List of Contents

ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………………….………. 2
1.0 CHAPTER 1………………………………………………………………………… 3
1.1 COMPANY PROFILE…………………………………………………………. 3
1.2 Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB) Vision and Mission……………………………4
1.3 Responsibilities of TNB………………………………………………………….4
1.4 Organization structure……………………………………………………………5
2.0 CHAPTER 2……………………………………………………………………….….6
2.1 Overview of Department…………………………………………………………6
2.2 Objective of Department………………………………………………………….7

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 Abstract

Industrial Training is the of the condition that must be fulfill by undergraduate students in
University Technology Mara (UiTM) to complete their degree courses. From industrial
training, the students will not only learn the electrical theoretical knowledge from lecturers
but they also will know the real structure and electricity system in the industry. When doing
the industrial training, students will see and learn the real electrical equipment so that they
can relate theoretical knowledge with application in the industry. They also can learn the
technique to use the electrical equipment in the industry. Furthermore, industrial training also
can expose the students with the real environments in the industry. Students have to face all
the problems during their training. They will and see and feel the pressure of works whether
at company or site. All these situations will make the students become more experienced and
gallant. They also can manage the assignment giving to them and also increase their thinking
level. Tenaga Nasional Berhad provide a good place for undergraduate student to gain a new
knowledge.

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 Chapter 1

Company Background and Organization Structure

1.1 Company Profile

Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB) is the largest electricity utility in Malaysia with more
than RM67.0 billion in assets. The Company is listed on the main board of Bursa Malaysia
and employs approximately 28,000 people to serve a customer base of over seven million in
Peninsular Malaysia and Sabah. TNB plays an integral role in the national, economic and
social prosperity of the country by providing reliable and efficient services.

The Company has earned a reputation for outstanding performance, regionally and
globally. TNB is the only Asian energy company short-listed as one of five finalists for the
“Power Company of the Year” in the 2007 Plants Global Energy Awards.

TNB’s core businesses are in the generation, transmission and distribution of

electricity. It has a total installed generation capacity of about 11,200 MW (including SESB
and Kapar Energy Ventures). In Peninsular Malaysia, TNB contributes to 55 per cent of the
total industry capacity through six thermal stations and three major hydroelectric schemes.
TNB also manages and operates a comprehensive transmission network, the National Grid.
Spanning the peninsula, the grid links TNB power stations and IPPs to the distribution
network. The grid is also interconnected to Thailand’s transmission system in the North and
Singapore’s transmission system in the South. TNB’s distribution network is managed

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through a comprehensive distribution system, customer service centers and call management
centers.

1.2 Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB) Vision and Mission

The vision of TNB is to be among the leading corporations in energy and related
businesses globally.

The mission of TNB is we are committed to excellence in our products and service.

The shared value is providing us with the principle that will shape our business ethics
and operations:

 customer service

 business excellence

 integrity

 caring

 focus

1.3 Responsibilities of TNB

Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB) is a public listed company registered under

Companies Act 1965. TNB is charged with the responsibilities. The responsibility is to
generate, transmit, distribute and sell energy to customers throughout Peninsular Malaysia.
Other responsibility is to plan, install, operate and maintain electricity installation for the
generation, transmission and distribute of electricity.

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 To achieve the responsibility, the company owns and operates power plan and
National Grid and installed for this purpose, customer service centers, Call Management
Centers, substations and administrative offices throughout Peninsular Malaysia. TNB’s core
activities are in generation, transmission and distribution of electricity, which are being
handled by its subsidiaries TNB Generation Sdn Bhd, TNB Transmission Network Sdn Bhd
and TNB Distribution Sdn Bhd.

1.4 Organization structure

Currently in TNB there are 4 divided area which is Northern, Metropolitan, Southern and
Eastern. So, TNB Kota Bharu, Kelantan is listed under the eastern with Pahang and
Terengganu. During the practical time, under the distribution division there is many more
departments and the department that had been assign is the asset development, distribution
network. In asset development it had divide by 2 department which is project implementation
33Kv and 11Kv. The department that assign is project implementation 33Kv and for more
detail look at the graph below.

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 Fig1.4.1 The organization structure project implementation 33Kv

Chapter 2

Asset Development

2.1 Overview of Department

The asset development department actually under the Distribution Division and it is
entrusted to conduct two value chain business activities on behalf of TNB, which are the
Distribution Network Operations & Electricity Retail Operations.

The Distribution Network Operations are The Division plans, constructs, operates,
performs repairs & maintenance as well as manages the assets of the 33 kV, 22 kV, 11 kV,
6.6 kV and 415/240 volts in the Peninsula Malaysia’s distribution network. The Distribution

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Network Operations actually divided by 4 big area in the peninsula Malaysia. The 4 regions
can be referred at table below.

No. Franchise Area State

1 Northern Perlis, Kedah, Pulau Pinang and Perak

2 Metropolitan Selangor, Wilayah Persekutuan and Multimedia

Super Corridor (MSC)

Negeri Sembilan, Melaka and Johor

3 Southern
Pahang, Terengganu and Kelantan
4 Eastern

Table 2.1.1 franchise area throughout the peninsular Malaysia

For Electricity Retail Business the division operates a network of state and
area offices to purchase electricity from embedded generators to it markets and sells
electricity, connects new supply, provides counter services, collects revenues, operates call
management centers, provides supply restoration services, and cultivates strong customer and
government relationships.

2.2 objective of department

Under the asset development it will facilitate the implementation of distribution

project in order to ensure that the work is done. In order to ensure that, the following
objective are needed:

 to complete the distribution project within the initial time frame and budget.
 To standardize the project management function in asset development department.
 To ensure the division and customer need are fulfilled.
 To optimize utilization of the resources.

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2.3 scope of work the department

The type of work distribution project under the responsibility of asset development
(PA) are listed as follow below;

 Construction of substation which include Primary Distribution Substation (PPU) and

Mini PPU.
 Providing 33 kV power supply through Primary Switching Station (SSU)
 Rehabilitate the existing 33kV / 11kV substation which include repair and/or
extension of building and replacement of switchgear.
 Increasing the transformer capacity (ITC) at existing 33kV / 11kV substation.
 Construction of 33kV underground / overhead cable for system improvement (MSVT)

2.4 Project management structure

In order to make 1 project there is the project management structure and the member
in the structure consist of member from various units and department within the Distribution
Division as well as personal from various disciplines from other division. The example of the
people needed in every project are project director, project manager for electrical and civil,
project engineer, supervisor, finance officers and many others.

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 PROJECT
DIRECTOR

PM (CIVIL) PM (ELECTRICAL)

Site Site
Representative Representive
(civil) (Electrical)

Figure2.4.1 project management structure

Every person under the project management have their own specific job like project
director is an accountable for the project ownership and resource provider. It also has the
authority over the project if any third party meeting it will become the representative. Beside
project manager need to monitor overall progress of the project. The most important thing is
any budget approval come from project director.

For the project manager (PM) under the electrical, their duties are performing the
project management for issues related to electrical plant installation and also the plan for the
budget related to the electrical work. PM also need to review the engineering design based on
the work project site. The project manager also needs to prepare the documentation of the
project and in the documentation contain of progress, project tracking and other. In order to
the work PM need to manage electrical works contract like their contract procurement
process and if any issue regard the contract work, they will be the person that handle it.

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 Lastly, for the site representative electrical the work scope for them is act as project
site supervision especially during installation of electric equipment. Always check the health
and safety regulation compliance of the contractor. Beside they need to coordinate and
monitor the contractor. The permit for the project will be on their name and they also have to
prepare the Bill of Quantities (BQ). At the end of project or when the project complete site
representative need to prepare completion report and project closing.

2.5 Project Management Framework

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 The project management framework is a system that show the basic structure of
project management process. It was a guideline to show in-depth the information of structure
of project management to the team project until the project successfully done. In the project
cycle it consists 4 main important things like project initiation, project planning, project
execution and project closure. The overall process associated with each stage in the project
management life cycle can be summarized in the figure below.

Figure 2.5.1 project cycle process

Chapter 3

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 Project Implementation 33Kv

3.1 Introduction of project implementation 33kV

Under 33kV most of the project are related to build the substation. Substation is a
combination of voltage transformation and control equipment that provides supply voltage
suitable for the customer’s utilization needs. High load demand areas (city areas) such as
industrial estates, housing estates and school are region that need to build the substations.
Basically, substations have one or more incoming lines and outgoing lines. It is controlled
with high voltage switching and connecting one or more bus bar system.

3.2 Substation Category

In distribution division, there have four categories for substations, which are
Transmission Main Intake – PMU, Main Distribution Substation – PPU, Main Switching
Substation – SSU, Distribution Substation – PE. But for under 33kV the project that need to
take are PPU, PMU and SSU.

3.2.1 Transmission Main Intake – PMU

Transmission Main Intake is the interconnection point of 132kV or 275kV to the

distribution network. It is a main substation that supplies electricity from power station. But
during internship there is no project that related to the PMU.

 275kV/132kV/33kV/11kV

 132kV/33kV/11kV

 132kV/11kV

3.2.2 Main Distribution Substation – PPU

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 Main Distribution Substation is normally applicable to 33 kV for interconnecting
33 kV networks with 11 kV networks. It steps down the voltage from PMU for the consumer
in certain area.

 33kV/11kV

 22kV/11kV

Figure 3.2.2.1 signboard at PPU K.Krai

In the PPU there are many machine that use in order to step down the 33kV to
11kV. Machine that use in this PPU are mostly same with other PPU. List below will
show the machine in the PPU;

 Power Transformer (15MVa)

Fig 3.2.2.2 Power Transformer at K.Krai

At the PPU Kuala Krai it consists 2 power transformers so the total power will
be 30MVa because 1 transformer equal to 15MVa. During the load it will divide the
load equally so it will not constrain the transformer.

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  Distribution transformer (300KVa)

Fig 3.2.2.3 Distribution Transformer at K.Krai

The distribution transformer or local transformer are use to supply

power near the area. It use at substation where the voltage system value 6.6kV, 11kV,
22kV and 33kV then it will be reduce to 433V.

 Panel switchgear for 11kV (VCB)

Fig 3.2.2.4 vacuum circuit breaker (VCB) 11kV

In the panel it consist link, fius, busbar and equipment to measure

connection one or more circuit in to the one system busbar and connect to out
circuit for distribution the low voltage current.

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 Panel switchgear for 33kV (VCB)

Fig 3.2.2.5 vacuum circuit breaker (VCB) 33kV

For the panel 33kV most of the equipment are same but the cable that
use is different because for high power it needs much bigger diameter cable.
For the panel 33kV at Kuala Krai they have two because the power
transformer has two.

 Panel switchgear for 300kV (VCB)

Fig 3.2.2.6 vacuum circuit breaker (VCB) 300kV

Another function VCB is to monitor the transformer and for this VCB
it need will monitor the distribution transformer. At the Kuala Krai the VCB
currently only using one side and the picture can be look at appendix figure 1.
The cable that use for this panel also different.

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 Continues supply system (DC)

Fig 3.2.2.7 room for DC battery

All the battery are put in one different room and the function of this
system is it will turn during the emergency or use as protection system.
Example of the uses of this system are to close solenoid, trigged the circuit
breaker, show the direction in and out, SCADA and emergency alert.

 Panel Continues supply system (DC)

Fig 3.2.2.8 panel DC battery

This panel is connected to the battery charger in the room and it use to
monitor the battery charger and it can be control here.
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 Neutral Earthing Resistor (NER)

Fig 3.2.2.9 NER equipment

The current value of NER that use at Kuala Krai is 800 amp. The
function of this system is to protect the power transformer and power
generator against the fault current. Actually, the NER come with 1600amp and
if the system at that place do not need that much power it can be reduce by
take out the equipment in the NER and the equipment shown in appendix
figure 2.

 Control panel 11kV

fig 3.2.2.10 panel observation for 11kV

The panel actual function as interface to control or monitor the electric
capacity that run. All the system in the panel cannot be control manually

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 because it must be control using the system from the headquarters. So, by
using the system people at headquarters or other place that using the system
can monitor the PPU.

 Control panel 33kV

Fig 3.2.2.11 panel observation for 33kV

The panel for 33kV is same function with the panel 11kV but the only
different is the power that use to observe.

 Panel transformer

Fig 3.2.2.12 panel for transformer

The transformer at PPU Kuala Krai using 2 power transformers so the

panel need 2 in order to observe both of the transformer. The panel actual a
remote tap changer control (RTCC)

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 SCADA

Fig 3.2.2.13 one of the equipment for SCADA

Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) is the system that

use to control the circuit breaker which act like switch to the substation
equipment in TNB operational system. But the equipment SCADA at Kuala
Krai not fully done. The system actually contains of supervisory panel 11kV
and 33kV, RTU distribution and wife box (black box).

 Temporary power transformer (5MVa)

Fig 3.2.2.14

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 Currently at PPU Kuala Krai only operate using the temporary
transformer. The reason the 15MVa transformer not operate is the system in
the PPU not 100% working. The 5MVa transformer supply energy to the new
Hospital Kuala Krai and the actual demand of hospital is 3MVa but for safety
and backup TNB supply 5MVa.

3.2.3 Main Switching Substation – SSU

Main Switching Substation is establishing to serve function. It is to supply a

dedicated customer (33kV, 22kV or 11kV) and also to provide bulk capacity injection or
transfer from Transmission Main Intake or Main Distribution Substation to a load center for
further localized distribution. Unfortunately, during my practical there is no project related to
the SSU.

3.3 Feedback and Problem

During internship under the project implementation 33kV most of the job is about
build the substation in order to supply electric to the new place or upgrade the old substation.
So, most of the project take almost six to twelve months to finish the project. The TNB staffs
also need to focus one project at one time and every staff under the department already have
their own project. Most of the project currently at Kuala Krai and Gua Musang.

The problem that happen during working under the project implementation 33kV
are when go to the site visit most of the staff not able to bring the student with them because
of distance and the staff might overnight. Due to this most of them not preferred to bring the
student because it might be hard to handle and if any accident happen outside the office hour
the student not protect by TNB. So, TNB not take the risk and not give permission to the
student.

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 Chapter 4

Project Implementation 11Kv

4.1 Introduction of project implementation 11kV

Under the project implementation 11kV the work is almost same but the different is
under 11kV there is no PMU and PPU and SSU only do the outgoing power only. In 33kV all
work related to PMU, PPU and SSU are done by the department. Under 11kV there is
addition which is Distribution Substation – PE and pillar feeder.

4.2 substation category

4.2.1 Distribution Substation – PE.

Fig 4.2.1.1 PE at taman KPRK salor

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 Distribution Substation are capacity injections points from 11kV, 22kV and
sometimes 33kV systems to the low voltage network (240V or 415V). Typical capacity
ratings in TNBD are 1000kVA, 750kVA, 500kVA, 300kVA and 100kVA. Distribution
substations also have single chamber and double chamber depend to the load demand. At
here they also can the transformer tap changer.

4.2.2 Feeder Pillar

Fig 4.2.2.1 feeder pillar at wira jaya rantau panajang

Feeder pillar is designed with cover to protect the bask bar. There are components in
feeder pillar (which is the same with LV Board) such as link, outgoing fuse, current
transformer, thermal demand indicator meter (TDI), instrument supply 6A, cut-out & neutral
link 60A and phase barrier. The 1600 amp one has 8 outgoing cable. Outgoing fuse is used
connect the bask bar to low voltage cable. The 1600amp feeder pillar is not suitable to use
with 500mm cable because the load will not be enough to support it.

4.3 type of substation

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 There are four types of substations, which are indoor substations, outdoor substations,
pole mounted (H-pole) and compact substations. During the internship only indoor
substation, compact substation and outdoor substation that have goes. Below will show more
about the detail of the substations type;

4.3.1 Indoor Substation

This substation is chosen at the housing estate and industrial area. This substation has
more than two feeders and has a large of kVA rating. It is a “stand alone” structure. It
facilitates installation of fully switched facilities or power factor improvement capacitors
when required. Using the indoor substations, it is ensuring that all equipment safe from
animals or people. It also provides the installation of automation equipment and easy access
and space separating form it from adjacent building. It is less vulnerable to weather problems.
Table 4.3.1.1 shows the guideline and dimension for build the indoor substations. Figure
4.3.1.2 shows the indoor substations.

Type of substation

Design requirement Single Chamber Double Chamber

50 feet x 50 feet 60 feet x 50 feet

Ground site 15240 mm x 15240 mm 18290 mm x 15240 mm

18.57 feet x 25.17 feet 18.57 feet x 35.17 feet

Building size 5270 mm x 76700 mm 5720 mm x 10,270 mm

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 Tab 4.3.1.1 the comparison between single and double chamber

Fig 4.3.1.2 the indoor substations.

4.3.2 Outdoor Substation

This type of substation is located at rural location and have large distant from
consumer. This substation an uncovered and have fenced at around of the substation. Outdoor
substations require smaller area than indoor substation and also easy to install. This
substation has also been used for industries that have extensive land and prefer not to allocate
a compartment for TNB’s substations needs. Table 4.3.2.1 shows the dimension for outdoor
substation. Figure 4.3.2.2 shows outdoor substations.

No. Site measurement Gate measurement

1 762 cm x 609.6 cm (25’ x 20’) 609.6 cm x 457.2 cm (20’ x 15’)

2 762 cm x 762 cm (25’ x 25’) 762 cm x 762 cm (25’ x 25’)

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 Table 4.3.2.1 the dimension for outdoor substation.

Figure 4.3.2.2 shows outdoor substations.

4.3.3 Compact Substation

Compact substation is built-in and has main equipment such as high voltage switching
equipment, three phase transformer and low voltage distribution board that are installed
together in one closed kiosk. The advantages of compact substation are require small site,
protection from people and animals and protection from equipment damage, safe from air
pollution and easy and less time required to install this substation. Figure 4.3.3.1 shows the
compact substation.

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 Fig 4.3.3.1 the compact substation at taman KPRK salor

4.4 substation component

There are three main components in substation. The components are transformer,
switchgear and low voltage distribution board (LVDB).

4.4.1 transformer

Transformer is a device that used for step up and step-down voltage.

Transformer function is to change voltage levels in a power system. A transformer
consists of electrical windings linked together magnetically by a magnetic core. There
have two windings in a transformer, which are primary windings and secondary
windings. But at TNB, the primary windings refer to high voltage windings and
secondary windings refer to low voltage windings.

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 The insulation medium for transformer is oil, because oil has higher dielectric
strength than air. Selection of transformer rating is based on maximum demand of
customer, optimum loading of transformer and standard transformer rating.

Figure 4.4.1.1 transformer at yard lundang

4.4.2 switchgear and circuit breaker

Switchgear is an electrical component in a substation that works as a switch. It

has fuses, isolator or circuit breaker trip the supply if any abnormal condition occurs
on the system. Switchgear is categorized by the insulation medium. There are
basically three types of switchgear. They are Oil Insulated Switchgear, Air Insulated
Switchgear and Gas Insulated Switchgear. Medium for them are oil, vacuum and gas
(SF6). Figure 4.4.2.1 shows the vacuum circuit breaker. Every switchgear with
different brand will be different and for this it using from TAMCO. The detail about
the switch gear can look at the nameplate of the switchgear based on the figure 4.4.2.2

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Figure 4.4.2.1 shows the vacuum circuit breaker Figure 4.4.2.2 the nameplate of VCB

There are four main components in switchgear. They are:

 Circuit breaker compartment

 Busbar compartment
 Cable and CT compartment
 Low voltage compartment

Circuit breaker is used to protect electrical equipment against faults. It

prevents or limits damage during faults or overloads. In addition to its protective
function, a circuit breaker is also used for circuit switching under normal conditions.
There are many different types of circuit breakers. Example of it is air, oil vacuum
and gas circuit breaker.

4.4.3 low voltage distribution board (LVDB)

Function of LVDB are supply the voltage to customer, Connect the

distribution transformer to customer or load, protect outgoing circuit, maximum
demand indicator, easy to cut the electricity supply if there are any fault at distribution
unit.

There have two categories of LVDB, which are LV Board and Feeder Pillar.
LV Board is an electrical component that transports electricity from transformer to
overhead poles. The choice of LV is generally based on the size of the transformer
and the number of outgoing units required enabling efficient distribution of supply.
TNB use the 1600A rating LV Board with two incoming link unit and eight fused
outgoing units. LV Board is mounted to the wall in the switchgear room in
substations.

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 Feeder Pillar is another type of LVDB that is used to further distribute the LV
feeder. The Feeder Pillar comes together with LV fuse carriers. Suitable fuses are
installed in the fuse carriers for protection purpose. Feeder pillar is placed outside the
substation or along the roadside. Two sizes of feeder pillar rating that are commonly
used are 800A and 1600A. Figure 4.4.3.1 shows the LV Board and figure 4.4.3.2
shows the feeder pillar.

Figure 4.4.3.1 shows the LV Board figure 4.4.3.2 shows the feeder pillar.

4.5 Type of cable

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Chapter 5

Conclusion

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 Chapter 6

Suggestion for Improvement

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Reference

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Appendix

pg14

pg16

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