TUISYEN IBNU SINA CHEMISTRY MODULE 8

ACID AND BASES

NEUTRALISATION

1 100 cm3 of 0.2 mol dm-3 of potassium hydroxide aqueous, KOH react with 0.2 mol dm-3 of
dilute hydrochloric acid, HCl.
a) Write the chemical equation for the reaction.

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b) Find the volume of acid used.

2 25 cm3 of 0.4 moldm-3 of potassium hydroxide aqueous, KOH react with 20 cm3 dilute
sulphuric acid, H2SO4.

(a) Write the chemical equation for the reaction.

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(b) Find the molarity of acid used.

3 100 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 of dilute sulphuric acid reacts with 0.2 mol dm-3 barium (II)
hydroxide aqueous, Ba(OH)2.

(a) Write the chemical equation for the reaction.

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(b) Find the volume of barium (II) hydroxide aqueous used in this reaction.

4 30 cm3 of sodium hydroxide aqueous reacts with 15 cm3 of 0.1 moldm-3 of dilute sulphuric
acid.

(a) Write the chemical equation for the reaction.

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(b) Find the concentration of sodium hydroxide aqueous.

5 Diagram 1 shows the set-up of apparatus for the neutralisation reaction between a strong

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TUISYEN IBNU SINA CHEMISTRY MODULE 8
ACID AND BASES

acid and a strong alkali

Hydrochloric acid, 0.1 mol dm-3

25 cm3 sodium hydroxide

25.0 cm3 of sodium hydroxide solution is poured into a conical flask. A few drops of
phenolphthalein is added into the solution. The solution in the conical flask is titrated with
0.1 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid .

(a) Hydrochloric acid is a strong acid. What is meant by a strong acid?

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(b) Suggest an apparatus that can be used to measure 25.0 cm3 of sodium hydroxide
solution accurately.

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(c) State the colour change of the solution in the conical flask at the end point.

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(d) (i) Write a chemical equation for the above reaction.

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(ii) In this experiment, 20.0 cm3 hydrochloric acid is needed to neutralise 25.0 cm3 of
sodium hydroxide solution. Calculate the molarity of the sodium hydroxide
solution.

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TUISYEN IBNU SINA CHEMISTRY MODULE 8
ACID AND BASES

(e) (i) The experiment is repeated with 0.1 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid to replace
hydrochloric acid. Predict the volume of sulphuric acid needed to neutralise 25.0
cm3 sodium hydroxide solution.

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(ii) Explain your answer in (e) (i).

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6 Malic acid is a weak acid which is found naturally in a wide variety of unripe fruits and in
green apples. A student carried out the following experiment to determine the basicity of
malic acid in some malic acid powder which was extracted from apple juice.

5.00 g of malic acid powder was dissolved

The content of the conical flask was titrated

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TUISYEN IBNU SINA CHEMISTRY MODULE 8
ACID AND BASES

a) What is meant by weak acid?

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b) What is the taste of malic acid?

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c) What is the colour change at the end point?

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d) Write the ionic equation for the neutralisation reaction.

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e) (i) Calculate the number of moles of malic acid in the sample.
[Relative molecular mass of malic acid = 134.0]

(ii) Show by calculation that malic acid is a diprotic acid.

7 A student carried out two experiments to determine the concentration of HX acid solution.
Diagram 7.1 shows the initial and final burette readings for both experiments.

Experiment I

Titration of HX acid solution of unknown concentration with 20 cm3 of sodium hydroxide

10 30

11 31

Initial burette reading Final burette reading

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TUISYEN IBNU SINA CHEMISTRY MODULE 8
ACID AND BASES

Experiment II

Titration of HX acid solution with different concentration with 20 cm3 of sodium hydroxide
solution 1.0 mol dm-3 using phenolphtalein as indicator.

10 20

11 21

Initial burette reading Final burette reading

Diagram 7.1

(a) Construct a table to record the initial and final burette readings and the volumes of the
acid used for both experiments.

(b) State the colour change of phenolphtalein in the titration.

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(c) The chemical equation for the reaction in the experiment is :

HX + NaOH  NaX + H2 O

Calculate the concentration of HX acid solutions used in both experiments.

Experiment I

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TUISYEN IBNU SINA CHEMISTRY MODULE 8
ACID AND BASES

Experiment II

(d) State the hypothesis in this experiment.

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(e) If HX acid is replaced with sulphuric acid of the same concentration, it is found that the
volume of the sulphuric acid used in the titration is half of the volume of HX acid.
Explain why.

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