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Exercise - Commands in Blue, Comments in Green, Outputs in Black

This document demonstrates basic functions in R including creating vectors, performing arithmetic operations on vectors, calculating summary statistics, and visualizing data. It creates a small sample vector, performs operations like addition and multiplication on the vector, then calculates statistics such as mean, standard deviation, minimum and maximum. It also uses the AirPassengers dataset to demonstrate additional summary and plotting functions.

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43 views

Exercise - Commands in Blue, Comments in Green, Outputs in Black

This document demonstrates basic functions in R including creating vectors, performing arithmetic operations on vectors, calculating summary statistics, and visualizing data. It creates a small sample vector, performs operations like addition and multiplication on the vector, then calculates statistics such as mean, standard deviation, minimum and maximum. It also uses the AirPassengers dataset to demonstrate additional summary and plotting functions.

Uploaded by

Star Sky
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Exercise – commands in blue, comments in green, outputs in black

Let’s create a small vector and perform a few basic functions:


> i <- c(2,4,6,8) # this small vector is called i

> i # allows you to view your vectors contents


[1] 2 4 6 8

> i+1 # add 1 to each of the numbers


[1] 3 5 7 9

> i+5 # add 5 to each of the numbers


[1] 7 9 11 13

> i*2 # multiply each number by 2


[1] 4 8 12 16

> i/2 # divide each number by 2


[1] 1 2 3 4

> j <- i-1 # create a new vector j


>j
[1] 1 3 5 7

> i+j # add vector i to vector j


[1] 3 7 11 15

> mean(i) # calculates the mean


[1] 5

> sd(i) # calculates the standard deviation


[1] 2.581989

Depending on the format of certain data sets, when calculating standard deviation, mean
etc. you may need to call a specific row:

>x=somedataset[,1] #rename your data here and select just the first column
[row, column]
>sd(x)

> sqrt(i) # square root


[1] 1.414214 2.000000 2.449490 2.828427

> max(i) # outputs the max of the specified vector


[1] 8
> min(i) # outputs the minimum of the specified vector
[1] 2

RStudio has a lot of preloaded datasets, to browse the library use the following:

> data() # a list will prepopulate and you will be able to scroll through, if you hover on a certain
dataset, a description will appear.
>data(“AirPassengers”)

>View(AirPassengers) # to open the dataset and manually scroll through and view its contents –
data set will appear at the top left of RStudio

> mean(AirPassengers)
[1] 280.2986

> median(AirPassengers)
[1] 265.5

> min(AirPassengers)
[1] 104

> max(AirPassengers)
[1] 622

> sd(AirPassengers)
[1] 119.9663

> quantile(AirPassengers)
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
104.0 180.0 265.5 360.5 622.0

> summary(AirPassengers)
Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max.
104.0 180.0 265.5 280.3 360.5 622.0

> hist(AirPassengers)
> boxplot(AirPassengers)

> plot(AirPassengers)
References:

Black, K. (2015). R Tutorial. Retrieved from:


http://www.cyclismo.org/tutorial/R/index.html

Quick, J. (2009). Summary Statistics Analysis Example. Retrieved from:


https://www.r-bloggers.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/11/sumStatsAnalysisExample1.txt

Spector, P. (2015). Introduction to R. Retrieved from:


https://www.stat.berkeley.edu/~spector/Rcourse.pdf

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