wearing on the deck b4 = 6.65 m
• Hight of girder b5 = 6.00 m
• Uniform force p1 = 21.62 kN/m
• Uniform force p2 = 40.12 kN/m
• Uniform force p3 = 15.75 kN/m
• concentric force F= 4.02 kN
b.Equation to calculate
• Vertical Reaction Force A= 270.720 kN
• if x< =b1 then
2
Mx = Ax-p1.x /2
Vx = A - p1.b1 - p2.(x-b1)
• if b1 < x <= b1+b2 then
2
Mx = Ax-p1.b1(x-b1/2)-p2.(x-b1) /2
Vx = A - p1.b1 - p2.(x-b1)
• if b1+b2 < x <= b1+b2+b3 then
2
Mx = Ax-p1.b1(x-b1/2)-p2.b2.(x-b1-b2/2)-p3.(x-b1-b2) /2
Vx = A - p1.b1 - p2.(b1+b2)-p3.(x-b1-b2)
• if b1+b2+b3 < x <= b1+b2+b3+b4 then
2
Mx = Ax-p1.b1(x-b1/2)-p2.b2.(x-b1-b2/2)-p3.(x-b1-b2) /2-F.(x-b1-b2-b3)
Vx = A - p1.b1 - p2.(b1+b2) - p3.(x-b1-b2) - F
• if x = b1+b2+b3+b4 then
2
Mx = Ax-p1.b1(x-b1/2)-p2.b2.(x-b1-b2/2)-p3.(x-b1-b2) /2-F.(x-b1-b2-b3)-F(x-b1-b2-b3-b4)
Vx = A - p1.b1 - p2.(b1+b2) - p3.(x-b1-b2) - 2F

c.Caculation
x Vx (kN) Mx(kNm)
0.00 307.403 0.000
2.00 240.927 578.4533
3.00 225.176 811.50491
4.00 209.425 1028.8051
5.00 193.673 1230.3539
6.00 177.922 1416.1513
7.00 146.419 1740.4919
7.33 137.220 1823.3145
14.65 -2.010 2420.89

7
1. General concept
• Load combinations are taked as:
Q = η∑ ( γi.Qi )
• In which
η - Load modifier; a factor relating to ductivity, redundancy, and operational importance
γi - Load factor

2. Load combinations
• Service I : For Checking of compressive stress in prestressed concrete components under service
limit state
Q =1.00( DC + DW ) + 1.00( LL + IM )
• Service III : For Checking of tensile stress and crack control in prestressed concrete components
under service limit state
Q =1.00( DC + DW ) + 0.80( LL + IM )
• Strength I : For checking of resistance and stability of components under strength limit state
Q =0.90(DC) + 0.65(DW) + 1.75( LL + IM )
• Fratigue : For checking of stress due to liveload and impact under fatigue limit state
Q =0.75( LL+IM )

8
1. Loss of prestress
• Total final loss
∆fpT =∆fpES+∆fpSR+∆fpCR+∆fpR2 Mpa
• Where
∆fpES - Loss due to elastic shortening
∆fpSR - Loss due to shrinkage
∆fpCR - Loss due to creep of concrete
∆fpR2 - loss due to relaxation of steel after transfer
1.1.Loss due to elastic shortening
∆fpES = Ep / Eci . fcpg Mpa
• Where
fcpg - Sum of concrete stresses at the center of gravity of prestressing tendons due to the prestressing
force at transfer and the self-weight of the member at the sections of maximum moment
fcgp - be assumed to be 0.75fpu for low-relaxation strands 0.75fpu = 1395 Mpa
pretension force after allowing for the initial losses P= 195.3 kN
Assuming loss of stress after release Loss = 7.977 %
• concrete stresses at the center of gravity of the prestressing steel fpi = 1283.7209 Mpa
fcpg = Pi / A + Pi.ec2 / I - Mg.ec / I
• Number of tendon n= 38 bó
• pretension force after allowing for the initial losses Ppi = 6829.395 kN
• Moment due to self weight of girder Mg = 2520.6894 kNm
• Average eccentricity of tendon ec = 0.729 m
2
• Area of girder section A= 0.643 m
• Moment of inertia of girder Ix = 0.252 m4
• fcpg - Sum of concrete stresses at the center of gravity of tendons fcpg = 17.74 Mpa
• Modulus of elasticity of concrete at jack release Eci = 33942.52 Mpa
• Modulus of elasticity of strand Ep = 197000.00 Mpa
∆fpES = 102.95 Mpa
1.2.Loss due to shrinkage
∆fpSR = 117 - 1.03H Mpa
• the average annual ambient relative humidity H= 85.000 %
∆fpSR = 29.45 Mpa
1.3.Loss due to creep of concrete
∆fpCR = 12fcpg - 7∆fcdp ≥0 Mpa
• Where
∆fcdp - change of stresses at the center of gravity of the prestressing steel due to
permanent loads except the dead load present at the time the prestress force is applied
• Moment due to weight of slab Ms= 1261.98 kNm
• Moment due to weight of wearing and parapete Mw+u = 1136.88 kNm
• Average eccentricity of prestress tendon ec = 1.171 m
• Moment of inertia of composite section Ix = 0.7350 m4
∆fcdp = 5.46 Mpa
∆fpCR = 174.63 Mpa
1.4.Loss due to relaxation of steel after transfer
∆fpR2 =30%(138 - 0.4∆fpES+0.2(∆fpSR+∆fpCR))
• loss due to relaxation after transfer ∆fpR2 = 16.80 Mpa
• Initial loss ∆finitial = 111.35 Mpa
Sum of loss stress
∆fpT =∆fpES+∆fpSR+∆fpCR+∆fpR2 ∆fpT = 323.82 Mpa
Initial Prestress loss Loss = 7.982 %
Conclusion
Different from assume and cacualtion of initial loss ∆= -0.061 N.G
• Effective initial prestress fpi = 1283.65 Mpa
Check: fpi = 1283.65 ≤ 1395.00 OK
• Effective pretension force after allowing for the initial losses Ppi = 6829.04 kN
• Effective final prestress after all of losses fpe = 959.83 Mpa
Check: fpi = 959.83 ≤ 1339.20 OK

9
• Total prestressing force after all losses Ppe = 5106.29 kN

H1: Rate of losses

∆fpES
5.19%
31.79% ∆fpSR

53.93% 9.09%
∆fpCR

∆fpR2

10
 • For top fiber
ft = Pi/A - Pi.e/St + Mg/St + ftop
ftop = p/A + p.et / St ; p - prestress after initial loss of 2 tendons on top fiber
x n A Pi e St Mg ftop ft Check
2 3
(m) strands m kN m m kNm Mpa Mpa
2.00 26.00 1.64 4672.50 0.859 0.581 603.84 0.220 -2.798 OK
3.00 28.00 0.64 5031.92 0.733 0.284 848.19 0.559 -1.631 OK
4.00 30.00 0.64 5391.34 0.737 0.284 1075.86 0.559 -1.277 OK
5.00 32.00 0.64 5750.77 0.741 0.284 1286.85 0.559 -0.983 OK
6.00 34.00 0.64 6110.19 0.741 0.284 1481.16 0.559 -0.683 OK
7.00 38.00 0.64 6829.04 0.739 0.284 1813.08 0.559 -0.221 OK
7.33 38.00 0.64 6829.04 0.739 0.284 1898.16 0.559 0.079 OK
14.65 38.00 0.64 6829.04 0.739 0.284 2520.69 0.559 2.274 OK
e t : Eccentricity of tendons on top with neutral axis, e : Eccentricity of tendons on bottom with neutral axis
• For bottom fiber
fb= Pi/A + Pi.e/Sb - Mg/Sb - fbtop
fbtop=p/A + p.et / Sb ; p - prestress after initial loss of 2 tendons on top fiber
x n A Pi e Sb Mg fbtop fb Check
(m) strands m2 kN m m3 kNm Mpa Mpa
2.00 26.00 1.64 4672.50 0.859 0.452 603.84 -0.220 10.176 OK
3.00 28.00 0.64 5031.92 0.733 0.293 848.19 -0.559 16.961 OK
4.00 30.00 0.64 5391.34 0.737 0.293 1075.86 -0.559 17.719 OK
5.00 32.00 0.64 5750.77 0.741 0.293 1286.85 -0.559 18.534 OK
6.00 34.00 0.64 6110.19 0.741 0.293 1481.16 -0.559 19.344 OK
7.00 38.00 0.64 6829.04 0.739 0.293 1813.08 -0.559 21.097 OK
7.33 38.00 0.64 6829.04 0.739 0.293 1898.16 -0.559 20.807 OK
14.65 38.00 0.64 6829.04 0.739 0.293 2520.69 -0.559 18.683 OK
e t : Eccentricity of tendons on top with neutral axis, e : Eccentricity of tendons on bottom with neutral axis
3. Check compressive stress at service limit state I
• Due to effecive prestress and permanent loads
ft = Ppe/A - Ppe.e/St + (Mg+Ms)/St + MSDL/Stc ≤ 0.45 f'c
• Area of girder section A= 0.64 m2
• Check stress of top fiber
x n Ppe e St Stc Mg+Ms MSDL MLT+MLL ft Check
(m) strands kN m m3 1/m3 kNm kNm kNm Mpa
2.00 26.00 3493.78 0.859 0.581 1.157 924.89 289.22 551.44 -1.11 OK
3.00 28.00 3762.53 0.733 0.284 0.955 1312.13 417.94 794.30 1.15 OK
4.00 30.00 4031.28 0.737 0.284 0.955 1670.92 536.07 1015.25 2.19 OK
5.00 32.00 4300.03 0.741 0.284 0.955 2001.27 643.60 1159.97 3.13 OK
6.00 34.00 4568.78 0.741 0.284 0.955 2303.18 740.54 1348.50 3.99 OK
7.00 38.00 5106.29 0.739 0.284 0.955 2730.95 826.88 1515.12 5.06 OK
7.33 38.00 5106.29 0.739 0.284 0.955 2844.65 852.66 1564.55 5.48 OK
14.65 38.00 5106.29 0.739 0.284 0.955 3782.67 1136.88 2064.87 9.06 OK
• Due to 1/2.( effecive prestress + permanent loads) and transient loads
ft =0.5(Ppe/A - Ppe.e/St + (Mg+Ms)/St + MSDL.Stc) + (MLL+MLT)Stc ≤ 0.40 f'c
• Check stress of the top fiber
x n Ppe e St Stc Mg+Ms MSDL MLT+MLL ft Check
(m) strands kN m m3 1/m3 kNm kNm kNm Mpa
2.00 26.00 3493.78 0.859 0.581 1.157 924.89 289.22 551.44 0.08 OK
3.00 28.00 3762.53 0.733 0.284 0.955 1312.13 417.94 794.30 1.99 OK
4.00 30.00 4031.28 0.737 0.284 0.955 1670.92 536.07 1015.25 2.74 OK
5.00 32.00 4300.03 0.741 0.284 0.955 2001.27 643.60 1159.97 3.37 OK
6.00 34.00 4568.78 0.741 0.284 0.955 2303.18 740.54 1348.50 4.00 OK
7.00 38.00 5106.29 0.739 0.284 0.955 2730.95 826.88 1515.12 4.71 OK
7.33 38.00 5106.29 0.739 0.284 0.955 2844.65 852.66 1564.55 4.98 OK
14.65 38.00 5106.29 0.739 0.284 0.955 3782.67 1136.88 2064.87 7.30 OK

11
 • Due to effecive prestress and permanent loads and transient loads
ft =Ppe/A - Ppe.e/St + (Mg+Ms)/St + MSDL.Stc + (MLL+MLT)Stc ≤ 0.40 f'c
• Check stress of the top fiber
x n Ppe e St Stc Mg+Ms MSDL MLT+MLL ft Check
3 3
(m) strands kN m m 1/m kNm kNm kNm Mpa
2.00 26.00 3493.78 0.859 0.581 1.157 924.89 289.22 551.44 2.83 OK
3.00 28.00 3762.53 0.733 0.284 0.955 1312.13 417.94 794.30 1.91 OK
4.00 30.00 4031.28 0.737 0.284 0.955 1670.92 536.07 1015.25 3.16 OK
5.00 32.00 4300.03 0.741 0.284 0.955 2001.27 643.60 1159.97 4.23 OK
6.00 34.00 4568.78 0.741 0.284 0.955 2303.18 740.54 1348.50 5.28 OK
7.00 38.00 5106.29 0.739 0.284 0.955 2730.95 826.88 1515.12 6.50 OK
7.33 38.00 5106.29 0.739 0.284 0.955 2844.65 852.66 1564.55 6.98 OK
14.65 38.00 5106.29 0.739 0.284 0.955 3782.67 1136.88 2064.87 11.03 OK

4. Check tensile stress at service limit state III

• For bottom fiber
fb = Ppe/A + Ppe.e/Sb- (Mg+Ms)/Sb - MSDL/Sbc - 0.8(MLL+MLT)/Sbc
• Check stress of the bottom fiber
x n Ppe e Sb Sbc Mg+Ms MSDL MLT+MLL fb Check
3 4
(m) strands kN m m m kNm kNm kNm Mpa
2.00 26.00 3493.78 0.859 0.452 0.755 924.89 289.22 551.44 5.76 OK
3.00 28.00 3762.53 0.733 0.293 0.496 1312.13 417.94 794.30 8.66 OK
4.00 30.00 4031.28 0.737 0.293 0.496 1670.92 536.07 1015.25 7.99 OK
5.00 32.00 4300.03 0.741 0.293 0.496 2001.27 643.60 1159.97 7.56 OK
6.00 34.00 4568.78 0.741 0.293 0.496 2303.18 740.54 1348.50 7.13 OK
7.00 38.00 5106.29 0.739 0.293 0.496 2730.95 826.88 1515.12 7.39 OK
7.33 38.00 5106.29 0.739 0.293 0.496 2844.65 852.66 1564.55 6.87 OK
14.65 38.00 5106.29 0.739 0.293 0.496 3782.67 1136.88 2064.87 2.29 OK

5. Check stress range in strands at fatigue limit state

• Compressive stress due to prestress and permanent load
fb = Ppe/A + Ppe.e/Sb - (Mg+Ms)/Sb - MSDL/Sbc
• Tensile stress due to frague
ft = - Mf / Sbc
x n Ppe e Sbc Mg+Ms MSDL Mf fb ft Check
4
(m) strands kN m m kNm kNm kNm Mpa Mpa
2.00 26.00 3493.78 0.859 0.755 924.89 289.22 133.93 6.461 -0.133 OK
3.00 28.00 3762.53 0.733 0.496 1312.13 417.94 215.83 9.944 -0.326 OK
4.00 30.00 4031.28 0.737 0.496 1670.92 536.07 289.83 9.629 -0.438 OK
5.00 32.00 4300.03 0.741 0.496 2001.27 643.60 355.95 9.433 -0.538 OK
6.00 34.00 4568.78 0.741 0.496 2303.18 740.54 414.16 9.309 -0.626 OK
7.00 38.00 5106.29 0.739 0.496 2730.95 826.88 464.48 9.833 -0.702 OK
7.33 38.00 5106.29 0.739 0.496 2844.65 852.66 479.14 9.393 -0.724 OK

6. Strength limit state

• Ultimate moment
Mu = 1.25(DC) + 1.5(DW) + 1.75(LL+IM)
• Determine neutral axis, consider section is like as Retangular-shape (R) or T-shape (T)
• Effective width of flange with interior girder bef = 2400.00 mm
x n As A's Aps bw k c a hs Check
(m) strands mm2 mm2 mm2 mm mm mm mm
2.00 26 1570.80 5629.73 3640.00 935.63 0.280 88.37 70.70 200.00 R
3.00 28 1570.80 5629.73 3920.00 367.38 0.280 97.17 77.73 200.00 R
4.00 30 1570.80 5629.73 4200.00 367.38 0.280 105.94 84.75 200.00 R
5.00 32 1570.80 5629.73 4480.00 367.38 0.280 114.69 91.75 200.00 R

12
6.00 34 1570.80 5629.73 4760.00 367.38 0.280 123.41 98.73 200.00 R
7.00 38 1570.80 5629.73 5320.00 367.38 0.280 140.77 112.62 200.00 R
7.33 38 1570.80 5629.73 5320.00 367.38 0.280 140.77 112.62 200.00 R
14.65 38 1570.80 5629.73 5320.00 367.38 0.280 140.77 112.62 200.00 R

x (m) fps As A's Aps bw dp a Mr Mu Check

2 2 2
Mpa mm mm mm mm mm mm kNm kNm
2.00 1831 1570.80 5629.73 3640.00 935.63 1608.75 70.70 11502 2813.26 OK
3.00 1829 1570.80 5629.73 3920.00 367.38 1608.75 77.73 12271 4029.14 OK
4.00 1826 1570.80 5629.73 4200.00 367.38 1608.75 84.75 13035 5144.97 OK
5.00 1823 1570.80 5629.73 4480.00 367.38 1608.75 91.75 13793 6040.24 OK
6.00 1820 1570.80 5629.73 4760.00 367.38 1608.75 98.73 14545 6981.26 OK
7.00 1814 1570.80 5629.73 5320.00 367.38 1608.75 112.62 16032 8015.11 OK
7.33 1814 1570.80 5629.73 5320.00 367.38 1608.75 112.62 16032 8305.6 OK
14.65 1814 1570.80 5629.73 5320.00 367.38 1608.75 112.62 16032 11014.3 OK

7. Check maximum ratio of reinforcement

• Distance from extreme compressive fiber to neutral axis c= 638.08 mm
• Depth from to Steel Centroid de = 1614.33 mm
• Ratio of maximum reinforcement c/de = 0.40
Check : c/de = 0.40 ≤ 0.42 OK
8. Check minimum ratio of reinforcement
• Check : Mr ≥ min( 1.2Mcr, 1.33Mu )
• Caculation Mcr
Mcr = ( fr + fpe )Sbc - Md-nc(Sbc/Sb -1)
• Where
• Tensile strength of concrete at 28 days fr = 4.45 Mpa
• Moment due to weight of girder and slab Md-nc
• Effective prestress in concrete
fpe = Ppe/A + Ppe.e/Sb
x Md-nc Ppe e Sbc Sb fpe 1.2Mcr 1.33Mu Mr Check
(m) kNm kN m m3 m3 Mpa kNm kNm kNm
2.00 924.89 3493.78 0.859 0.755 0.452 8.24 10757.4 3741.63 11501.7 OK
3.00 1312.13 3762.53 0.733 0.496 0.293 15.26 10646.6 5358.75 12271.4 OK
4.00 1670.92 4031.28 0.737 0.496 0.293 16.41 11031.6 6842.80 13035.2 OK
5.00 2001.27 4300.03 0.741 0.496 0.293 17.56 11440.2 8033.52 13793.2 OK
6.00 2303.18 4568.78 0.741 0.496 0.293 18.66 11845.1 9285.08 14545.3 OK
7.00 2730.95 5106.29 0.739 0.496 0.293 20.82 12773.9 10660.1 16032.3 OK
7.33 2844.65 5106.29 0.739 0.496 0.293 20.82 12679.4 11046.4 16032.3 OK
14.65 3782.67 5106.29 0.739 0.496 0.293 20.82 11900.0 14649.0 16032.3 OK

9. Check shear resistance

• Shear Reinforcement Spacing s mm
• Area of one stirrup leg Av mm2
• Max. Spacing of Reinf. According to Av s1 mm
• Max. Spacing of Reinf. According to Vu s2 mm
• minimum transverse reinforcement Avmin mm
Vu = 1.25(DC) + 1.5(DW) + 1.75(LL+IM) Vu kN
• Check: Av, s
s≤
x bv Vu dv Av s s1 s2 Avmin A ≥ Avmin
min(s1,s2) v
(m) mm kN mm mm2 mm mm mm mm2 kNm mm2
2.00 935.63 1194.16 1260.0 402.12 150.0 292.9 600.0 205.92 OK OK
3.00 367.38 1122.19 1260.0 402.12 150.0 746 600.0 80.86 OK OK
4.00 367.38 1050.67 1260.0 402.12 150.0 746 600.0 80.86 OK OK
5.00 367.38 979.58 1260.0 402.12 150.0 746 600.0 80.86 OK OK
6.00 367.38 908.94 1260.0 402.12 150.0 746 600.0 80.86 OK OK
7.00 367.38 823.10 1260.0 402.12 150.0 746 600.0 80.86 OK OK

13
7.33 367.38 796.32 1260.0 402.12 150.0 746 600.0 80.86 OK OK
14.65 367.38 272.91 1260.0 402.12 300.0 746 600.0 161.71 OK OK

• Assumption angle of inclination θ1 deg

• Choose angle of inclination θ deg
• Factor β
• Shear stress in concrete v kN/m2
v = (Vu - ϕ.VP)/(ϕ.bv.dv)
• Shear resistance factor ϕ= 0.90
• Shear Resistance due to prestress Vp = 0.00 kN
• Strain in the tensile reinforcement
εx = ( Mu/dv+0.5Nu+0.5Vu.cotθ-Aps.fpo)/(Es.As + Ep.Aps ) ≤ 0.002
if εx <0 then multiplier it with reduction factor Fe
• Reduction factor
Fε = ( Es.As+Ep.Aps )/( Ec.Ac+Es.As+Ep.Aps )
• Stress in tendon in where stress in surrounding concrete is equal to zezo fpo = 1395.00 Mpa

• Check : Vu ≤ ϕ.Vn

x θ1 v/f'c 1000.εx θ β Vc Vs Vn Vu Check

(m) Deg mm Deg kN kN kN kN
2.00 27.00 0.023 0.000 27.00 4.88 3376.4 2651.8 6028.18 1194.2 OK
3.00 27.00 0.054 0.000 27.00 4.88 1325.8 2651.8 3977.53 1122.2 OK
4.00 38.55 0.050 0.788 33.46 2.35 637.9 2044.5 2682.38 1050.7 OK
5.00 41.28 0.047 1.046 36.46 2.20 598.8 1828.4 2427.18 979.6 OK
6.00 42.82 0.044 1.338 39.38 2.04 554.4 1645.9 2200.30 908.9 OK
7.00 43.00 0.040 1.420 40.20 1.99 541.9 1598.9 2140.82 823.1 OK
7.33 43.00 0.038 1.579 41.31 1.91 519.9 1537.2 2057.11 796.3 OK
14.65 43.00 0.013 2.951 43.00 1.72 467.3 724.5 1191.74 272.9 OK

10. Check tension in longitudinal reinforcement due to shear

• Expression
A = As.fy + Aps.fps ≥ Mpeu/(dv.ϕ) + 0.5Nu/ϕ + (Vu/ϕ - 0.5Vs - Vp)cotθ = B

pe
x As Aps M u Nu θ Vu Vs A B Check
2
(m) mm kNm kN Deg kN kN kN kN
2.00 1570.80 3640.0 -189.1 3493.8 27.00 1194.2 2651.8 7294.59 1598.7 OK
3.00 1570.80 3920.0 1270.8 3762.5 27.00 1122.2 2651.8 7796.21 2734.8 OK
4.00 1570.80 4200.0 2172.8 4031.3 33.46 1050.7 2044.5 8296.28 3959.8 OK
5.00 1570.80 4480.0 2854.3 4300.0 36.46 979.6 1828.4 8794.79 4651.1 OK
6.00 1570.80 4760.0 3594.9 4568.8 39.38 908.9 1645.9 9291.8 5365.2 OK
7.00 1570.80 5320.0 4241.4 5106.3 40.20 823.1 1598.9 10281.1 6055.6 OK
7.33 1570.80 5320.0 4531.9 5106.3 41.31 796.3 1537.2 10281.1 6282.1 OK

11. Check interface shear reinforcement

• Equation
Vn =min (c.Acv +μ.(Avf.fy + Pc),0.2f'c.Acv, 5.5Acv)
• Where
• Cohesion factor c= 0.520 Mpa
• Friction factor μ = 0.6λ = 0.600
• area of concrete engaged in shear transfer Acv = 2x0.68x1.0 = 1.360 m2
• area of shear reinforcement crossing the shear plane for 1m Avf = 3217.0 mm2
• Width of interface section bv = 2x0.68 = 1.360 m
• Check :
• Minimum Ratio of reinforcement Avf ≥0.35bv/fy = 1190.00 OK
• permanent net compressive force normal to the shear plane Pc = 0.000 kN
• Nomal Interface Shear resistance for 1m in length Vn = 1479.28 kN

14
 • Distance from reinforcment to slab dv= 1.552 m
• Shear force act on 1m in length Vh= 769.22 kN / m
• Check : Vh ≤ ϕ.Vn ⇔ 769.22 ≤ 1331.35 kN OK

12. Check composite slab

• Stress in top fiber of slab
fbs = Ms/St + MSDL/Ic+ 0.8MLT+LL/Ic ≤ f'ct =0.45f'c = 15.750 Mpa

x yt ytc hs St Ms MSDL MLT+LL Ic fbs Check

(m) m m m m3 kNm kNm kNm m4 Mpa
2.00 0.766 0.770 200.00 0.581 240.79 216.92 699.04 1.001 1.19 OK
3.00 0.889 0.638 200.00 0.284 347.95 313.46 1006.89 0.735 2.75 OK
4.00 0.889 0.638 200.00 0.284 446.29 402.05 1286.98 0.735 3.52 OK
5.00 0.889 0.638 200.00 0.284 535.82 482.70 1470.43 0.735 4.15 OK
6.00 0.889 0.638 200.00 0.284 616.52 555.40 1709.42 0.735 4.79 OK
7.00 0.889 0.638 200.00 0.284 688.40 620.16 1920.63 0.735 5.36 OK
7.33 0.889 0.638 200.00 0.284 709.86 639.50 1983.30 0.735 5.53 OK
14.65 0.889 0.638 200.00 0.284 946.49 852.66 2617.52 0.735 7.35 OK

15
14.1.At Jack Release
14.1.1. Camber
• Prestress load for one tendon after jack release ppe= 179.72 kN
• Moment of inertia of girder section Ix = 0.252 m4
• Effective span length Ls= 29.300 m
• Elastic modulus of concrete at jack release Ec = 33942.519 Mpa

Debondingb ΣPpe Camber

Number of Distance e θ1 (rad) θ2 (rad)
i (m) (kN) (m)
2 0.034 0.829 359 -0.004 -0.00053 0.00053
2.00 0.085 0.796 359 0.003 0.00042 -0.00042
2.00 0.119 0.746 359 0.003 0.00035 -0.00035
2.00 0.154 0.796 359 0.003 0.00028 -0.00028
2.00 0.188 0.746 359 0.003 0.00022 -0.00022
4.00 0.222 0.696 719 0.005 0.00032 -0.00032
26.00 0.017 0.707 4673 0.059 0.00800 -0.00800
Sum 7189 C=0.073 0.009 -0.009

14.1.2. Defelection
• Self weight of girder W g= 18.24 kN/m
• Deflection due to self weight of girder De=5W g.Ls4/(384.E.Ix) De = -0.020 m ↓
14.1.3. Camber at release
• Camber at release Δ = C - De Δ= 0.052 m ↑
14.1.4. Camber at erection due to creep and shrinkage effect
• Long term deflection Δ = 1.7C - 1.75De Δ= 0.088 m ↑

14.2.At final stage

14.2.1. Camber and defleclection at release time
• Moment of inertia of composite section Ix = 0.735 m4
• Effective length Ls= 29.300 m
• Elastic modulus of concrete at 28 days Ec = 37948.890 Mpa
• Deflection due to self weight of girder De=5W g.Ls4/(384.E.Ix) De = -0.020 m ↓
• Camber due to prestressing C= 0.073 m
14.2.2. Defelection
• Self weight of slab W s= 11.76 kN/m
• Deflection due to self weight of slab Dslab=5W g.Ls4/(384.E.Ix) Dslab = -0.004 m ↓
• Self weight of parapet W s= 7.48 kN/m
• Deflection due to self weight of parapet Dp=5W g.Ls4/(384.E.Ix) Dp = -0.003 m ↓
• Self weight of wearing W w= 3.12 kN/m
• Deflection due to self weight of girder Dw=5W g.Ls4/(384.E.Ix) Dw= -0.001 m ↓

14.2.3. Camber at final time

• Camber at final Δ = C - De-Dslab-Dp-Dw Δ= 0.045 m ↑

14.2.4. Camber at final time due to creep effect

• Long term deflection Δ = 2.1C - 2.2De-2.15Dslab-2.75(Dp+Dw) Δ= 0.089 m ↑

14.3.Live Load Deflection

• Uniform load due to lane load is : w= 9.300 kN/m
• Deflection due to lane load is:
Δlane =5.w.L4/(384.E.I) Δlane = 0.003 m
• Deflection due to truck is:

P (kN) a (m) b (m) x (m) D (m)

145 14.65 14.65 14.65 0.005
145 10.35 18.95 14.65 0.004
35 18.95 10.35 14.65 0.001
Sum Δtruck = 0.011

16
• Deflection due to live load is:
ΔLL=( Δlane + Δtruck).DFM = 0.008 m↓
• Limited Deflection due to live load is: ΔLimit = 0.037 m
Check : 0.008 ≤ 0.037 m OK

17