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Pulse Code Modulation

Pulse-code modulation (PCM) is a method used to digitally represent sampled analog signals. In PCM, the amplitude of an analog signal is regularly sampled and each sample is quantized to the nearest value within a range of digital steps. The fidelity of PCM to the original analog signal is determined by the sampling rate and bit depth. The basic steps to transform an analog signal to PCM are pre-alias filtering, sampling, quantization, and coding the discrete values as binary sequences. PCM has advantages like uniform transmission quality and compatibility between different traffic types, and is used in applications like compact discs, digital telephony, and other digital audio.

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29 views3 pages

Pulse Code Modulation

Pulse-code modulation (PCM) is a method used to digitally represent sampled analog signals. In PCM, the amplitude of an analog signal is regularly sampled and each sample is quantized to the nearest value within a range of digital steps. The fidelity of PCM to the original analog signal is determined by the sampling rate and bit depth. The basic steps to transform an analog signal to PCM are pre-alias filtering, sampling, quantization, and coding the discrete values as binary sequences. PCM has advantages like uniform transmission quality and compatibility between different traffic types, and is used in applications like compact discs, digital telephony, and other digital audio.

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‫جمهورية العراق‬

‫وزارة التعليم العالي والبحث‬


‫العلمي‬
‫جامعة االمام جعفر الصادق(علية‬
‫كركوك‬-)‫السالم‬
‫هندسة تقنيات الحاسوب‬
‫الدراسة المسائية‬

.. ‫تقرير عن‬

PULSE CODE MODULATION

..‫من اعداد‬
‫نور اياد علي‬
‫المرحلة الثالثة‬

.. ‫بأشراف‬
‫م زهير نوري‬.‫م‬

Pulse Code Modulation


Pulse-code modulation (PCM) is a method used to digitally represent sampled
analog signals. It is the standard form of digital audio in computers, compact
discs, digital telephony and other digital audio applications. In a PCM stream,
the amplitude of the analog signal is sampled regularly at uniform intervals,
and each sample is quantized to the nearest value within a range of digital
steps.

Linear pulse-code modulation (LPCM) is a specific type of PCM where the


quantization levels are linearly uniform. This is in contrast to PCM encodings
where quantization levels vary as a function of amplitude (as with the A-law
algorithm or the μ-law algorithm). Though PCM is a more general term, it is
often used to describe data encoded as LPCM.

A PCM stream has two basic properties that determine the stream's fidelity to
the original analog signal: the sampling rate, which is the number of times per
second that samples are taken; and the bit depth, which determines the
number of possible digital values that can be used to represent each sample.

Basic steps used to transform analog signal into


PCM signal
1) Pre- Aliasing Filter: It is Low-pass filter to band limited
the information signal to B Hz to prevent aliasing
problem from appearing at receiving
end
2) Sampling: Convert the continuous-time signal into a
discrete-time signal by taking "samples" every fixed
time interval called sampling time TS where Ts = 1/Fs
3) Quantization: This is the conversion of a discrete-time
continuous-valued signal into a discrete-time discrete-
valued signal by making approximation to pre-
determined quantization levels.
4) Coding: In the coding process, each discrete value is
represented by an nbit binary sequence.

ADVANTAGES OF PCM
• Uniform Transmission Quality.
• Compatibility of different classes of Traffic in the network.
• Integrated Digital Network.
• Increased utilization of Existing Circuit.
• Low Manufacturing Cost.
• Good Performance Over Very poor Transmission.
DISDVANTAGES OF PCM
• Large Bandwidth required for Transmission.
• Noise and crosstalk Leaves Low but rises attenuation.
• An integrated Digital network can only be realized
be a gradual extension of Noise.
APPLICATION
• In compact disk
• Digital telephony
• Digital audio application

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