B2 Student's Book Answer Key PDF

Student’s Book answer key B2
5 4a
Unit 1 1 a 2 f 3 e 4 c 5 d 6 b 7 g 1 ’s forever playing 2 studies
Vocabulary p6 6a 3 ’re always leaving 4 ’s constantly saying
1 activities 2 facilities 3 friends 5 coach
1a 4 independent 5 abroad 6 residence 4b
Students’ own answers 7 loan Students’ own answers
1b 5
anthropology, archaeology, art, science Reading p7 Students’ own answers
(biology, chemistry, physics), economics, 1 6a
languages (English, French, Spanish, Students’ own answers 1 a 2 b 3 d 4 c
German, etc.), geography, history 2 6b
2 and 3 a 3 b 1 c 4 d 2 e 5 1 present perfect continuous
undergraduate (noun) /ˌʌndə(r)ɡrædʒʊət/ – a 3 2 present perfect simple
student who is studying for a first degree
1 d 2 c 3 b 4 a 5 e 6 c Present perfect simple: subject + has/have
at a college or university. A student who
4 + past participle
already has a first degree is a graduate.
Example answer Present perfect continuous: subject +
graduate (verb) /ˈɡrædʒueɪt/ – to complete
I think these subjects aren’t too specialised. has/have been + verb + -ing
your studies at a university or college,
usually by getting a degree
It’s a good idea to study something 6c
unusual because you are more likely to be 1 present perfect simple 2 present
degree (noun) /dɪˈɡriː/ – a course of study
interested and study more. Also they often perfect continuous 3 present perfect
at a university, or the qualification that you
give you very specific skills that are more simple 4 present perfect continuous
get after completing the course
useful in the workplace. Furthermore, an 7
master’s (noun) /ˈmɑːstə(r)z/ – a university
unusual degree could make your CV stand 1 For goes with periods of time, like three
degree that students get if they study for
out in a competitive marketplace. hours, ten minutes, a long time. It goes just
one or two years after their first degree
In my opinion, these subjects are too before the time period.
lecture (noun) /ˈlektʃə(r)/ – a talk to a group
specialised and they are a bad thing 2 Since goes with points in time, like 1990,
of people about a particular subject,
because your employment options are very Christmas, last week. It goes just before
especially at a college or university
narrow when you finish your degree. You the time period.
tutorial (noun) /tjuːˈtɔːriəl/ – a lesson in which
can’t transfer your skills easily to another 3 Ever means ‘sometime before now’. It
a student or a small group of students
subject area. Also, they are often not very is used in questions, e.g. Have you ever/
discusses a subject with a tutor, especially
academically rigorous so they don’t show Haven’t you ever …?, and in negative
at university or college
what you are intellectually capable of. statements, e.g. Nobody has ever travelled
term (noun) /tɜː(r)m/ – one of the periods
5 there before. It goes between have and
of time into which the year is divided for
uni = short form of ‘university’ the past participle.
students. In the UK, there are usually three
drives me mad = makes someone feel 4 Never means ‘at no time before’ and it
terms: the autumn term, the spring term
extremely angry or upset is used in negative statements, e.g. I’ve
and the summer term.
in great depth = in a very detailed way and never been to New York before. It goes
continuous assessment (noun) /kənˈtɪnjʊəs
giving a lot of information between have and the past participle.
əˈsesmənt/ – a way of judging a student by
implications = possible results or effects 5 Just means ‘not so long ago’. It comes
looking at the work that they do during the
year instead of or in addition to looking at hands-on = hands-on experience or between have and the past participle, e.g.
their examination results training involves you doing something They have just gone out.
rather than just reading about it or 6 Already shows an action has been
coursework (noun) /ˈkɔː(r)sˌwɜː(r)k/ – school
watching other people do it completed. It comes between have and
work that a student must do as part of a
specialise = to be an expert in a particular the past participle: I have already heard
course of study, with the mark that they
part of a subject or profession that song.
achieve forming part of their exam result
6 7 Yet means ‘up to a specified time’ and
assignment (noun) /əˈsaɪnmənt/ – work that
Students’ own answers is used only in the negative and question
you must do as part of a course of study or
as part of your job forms of the present perfect tense. It is
Grammar in context pp8–9 normally placed at the end of a sentence,
tutor (noun) /ˈtjuːtə(r)/ – a teacher in a
1a e.g. I haven’t been to the supermarket yet.
college or university
1 present simple 2 present continuous 8
grade (noun) /ɡreɪd/ – a letter or number
3 present simple 4 present continuous 1 She’s failed 2 since 2012
that shows the quality of a student’s work
5 present simple 3 We went 4 I’ve been doing
mark (noun) /mɑː(r)k/ – a school score
1b 5 has just had 6 has painted
notes (noun plural) /nəʊts/ – details from
a 1 b 3 c 5 d 2 e 4 7 for five hours 8 I’ve lost
something such as a lecture or a book that
2 9 I haven’t done 10 I’ve been waiting
you write down so that you can remember
them 1 understand 2 goes 3 is coming 9a
4 are getting 5 usually walks, is going Example answers
resit (verb) /ˌriːˈsɪt / – to take an examination
6 Do you wear 7 don’t agree 1 How long have you lived here?
again after failing it previously
8 sounds 2 How long have you been watching TV?
4
3a 3 Have you ever done a bungee jump?
1 veterinary medicine 2 lecture
1 constantly 2 always 3 forever 4 How many times have you eaten sushi?
3 mark 4 undergraduate 5 tutor
4 continually
6 coursework/assignment 7 psychology 5 What have you been doing all day?
8 resit it 3b
6 Have you just had your lunch?
Students’ own answers
9b
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Developing vocabulary p9 Listening p12 Student D: question 3

1 1 Student E: question 6
do – a course, an assignment, an exam, Suggested answers Student F: question 1
chores, homework, the shopping, the Useful ideas are 1, 2 (as long as all the 3
washing, well students are focused on revising), 3, 4, 6, 8 All the students answer the questions well
make – a cake, a decision, a noise, friends, (breaks should be short and involve drinking except Student C who does not give reasons
the dinner water and taking some exercise), 9. or personal details to support their answer.
2 2 It’s a good idea to give reasons and
1 do 2 do 3 make 4 do The boy mentions ideas 7, 5 and 10. personal details because it helps promote
5 make 6 do He hasn’t prepared well for the exam. further conversation. A short response can
indicate that you are annoyed, uninterested
3 3
or very shy.
a made b made c do d is doing 1 b 2 a 3 b 4 c 5 a
4
e is making f do g do h are making 4
i do j do k make l make m do Students’ own answers
5
n do
4a Grammar in context p12–13 Students’ own answers
1 6
2 g 3 f 4 c 5 d 6 b 7 e 8 i 1 playing, doing 2 go, walk
4b
9 h 10 e 3 not to stay 4 writing 5 write, do
2a 6 to go, (to) fly
Gateway to life skills pp10–11 a to think b revising c to use 7a
d keeping e doing f Leaving Students’ own answers
1a
g to check h to get i to have 7b
j singing k singing l cycling Students’ own answers
1b
m to help n to keep o listening
Students’ own answers Developing writing p15
2 2b
Students’ own answers 1
3 What have you been dong recently?
3 Which month do you think is better, July or
1 D 2 A 3 B 4 F 5 G 6 E 7 C 1 to pass 2 studying 3 correct
August?
4 4 to find 5 to pass 6 correct
What do you think is the best way for me
1 Students are busy people. 7 failing 8 studying
to do that?
2 The sooner you start, the earlier you finish. 4
Please let me know what type of things
3 It can encourage you to continue. 1 to finish 2 Starting 3 taking
you’d like to do here.
4 creating 5 leaving, to check
4 Your phone, social media networks, 2
6 to complete 7 answering
friend’s posts, videos, your family. informal words
5a
5 No, you have to be prepared for Hi! as a greeting
Example answers
potential problems. simple sentences
6 Start at the date you need to finish and 1 Do you enjoy going out in the evening?
contractions (I’ve, I’d, etc.)
calculate how long you need to do each 2 When you sleep, do you ever dream of
falling? Best wishes at the end
step, and you will find the date you need 3
to start. 3 Have you ever thought of being famous?
4 Do you find it difficult to study? a 3 (Hello …, Hey …)
5
5 Have you ever considered changing b 4 (Great to hear from you. Thanks for
Suggested answers
schools? telling me all your news. I just wanted to
Sam: He wants advice on managing free get in touch about …)
time and study time. 6 Do you think that you are brave enough
to jump out of a plane? c 5 (What have you been up to? What
Vanessa: She wants to know more about have you been doing recently/lately? How
study buddies and if they do help. 7 Would you like to be the first person to
have you been?)
Bea: She wants to know how to schedule live on Mars?
d 1 (On another note …, That reminds
her time in a more balanced way. 8 Are you interested in studying Surf
me …)
Chris: He wants advice on any tools or science and technology?
e 2 (I’ll be in touch soon. See you!)
resources to help with time management. 9 At the weekend, do you ever go
4
6 mountain biking?
Suggested answers 1
0 Next year do you want to study another
language? 5
Sam: prioritise tasks and make a timetable
5b Paragraph 2: Describe the best time to
Vanessa: study buddies help you focus,
visit my country/ the best way to learn my
and help you to understand difficult Students’ own answers
language
concepts and your position
Bea: prioritise your work, set yourself a Developing speaking p14 Paragraph 3: Describe things I’d like to do
1 in England
timer
1 a 2 d 3 c 4 b 5 b 6 c Paragraph 4: Say goodbye
Chris: talk to your teacher, use websites
and books, use a timer and set yourself 2 6
half-hour working time and five-minute Student A: question 2 Students’ own answers
breaks Student B: question 4
7 Student C: question 5

employee /ɪmˈplɔɪiː/ – someone who is trials = the process of testing a product,

Language checkpoint: Unit 1 paid regularly to work for a person or an plan or person over a period of time
organisation all-inclusive = including everyone or
Grammar revision p17 earn /ɜː(r)n/ – to receive money for work everything, especially all the costs, charges
1 that you do and services that make up the total price of
1 don’t 2 are 3 start 4 always/ salary /ˈsæləri/ – a fixed amount of money something
constantly/forever 5 always/constantly/ that you earn each month or year drawback = a feature of something that
continually/forever 6 asking dangerous conditions /ˈdeɪndʒərəs kənˈdɪʃ(ə) makes it worse than it could be
2 nz/ – situation or environment that is likely defying = to happen in a way that is
1 switched 2 for 3 been standing to harm or kill someone, or to damage or different from what usually happens or
4 seen 5 been staying 6 been reading destroy something what you expect
7 finished indoors /ɪnˈdɔː(r)z/ – in a building put up with = to accept someone or
3 do paperwork /duː ˈpeɪpə(r)ˌwɜː(r)k/ – do something unpleasant in a patient way
1 risk failing 2 go cycling 3 can’t stand the part of a job that involves producing still = without movement
getting up 4 consider joining 5 having reports, keeping records and writing letters at a time = continuously for this period of
a valid passport 6 the first to finish manual work /ˈmænjʊəl wɜː(r)k/ – a job which time
7 ’d love to see involves physical work using your hands spot = the particular place where someone
well paid /ˌwel ˈpeɪd/ – a well-paid person or something is
Vocabulary revision p17 receives a good amount of money for work 6
1 skilled /skɪld/ – having the ability and Students’ own answers
1 resit 2 grades 3 notes 4 tutor experience to do something well
5 degree 6 undergraduate 7 lecture training /ˈtreɪnɪŋ/ – the process of training Grammar in context pp20–21
2 people or of being trained for a profession 1a
1 abroad 2 loan 3 facilities or activity 1 past simple 2 past continuous
4 independent 5 hall 6 Extracurricular experience /ɪkˈspɪəriəns/ – knowledge and 3 past simple 4 past continuous, past
3 skill that is gained through time spent simple 5 past continuous, past simple
1 do 2 make 3 do 4 make doing a job or activity 1b
5 make 6 make 7 do 4 1 PS 2 PC 3 PC 4 PS 5 PC
1 school caretaker 2 software engineer 1c
Unit 2 3 personal assistant (PA) 4 physiotherapist past continuous
5 2a
Vocabulary p18 Students’ own answers cried, developed, happened, hated,
1 6 mentioned, occurred, planned, preferred,
Suggested answers 1 e 2 b 3 g 4 a 5 f stepped, stopped, studied, travelled, tried,
A – architect, B – builder, C – chef, D – doctor, 7 visited
E – engineer, F – farmer, G – grocer, Suggested answers 2b
H – historian, I – investigator, J – judge, 1 in a normal office job /d/: cried, happened, mentioned, occurred,
K – karate instructor, L – lawyer, 2 people with a lot of responsibility and planned, preferred, studied, travelled, tried
M – mechanic, N – novelist, who are well paid often work long hours, /t/: developed, stepped, stopped
O – ophthalmologist, P – photographer, e.g. managers, directors /ɪd/: hated, visited
Q – quantum physicist, R – receptionist, 3 in a stressful job when there is a lot of 3
S – shop assistant, T – teacher, U – umpire, work to do; when you can earn extra money; 1 made 2 correct 3 correct, was raining
V – violinist, W – waiter, X – X-ray technician, when there is a chance of promotion 4 spent 5 correct, was doing, correct
Y – yachtsman, Z – zoo-keeper
8a 6 was walking 7 was crying
2 4a
a taxi driver b police officer
8b 1 What did you do when you got home
3 after school yesterday?
2 apply for a job 3 be offered a job
qualifications /ˌkwɒlɪfɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)nz/ – something 4 sign a contract 5 get a promotion 2 Were you watching TV at 9 o’clock last
such as a degree or a diploma that you get night?
9
when you successfully finish a course of study
1 a 2 e 3 d 4 c 5 b 3 What were your parents doing yesterday
deal with /diːl wɪð/ – to take action to do at 10 am?
10
something, especially to solve a problem
Students’ own answers 4 Where did you go last summer?
be responsible for /biː rɪˈspɒnsəb(ə)l fə(r)/ – 5 Were you listening to music while you
someone who is responsible for someone Reading p19 were doing your homework yesterday?
or something is in charge of them and
1 6 What did you do last Saturday?
must make sure that what they do or what
happens to them is right or satisfactory
Students’ own answers 7 What were you doing at 6 o’clock this
2 morning?
stressful /ˈstresf(ə)l/ – involving or causing a
Students’ own answers 4b
lot of pressure or worry
3 Students’ own answers
outdoors /ˌaʊtˈdɔː(r)z/ – not in a building
1 T 2 F 3 NM 4 T 5 T 6 T 5a
good conditions /ɡʊd kənˈdɪʃ(ə)nz/ –
7 F 8 NM 1 a, b, c 2 d
favourable work situation or environment
4 5b
self-employed /ˌself ɪmˈplɔɪd/ – working
for yourself instead of for an employer
Students’ own answers 1 used to, would 2 the past simple
and paid directly by the people who you 5 3 would
provide a product or service to resort = a place where many people go for
a holiday

6 2 Developing speaking p26

1 used to 2 lived 3 didn’t use to Speaker 1: C 1
4 both 5 met 6 both 7 used to Speaker 2: B Students’ own answers
7 Speaker 3: F 2
a lived b didn’t have c used to work Speaker 4: E 1 how dangerous the different jobs are
d would do e would write f used to love Speaker 5: A 2 decide which of these jobs you think is
g jumped h died i saved 3 the most dangerous
Students’ own answers 3 firefighter
Developing vocabulary p21
1 Grammar in context pp24–25
3
1 d 2 g 3 h 4 b 5 c 6 a 7 f 1a
8 e 1 yes 2 yes 3 no 4 yes 5 no
a I finished school. 4
2 1b
1 Keep at 2 get ahead 3 fill in Suggested answers
before 1 Asking your partner’s opinion
4 turned, down 5 set up 6 keep up 1c
with 7 work on 8 took, over 2 Agreeing
subject + had/hadn’t + past participle 3 Disagreeing
3a 2
1 on 2 up with 3 ahead 4 up 5
1 had written 2 had started 3 stepped Students’ own answers
Gateway to life skills pp22–23 4 hadn’t spoken 5 blew 6 had seen
6
7 had eaten
3
2
Suggested answers Developing writing p27
1 someone had locked it. 1
2 she had answered the questions well. Students’ own answers
3
3 I hadn’t done my homework. 2
Suggested answers
4 she had missed the bus. Students’ own answers
2 salary, well paid
5 he had dropped his ice cream. 3
3 enjoy, salary isn’t … important
6 someone had seen a shark. Yes, it follows the paragraph plan in
4 in-service training, chance to keep on
7 he had eaten too much pizza. exercise 2.
learning, interesting, new opportunities
8 they hadn’t taken an umbrella with them. 4
5 working with others, team, deal with
4a a As far as I’m concerned b To begin with
people
1 past perfect continuous 2 past c Furthermore d On the other hand
6 long holidays, flexibility to work from
perfect simple 3 past perfect continuous e I agree with this f To sum up
home, fewer hours
4 past perfect simple 5
7 outdoor, connected with the
4b Expressing opinions
environment or nature
Sentences 1 and 3 with the past perfect As far as I’m concerned, I agree with this
8 travel, different countries, see the world
continuous give more importance to Adding opinions
9 prospects, getting ahead, more
duration. Sentences 2 and 4 with the past
responsibility, getting a promotion, To begin with, Furthermore
perfect simple give more importance to the
challenging Contrasting opinions
completion of the action.
4a On the other hand
4c
Students’ own answers Concluding
had + been + verb + -ing
4b To sum up
5
The example shows most important = in- 6a
1 been waiting 2 had 3 eaten
service training, least important = outdoors Students’ own answers
4 written 5 lost 6 been crying
4c 7 been talking 6b
Students’ own answers 6 Students’ own answers
5 2 He hadn’t studied hard enough.
Deana: Yes 3 She’d been working all morning in the Language checkpoint: Unit 2
James: No garden.
Tope: Yes 4 She’d been studying for hours.
6 Grammar revision p29
5 He’d read it twice before.
1 D 2 T 3 D 4 J 5 D, J 6 D, T 1
6 He hadn’t paid attention to his teacher
7 J 8 J all year. a got b looked c was shining
d was looking e saw f were playing
Listening p24 7a
2
She kept working even though she was a
1 1 used to 2 studied 3 usually 4 had
millionaire; to set a good example to her
Example answers children. 5 use 6 both correct 7 didn’t use to
I think a gap year sounds good because 7b 3
you can have a break from studying before
a been b had c for d up e didn’t 1 had been waiting 2 had been painting
you go to university.
f made g were h doing i earned 3 had written 4 correct 5 had eaten
I think a gap year is a bad thing because j have 6 correct 7 had finished
many people don’t do anything useful or 7c
interesting, and they get out of the habit of
studying.

Vocabulary revision p29 Paragraph 3: ideas for party I think the self-driving car is useful because
1 Paragraph 4: suggest a time to meet on while you are on the move you can do
Thursday; say goodbye anything you want.
1 for 2 dealing 3 employee
4 earn 5 skilled 6 shift 7 overtime 7 I think drones are very useful because they
8 qualifications Students’ own answers can do dangerous work more cheaply and
8 safely than humans can.
2
1 set up = start a new business, office, etc. Example answers I think the lunar space elevator is a
‘Helicopter’ parents and ‘lawnmower’ fascinating idea, but it’s not very useful.
2 get ahead = progress faster than other
people parents are good because they support 5
3 turn down = not accept an offer, request their children. boldest = riskiest
or application I think ‘helicopter’ and especially capsule = the part of a space vehicle in
4 work on = spend time working or ‘lawnmower’ parents are a bad thing which people travel
improving something because children don’t learn to become currently = at the present time
5 fill in = add information on a document independent and take care of themselves. sharp increase = sudden rise
6 take over = take control of something self-driving = an autonomous or driverless
Listening p31 vehicle
3
9 norm = something that is normal or
a look b applied c redundant
Speaker 1: C expected
d unemployed e fired/sacked/dismissed
f offered Speaker 2: F drawing up = to prepare or write
Speaker 3: B something
Speaker 4: A 6
Gateway to exams: Units 1–2 Speaker 5: D Students’ own answers
10
Reading p30 Students’ own answers Grammar in context pp34–35
1 1a
Speaking p31 a be going to b present continuous
Example answers
On an Erasmus exchange, students spend
11 c be going to d will e present simple
at least three months studying in a university Students’ own answers 1b
in one of the 30 countries involved in the 12 1 be going to 2 be going to 3 will
programme. Students’ own answers 4 the present continuous 5 the present
Some of the advantages of this exchange simple
could include: it looks good on your CV, you Unit 3 1c
learn life skills, you make an international 1 will 2 will 3 the present simple
network of friends and have fun, you Vocabulary p32 2
discover a different culture, and you learn 1 1 future fact 2 sudden decision
another language. Students’ own answers 3 prediction based on opinion
2 2 4 prediction based on expectations
1 Students’ own answers 1 crew 2 traffic jam 3 the Underground/ 5 future fact 6 sudden decision
2 Nelly Samuels – modern history, John subway/tube 4 spacecraft 5 take off 3
Vaughan – business, Teresa Lopez – media 6 land 7 gate 1 starts 2 ’ll 3 ’s going to rain
studies, Keith Johnson – politics 3 4 correct 5 ‘s talking 6 are going
3 1 stand away from the edge of the platform 7 are, doing 8 ’m going to eat
1 B 2 C 3 A 4 C 5 D 6 A 2 shouldn’t 3 shouldn’t 4 a, West 9 correct 10 ’s going to drop
7 D 8 C 5 need 6 bags 4a
4 4 1 will land, am 2 will be/is
Students’ own answers 1 trip 2 voyage 3 Travel 4 journey 3 are meeting 4 are, going to do
5 trips 6 voyages 7 travel 8 trip 5 will snow 6 ’s going to have
Writing p31 5 7 ’ll open 8 get, ’ll switch 9 ’m seeing
5 Students’ own answers 10 ’s going to rain
Students should answer these questions in 4b
their reply: Reading p33 Students’ own answers
How are you? 1 5
What do you think (about the welcome Students’ own answers a have b are going to become c are
home party)? 2 d will be e off f will be g won’t
Could you come and give me a hand 1 Hyperloop h are talking
getting things ready on Thursday 2 electric car, sports car, high-speed train,
afternoon?
Developing vocabulary p35
planes, supersonic air travel, self-driving
Apart from food, is there anything that you car, flying cars, drones, elevator 1a
can think of that would make the party 3 1 mis 2 post 3 under 4 over
really special? 1 c 2 b 3 f 4 a 5 e 6 d 5 inter 6 dis 7 re 8 co 9 sub-
6 4 10 super
Suggested answer Example answers
2
Paragraph 1: greeting, say how I am, I think the Hyperloop is very useful as it is
1 disappeared 2 underpaid
mention pizza place much faster than ordinary transport and
3 misunderstood 4 sub-zero 5 rewrite
Paragraph 2: the party is a good idea; yes, more ecological.
6 overbooked 7 superhuman
I can help

3a 3 5a
Students’ own answers 1 Aerial 2 negative 3 stop 4 aerial Students’ own answers
3b images 5 offers us new reporting 5b
disadvantage, disagree, unbelievable, possibilities 6 quite possible 7 thinks Students’ own answers
incapable, incomplete, unexpected, 4 5c
unlikely, illogical, unnecessary, disobey, Positive points: patrolling parks/ Students’ own answers
impatient, impossible, irregular, protecting wild animals; examining sites of
irresponsible, unsuccessful, invisible natural disasters; taking medicine, water Developing speaking p40
3c or food to victims; making movies; filming 1
Students’ own answers sports events Students’ own answers
4a Negative points: privacy – spying on 2
Students’ own answers ordinary people; create laws on why/how/ 1 Students’ own answers 2 yes 3 yes
4b when/who can use them 3
Students’ own answers 5 a Both photos show b In the first photo
Example answers c whereas d One big difference between
Gateway to life skills pp36–37 I think drones will change the world in the photos is that e while f Compared
1a a good way. They can save lives and do with g Another important difference
From Turkey to Thailand to the US – dangerous jobs. Moreover, drones will h One similarity
approximately 22,000km/14,000 miles generate a lot of money and jobs. 4
1b I think drones will change the world in a Students’ own answers
The distance food travels from where it is bad way. It’s possible for terrorists to take 5a
produced to our table. control of drones and use them against us. Students’ own answers
2 Grammar in context p38–39 5b
Students’ own answers Students’ own answers
1a
3 5c
1 future continuous 2 future continuous
Text A Students’ own answers
3 future perfect simple 4 future perfect
1 They weren’t in season then.
simple 5 future perfect continuous Developing writing p41
2 They produce 25% of CO2 emissions.
Future continuous: will/won’t + be + verb-ing
3 They are responsible for 11% of carbon 1
Future perfect simple: will/won’t + have +
emissions. Students’ own answers
past participle
4 They are an example of unnecessary 2
Future perfect continuous: will/won’t +
food travel. Students’ own answers
have + been + verb + -ing
5 We need to produce more food locally 3
1b
and buy locally produced food Students’ own answers
1 future perfect simple 2 future continuous
Text B 4
3 future perfect continuous 4 future
1 We need to keep them cool for a year or 1 f 2 d 3 a 4 g 5 c 6 e 7 b
perfect simple, future perfect continuous
buy them from another country. 5
2
2 Buying them from another country as the Variety of past tenses: past continuous:
1a At 7 o’clock, the activity is in progress.
energy used in keeping them fresh for ten … We were soon preparing for landing;
months is worse for the environment.
1b At 7 o’clock, the activity has finished.
past simple … I learnt that …, past perfect
3 Because they have conditions to grow 2a In half an hour the activity will start.
simple: … I had flown …, past perfect
tomatoes all year and if they are produced 2b In half an hour, the activity will be continuous: … I had been waiting …, past
in the UK, you need energy to heat the finished. with ‘would’: … we would observe …,
greenhouses. 3a This action will happen sometime future with ‘will’: I’ll never forget
4 The workers and economy of these before 2050. Participle clauses: Having collected my
countries depend on selling fruit, etc. to 3b This action will happen in 2050. luggage, I immediately saw …
other markets. 4a I have a plan to have lunch at 1 pm Linkers of time and sequence: Four
5 Food miles are not good, but sometimes tomorrow. months ago, Luckily
they are better than the alternatives 4b At 1 pm tomorrow, lunch will be in Adjectives and adverbs: excited and
4 progress. nervous, brilliant, immediately, amazing
Students’ own answers 3a 6a
5 1 will be having 2 will have eaten Students’ own answers
Students’ own answers 3 will have arrived 4 will have been going 6b
6a 5 will be having 6 will have seen
Students’ own answers 7 will be watching 8 will have been
watching
6b
1 running 2 to fork 3 cold storage
3b Language checkpoint: Unit 3
4 seasonally 5 sustainable 6 market Students’ own answers
6c 3c Grammar revision p43
4 1 comes 2 ’ll help 3 ’m going to do
Listening p38 a will, be doing b will, be working 4 are getting 5 will take 6 leaves
1 c will have finished d will have left 2
Students’ own answers e won’t be living f will have learnt
a 4 b 5 c 6 d 3 e 2 f 1
2 g will have bought h will be saving

3 8a Grammar in context pp46–47

1 I can’t go out at 7 o’clock because I’ll be Example answers 1a
doing my homework then. 1 A professional musician needs to be comparative: 1, 3, 4, 7
2 ✓ gifted and play at least one instrument superlative: 2, 5, 6
3 ✓ extremely well. To be a professional
1b
4 I can write a summary of the book musician, you have to be very ambitious as
adjectives: 2, 4, 7
tomorrow because I’ll have read it by then. it is very difficult to succeed as a musician.
adverbs: 1, 3, 5, 6
5 At 5 o’clock next Saturday I’ll be 2 The director of an international bank
2
playing basketball. needs to be clever, because you need to
6 I can’t give you my assignment tomorrow understand complex numerical operations. Adjective Comparative Superlative
because I won’t have finished it. You need to be self-confident, serious, long longer the longest
7 ✓ reliable and assertive because you are the
slow slower the slowest
8 ✓ leader.
3 To be the President, you need to be very big bigger the biggest
Vocabulary revision p43 self-confident and determined because thin thinner the thinnest
1 you receive a lot of criticism. You need to friendly friendlier the
1 platform 2 crew 3 landed be hard-working and serious because there friendliest
4 traffic jam 5 gate 6 high-speed are many difficult situations that you have
tidy tidier the tidiest
7 space station 8 launch to face.
4 A Formula 1 driver has to be hard- ambitious more the most
2 ambitious ambitious
1 trip 2 travel 3 voyage 4 journey working and talented. You also need to
5 trip be self-confident as drivers deal with the hard-working more hard- the most
media a lot. They work in teams so it helps working hard-working
3
to be outgoing and friendly. good better the best
1 misunderstand 2 unexpected
3 incapable 4 overbooked 5 A TV presenter needs to be outgoing
bad worse the worst
and friendly. It usually involves many hours
5 unnecessary 6 disobey 7 postgraduate far farther/further the farthest/
in the studio so you need to be hard-
working, patient and ambitious to succeed furthest
Unit 4 in this job. Because you are in the public little less the least
eye, you need to be self-confident (determiner)
Vocabulary p44
8b
1 Rules
friendly – unfriendly, kind/outgoing For one-syllable adjectives, add -er to
hard-working – lazy, diligent Reading p45 make the comparative and -est to make
patient – impatient, considerate the superlative. (If an adjective ends in -e,
1
polite – impolite/rude, courteous this is removed before adding -er/-est, e.g.
Suggested answer
wide, wider, widest.)
quiet – noisy, reserved In one photo, I can see Dynamo walking on
If a one-syllable adjective ends in a single
reliable – unreliable, dependable water. In the other photo, he is holding a
vowel letter followed by a single consonant
serious – fun-loving, solemn pack of cards.
letter, the consonant letter is doubled before
tidy – untidy/messy, neat 2
adding -er/-est, e.g. big, bigger, biggest.
2 No he didn’t have an easy childhood. He
If an adjective ends in a consonant followed
Students’ own answers had a serious stomach illness and was
by -y, -y is replaced by -i when adding -er/-
3 bullied for being weak and shy.
est, e.g. friendly, friendlier, friendliest.
big-headed – modest, down-to-earth 3
For many two-syllable and all three-syllable
good-natured/easygoing – bad-tempered 1 b 2 a 3 c 4 c 5 c
adjectives, form the comparative with more
immature – mature 4 and the superlative with most. (For some
narrow-minded – broad-minded Example answer two syllable adjectives, both -er and more
outgoing – shy, reserved I think Dynamo is successful because he forms are possible.)
self-confident – insecure works hard. He spent thousands of hours 3a
tactless – tactful, sensitive practising tricks when he was younger. 1 b 2 c 3 a
gifted = with an impressive natural ability 5 3b
talented = someone who is talented is very pack of cards = a box containing cards for a better, worse, less
good at something playing games
b more carefully, more quietly, more easily,
4 talked his way = to persuade someone to more beautifully, more often
let you do something
Students’ own answers c faster, harder, earlier, later, longer,
5 surface = the top layer or outside part of sooner, nearer
something 4
begging = asking for something in a way
6 1 In my opinion, Caleb is the friendliest
that shows you want it very much person in this class.
1 ambitious +/pushy –
distraction = something that gets 2 I think Emma is slightly taller than Claire.
2 self-confident +/arrogant –
your attention and prevents you from
3 bossy –/assertive + 3 That is definitely the silliest thing I’ve
concentrating on anything else
4 frank +/brusque – heard today!
6 4 You can write much quicker on a
5 stubborn –/determined +
Students’ own answers computer than by hand.
7
1 bossy/self-confident 2 tactless/ 5 Sorry I couldn’t come sooner.
big-headed 3 stubborn/slow 6 Is it much further to your house?

7 You need to try harder if you want to be 4 Grammar in context pp50–51

a professional illusionist. 1 That some people believe this is what 1
8 Houdini was one of the most famous shows you are clever, but this is only one Students’ own answers
illusionists in the world. type of intelligence.
2
9 That film was terrible! It’s the least 2 Because people are good at different 1 a, a programme 2 b, the programme,
interesting film I’ve ever seen. things.
the series 3 d, the world 4 e, the best
10 She did better than me in the test. 3 It is difficult to measure intelligence diver, the first 5 c, nurses, patients,
5a because it depends on what type of emergencies
Students’ own answers intelligence you are talking about.
3
5b 4 Children who have access to musical 1 –, –
Students’ own answers instruments can become great musicians
2 a, a, a
6 if they start early; bilingual or multilingual
3 the, –
a We use as … as to say two things are children.
4 –
the same. 5
5 The, the
b We use not as … as or, not so … as or a 5 b 4 c 1 d 3 e 7 f 2 g 6
6 a, –, –
less … than to say that the second person 6
7 an, the, a
or thing is more … than the first one. Students’ own answers
8 –, the
c Students’ own answers 7
4
7 Intelligence 1: use flashcards for difficult
concepts, extensive notes a a b an c an d – e a f the
1 is as enjoyable as playing 2 is less g the h a i the j the
healthy than 3 faster you walk, the Intelligence 2: organise notes in
alphabetical/numerical order 5
4 is not as good as 5 as quickly as
One of the most interesting episodes of
6 much less difficult to write 7 taller Intelligence 3: use graphs or mind maps
Hidden Talent was about a boy called
you are, the easier 8 better and better Intelligence 4: use music to remember
James Whinnery. He was only 19. They
8 concepts and words
discovered that the boy had a special
2 c 3 a 4 g 5 e 6 b 7 d Intelligence 5: use real-life examples to talent for (1) the languages. He learnt
relate to concepts (2) the Arabic in just 19 weeks. He did a
Developing vocabulary p47 Intelligence 6: set up a study group, talk test working in (3) a Turkish restaurant for a
1 to a classmate day talking to the waiters in Arabic. Then,
actor, artist, politician, writer Intelligence 7: keep a journal, study in a for his training, they say he learnt (4) the
2 quiet area new words – one hundred words each day!
actor, action 8 At the end of the episode, he travelled to
appearance Students’ own answers Jordan and they interviewed him in Arabic
confidence on a special programme. Of course, nobody
creator, creation Listening p50 can really learn (5) a new language in just
difference 1 19 weeks. But James learnt a lot of things in
education, educator Example answers that time. It seems that sometimes (6) the
electricity, electrician 1 I would like to try rock climbing, but I TV programmes can have (7) a positive
employment, employer think it looks very risky. effect on people and their lives.
happiness 2 People who like doing extreme sports. 6
improvement, improver 3 I think you have to train a lot to do this 1 too 2 enough 3 such 4 so
invention, inventor and be very fit. 5 too, enough 6 so, such
investigation, investigator 2 7
madness 1 T 2 T 3 F 4 NM 5 T 6 F 1 too 2 a 3 enough 4 to 5 –
musician, musicality 7 NM 8 T 6 so 7 enough 8 such 9 so
relevance 3 8
scientist 1 900 1 are so good that everyone 2 too cold to
2 nine 3 are good enough to 4 such a cold
3
3 She’s a grandmother and very busy. day that 5 isn’t self-confident enough to
a scientists b importance c electricity
4 60 metres 6 sing well enough
d creation e inventor f improvements
5 it is surrounded by water; bad weather 9a
g disappearance h ability i difference
6 one in 400 Suggested answers
Gateway to life skills pp48–49 7 how to watch body language and to 1 they could go all day without seeing
1 notice typical things we say when we’re each other!
Suggested answers nervous 2 she built herself a golden palace.
Garry Kasparov, Marie Curie, 8 It’s a pity to spend our lives not realising 3 he ended up without any friends.
William Shakespeare, Galileo Galilei, we have a special talent. 4 get up in the morning and spent every
Nicolaus Copernicus, Leonardo da Vinci, 4 day in bed.
Albert Einstein Example answers 5 climb that mountain.
2a 1 I think I would like to watch this TV series 6 I’ll pass all my exams first time.
Students’ own answers because it is different from ordinary talent 7 he can do university level maths.
2b shows. I love watching other people be 9b
Students’ own answers good at things. Students’ own answers
3 2 I would love to do tests to see if I have
1 doesn’t mean 2 isn’t 3 can’t a hidden talent because it could change
4 doesn’t stay 5 affect my life.

Developing speaking p52 2

1 1 I met a friend yesterday in the city centre. Unit 5
A Martin Luther King – US civil rights 2 The most important thing in life are Vocabulary p58
campaigner good friends.
3 Experts say the government is having 1
B Marie Curie – scientist famous for work Example answers
on radioactivity problems.
4 When I’m bored I pick up a book and baker’s, bank, bookshop, butcher’s, charity
C Cristiano Ronaldo – international shop, clothes shop, DIY/hardware shop,
football player read.
department store, electrical goods store,
D Emma Watson – actress (in Harry Potter 5 I like listening to actors and the things
greengrocer’s, jeweller’s, music shop,
movies); UN Ambassador they say about life in Hollywood.
newsagent’s, post office, shoe shop,
2 6 The programmes I watch are all on late
sports shop, stationery shop, supermarket,
Students’ own answers at night.
travel agent’s
3 3
2
Students’ own answers 1 h (too) 2 f (so) 3 e (enough)
a afford /əˈfɔː(r)d/ b sale /seɪl/
4 4 a (too) 5 b (such) 6 d (enough)
c discount /ˈdɪsˌkaʊnt/ d bargain /ˈbɑː(r)ɡɪn/
7 g (so) 8 c (such)
The student disagrees with the statement e value for money /ˈvæljuː fə(r) ˈmʌni/
and believes there are celebrities who can Vocabulary revision p55 f cash /kæʃ/ g change /tʃeɪndʒ/
be called heroes. h receipt /rɪˈsiːt/ i waste /weɪst/
1
5 j refund /ˈriːfʌnd/
1 tactless 2 down-to-earth
I’d like to begin by saying, First of all,
3 broad-minded 4 insecure 5 pushy 3
Furthermore, What’s more, It’s also true Example answers
6 stubborn 7 immature 8 gifted
that, To sum up, In short 1 Yes, I have a few coins and a couple
9 frank/honest
6 of notes. It’s useful for simple, everyday
2
Students’ own answers transactions.
1 musician 2 improvement
7 3 confidence 4 education 5 darkness 2 They usually pay by credit card.
Students’ own answers 6 creator 7 electrician 8 appearance 3 We often go to the sales to buy coats
8a and shoes.
Students’ own answers Reading p56 4 I always keep the receipt in case I need
8b 1 to exchange my purchase or get a refund.
Students’ own answers Students’ own answers 5 My dad asked for a refund on a fridge
2 that didn’t work.
Developing writing p53 6 Students get special discounts on public
Suggested answer
1 To become a genius you have to work hard transport and at many leisure centres.
Students’ own answers and have opportunities. 7 I wasted my money on some fake designer
2 3 trainers. They were really bad quality.
He writes great songs and performs 1 G 2 D 3 F 4 C 5 A 6 E 8 I bought some boots in a second-hand
concerts on his own. He’s modest, funny 7 H 8 B shop last year and they were a real bargain
and friendly. He plays and sings in lots of 4 and great value for money.
different styles. He can write lyrics. He makes Students’ own answers 4
brilliant videos. He’s a talented dancer. 1 overdraft 2 savings account
3 Use of English p57 3 lend money/give somebody a loan
D, A, C, B 5 4 bank charges/fees 5 current account
4 Students’ own answers 6 withdraw money 7 interest 8 bill
Suggested answers 6 9 ATM/cashpoint 10 get into debt
doesn’t look very special, he tends to wear a importance b scientific c unusually 5
…, incredibly special, what I love most d scientist e underestimate f ability 1 £45 2 £7 3 no 4 yes 5 yes
about him …, most important talents, great g physicist h mathematician 6 £4 7 yes 8 no
talents, he shows that, great singer, most i connection j unsuccessfully 6a
exciting thing All the words have a silent letter.
5 Speaking p57 6b
Students’ own answers 7 answer /ˈɑːnsə(r)/ business /ˈbɪznəs/
6a Students’ own answers climb /klaɪm/ debt /det/ doubt /daʊt/ eight
Students’ own answers 8 /eɪt/ half /hɑːf/ honest /ˈɒnɪst/
6b Students’ own answers knowledge /ˈnɒlɪdʒ/ listen /ˈlɪs(ə)n/
Students’ own answers 9 litre /ˈliːtə(r)/ psychological /ˌsaɪkəˈlɒdʒɪk(ə)l/
Students’ own answers receipt /rɪˈsiːt/ talk /tɔːk/ through /θruː/
written /ˈrɪt(ə)n/
Language checkpoint: Unit 4 Writing p57
10 Reading p59
Grammar revision p55 Students’ own answers 1
1 11 Students’ own answers
1 hard 2 than 3 the hotter it gets Students’ own answers 2
4 faster 5 as 6 most 7 earlier 1 The objects were all used as money over
8 carefully the years.
2 Not now, because their value changes.

3 3 2
1 We exchange items for services. 1 had 2 has 3 ought 4 aren’t 1 Can you pick up some milk on the way
2 You have to find the right person to 5 needn’t 6 mustn’t home?
barter with. 4 2 That coat is expensive, but I’m going to
3 You don’t have to find ‘the right person’. Suggested answers splash out on it.
4 Their uses gave them a basic value. You can’t use your mobile phone at school. 3 We need to cut back on luxury items.
5 They last for such a short time. You don’t have to wear a school uniform. 4 We haven’t got much money, but we
6 They maintained their value over time, You had better not talk in Mrs Williams’ get by.
can be easily translated into prices and class – she’s very strict. 5 I can’t go to the concert because I
were widely accepted. You must start learning our language need to set money aside for the summer
7 They were heavy to carry around. because most of our lessons aren’t in English. holidays.
8 The first paper money was a type of You mustn’t chew gum in the class. 6 You should buy the game now because
receipt or note. You needn’t buy textbooks – the school will they’re selling out fast.
9 The cash we carry around with us. lend them to you. 7 I’ll pay back the money you lent me
You ought to buy a big rucksack to carry tomorrow.
10 It leads to higher prices and money
loses its value. your books. 8 The book was £10 and the magazine
5a was £2.50 so the total came to £12.50.
4
1 had to/ needed to 3
Example answer
2 needn’t have 1 aside 2 back 3 out 4 out 5 by
I think society will become more collaborative
3 didn’t have to, didn’t need to 6 up
and we will share our things. The more you
share, the more points you will get. 4 weren’t allowed to/couldn’t 4
5 5 should/ought to have/shouldn’t have Students’ own answers
barter = exchange goods or services for 5b
Gateway to life skills pp62–63
other goods or services instead of using have + past participle
6 1
money
1 You should have asked them for advice. 1 b 2 a 3 d 4 c
medium = a way of communicating
information and ideas, especially to a lot 2 She had to arrive on time every morning. 2
of people 3 Did you have to go to the meeting? Students’ own answers
standardising = keeping something the same 4 We weren’t allowed to wear jeans and 3
widely = by a lot of people, in a lot of places T-shirts. 1 £750 a month for accommodation
worthless = having no value, or not useful 5 I needn’t have got up early (but I did). 2 Credit card debt £3,657
6 6 She didn’t need to wear a uniform (so 3 38% splash out more often than they
Example answers she didn’t). should
I think many people are thinking about 7 We ought to have worked as a team. 4 Average overdraft £1,509
giving up money. Money is the cause of 7 4
unemployment, wars, crime, terrorism, 1 I had to do the exercises last night. 1 T 2 F 3 T 4 T 5 T 6 F
pollution, etc. A lot of people are beginning 2 We needn’t have taken food to the 7 T 8 F
to share resources and build a better world party, but we did. 5
for everyone. 3 She ought to have revised for the exam. 1 Both – students are often influenced to
I think people in general are motivated by 4 They weren’t allowed to go into the office. spend more than they have; banks throw
money and profits. We have been doing 5 The plane needed to land. credit at students
this for so long that it seems like a very 6 I didn’t have to show my receipt to the 2 payday loans, store cards, not enough
important part of our lives. shop assistant. financial education at school or at home
7 I shouldn’t have got angry with you 3 Students’ own answers
Grammar in context pp60–61 4 withdraw cash and only spend that;
yesterday.
1a 8a resist temptation to use debit card; avoid
1 have to/must/need to Example answers accounts with overdraft facilities; check
2 don’t have to/doesn’t need to/needn’t I didn’t have to wear a tie, but I had to
bank account regularly; discuss money with
3 mustn’t/aren’t allowed to/can’t friends; use discount card
wear short trousers.
4 ought to/should/’d better 6
I couldn’t run in the corridors.
1b I had to arrive on time.
1 developing budgeting skills as a
1 to + infinitive: ought, have/don’t have to, teenager will help you in the future
I needed to go to the school doctor a
allowed, need/don’t need 2 before you buy anything, ask if it is an
couple of times.
the infinitive without to: should, must/ essential purchase; only take out the cash
I needn’t have worried about secondary
mustn’t,’d better, needn’t, can’t you need from the cashpoint
school, but I did.
2 Do we all have to use money? 3 look at your income; look at how much
I ought to have studied more.
3 It shouldn’t be something that you’re spending; look how much money
I shouldn’t have talked so much in class.
maintains its value. You’d better not keep you have left
I wasn’t allowed to leave before 3 o’clock.
your money in your pocket. 4 to trace where your money is going in
8b order to better plan your money
4 You need to carry it all with you.
5 had 5 contactless payment means that
2 Developing vocabulary p61 sometimes we spend more money than we
1 You mustn’t 2 Do you have to want to
1
3 You needn’t open 4 She’d/had better 7
1 b 2 c 3 a 4 g 5 f 6 d
5 We ought to 6 don’t need to have Students’ own answers
7 h 8 e

Listening p64 5 William isn’t here. He must have gone 5

1 already. Students’ own answers
Suggested answer 6 Let’s not buy her that DVD. I’m not sure, 6a
but I think she might have bought it already. Students’ own answers
Someone is touching a screen. There is a
logo or financial symbol above the words 7 You can’t have read that book already! 6b
‘touch to begin’. It’s 600 pages long and you only started Students’ own answers
yesterday!
2
8 It can’t have rained last night because Developing writing p67
all the streets are dry. 1
3
6 1 d 2 e 3 a 4 b 5 f 6 c
a must have been b can’t have left 2
4
c must have had d may/might not Students’ own answers
a digital b files c real d mining
have been e may/might have worked 3
e difficult f governments g dramatically
f must have moved g may/might have had 1 He is writing to complain to the bank
h criminals i California j 64
7a about bad customer service after the cash
k identity l billion
Suggested answers machine took his card.
5
1 He must have won the lottery. He might 2 He wants a new card urgently, without
Example answers
have been successful in his business. paying bank fees for the issue of this card.
I wouldn’t like to buy or use Bitcoins
2 She might have been tired. She can’t 3 If there is no solution, he will consider
because I think it is a sort of pyramid
have studied enough. moving his current account to another bank.
operation run by cybercriminals.
3 He must have done something wrong. 4
I would like to buy or use Bitcoins because
He might have missed school. 2 caused me a great deal of inconvenience
it is going to be very popular. Just like
4 He can’t have been concentrating on 3 selected 4 wished 5 sufficient
gold, the more people want it, the higher
driving. He must have been tired. 6 informed 7 I shall be forced to
the price goes.
5 She must have been playing a better 5
Grammar in context pp64–65 player. She might have been ill that day. ■ Dear Sir or Madam; Yours faithfully,
1 6 They must have lost the game. The team Jonathan Squire
1 We use might, may and could when might have played really badly. ■ I am writing; I am disappointed; I have
there is a 50% possibility that something 7 She must have gone on a fitness received; The incident has left; I would
is or will be true. The negative forms are programme. She might have started a new also like
may not and might not. We cannot use the sport. ■ has caused me a great deal of
negative form of could when there is a 50% 8 She might have gone to an English- inconvenience; through no fault of my
possibility that something isn’t true. speaking country. She must have practised own; I shall be forced to
2 We use must when we are 90% certain a lot. ■ insert (put in); withdraw (take out);
that something is true. 7b contact (call up)
3 We use can’t when we are 90% certain Students’ own answers ■ The incident has left me without my
that something isn’t true. debit card and has caused me a great
Developing speaking p66
4 When we are speculating and making deal of inconvenience.
deductions, the opposite of must is can’t. 1 ■ Anderson Street; Sunday 21st December
2 In both photos, …
■ I am writing to complain about; I look
A a dollar bill/bank note B a calculator In the first photo …, but in the second forward to hearing from you very soon.
photo …
C a wallet D a credit or debit card 6a
E a receipt One similarity/big difference is …
3 Another important difference is …
6b
1 can’t 2 must 3 might not/may not Compared with …
4 may/might 5 must 6 can’t 7 must 2
8 may/might, may not/might not Students’ own answers
4 3 Language checkpoint: Unit 5
1 We use may have, might have and could 1 Students’ own answers
have when there is a 50% possibility that 2 No, just briefly and then she moves on Grammar revision p69
something was true, but we cannot use to compare them. Grammar
could have + past participle in the negative 3 Which kind of shopping is more 1
form with this meaning. successful? or What kind of shopping do 1 needn’t
2 We use must have when we are 90% you enjoy more?
2 both correct
certain that something was true. 4
3 don’t have to
3 We use can’t have when we are 90% Speculating (when you are not exactly sure
4 both correct
certain that something wasn’t true. what is happening in the photo)
5 Should
5 Comparing (to compare and contrast two
6 mustn’t
1 It’s only lunchtime and you look terrible. photographs)
2
You must have had a bad morning. Using fillers (when you are trying to find a
1 had to talk
2 Somebody’s unlocked the door. It can’t word or need time to think)
2 needn’t have worried
have been Mike because he hasn’t got a key. Describing (to give a general and then
3 mustn’t write
3 I think Josh might have sent me an more specific description of the photo(s) at
email last night. the beginning of the speaking exam) 4 ought to have read
4 Emma hasn’t replied to my email. She Giving opinions (to respond to a task which 5 shouldn’t have lied
might not have received it. asks you to state your opinion or preference) 6 didn’t need to get
7 don’t have to write

3 veins and arteries /ˈveɪnz n ˈɑː(r)təriz / – A tube 5a

1 b 2 c 3 a 4 g 5 e 6 d 7 f that returns blood to your heart is called a addicted /əˈdɪktɪd/
vein. A tube that carries blood away from allergic /əˈlɜː(r)dʒɪk/
Vocabulary revision p69 your heart is called an artery. balanced /ˈbælənst/
1 wrist /rɪst/ – the part of your body between dislocated /ˈdɪsləkeɪtɪd/
1 refund 2 receipt 3 change 4 value your hand and your arm infection /ɪnˈfekʃ(ə)n/
for money 5 sale 6 bargain 7 afford 2
painful /ˈpeɪnf(ə)l/
2 Suggested answers
prescription /prɪˈskrɪpʃ(ə)n/
1 g 2 f 3 e 4 a 5 b 6 d 7 c 1 Someone with a bandaged hand and
putting on /ˈpʊtɪŋ ɒn/
3 wrist in a sling
5b
1 Last week we spent a lot of money on 2 A healthy meal/salad
lunch in a restaurant. 3 An unhealthy meal/junk food
6
2 They only spend £500 a month. 4 A woman with a headache/temperature
Example answers
3 People are spending less money on 3
1 I go to a local gym three times a week.
holidays abroad this year. 1 D 2 A 3 B 4 C It makes me feel good and I enjoy seeing
4 The bill reaches a total of £24. 4a the changes in my body.
5 I couldn’t get that new game because a balanced b allergic c putting on 2 I am allergic to peaches. I have to have
there weren’t any left. d addicted e infection f prescription an injection at the hospital if I eat one
6 I need to buy something for dinner g dislocated h painful accidentally.
tonight. 4b 3 I injured myself when I was playing
work out – to do physical exercise as a way hockey. I broke my arm.
Unit 6 of keeping fit
4 I’m not afraid of injections, but I don’t
check-up – a medical examination, like them very much!
Vocabulary p70 especially one taken at regular intervals to
5 I don’t feel dizzy when I see blood, but I
1 verify a normal state of health or discover a
know a lot of people who do.
ankle /ˈæŋk(ə)l/ – the part at the bottom of disease in its early stages
your leg where your foot joins your leg blood pressure – the pressure at which blood Reading p71
bone /bəʊn/ – one of the hard parts that flows from your heart around your body.
1
form a frame inside the body of a human Blood pressure that is either very high or
or animal very low can be dangerous to your health.
2
brain /breɪn/ – the organ inside your head injection – a drug or another substance that
A says that ‘drinking eight glasses of water
that allows you to think and feel, and is injected into your body
is good’ is a myth. Our bodies adjust, and
controls your body relieves – makes pain or another bad
drinks don’t have to be water.
chest /tʃest/ – the upper front part of your physical feeling less unpleasant
B says action films make you eat more (junk
body between your neck and your stomach symptoms – the unpleasant effects of an
food).
chin /tʃɪn/ – the centre of the bottom part illness
C says feeling pain is better than not
of your face, below your mouth and above fatty food – food that contains fat
feeling pain.
your neck processed food – food that has had
D says brain freeze is painful but
forehead /ˈfɒrɪd/ – the upper part of your chemicals or other substances added to it
disappears fast.
face between your eyes and your hair to keep it fresh for a long time
high in – have a large amount of
3
heart /hɑː(r)t/ – the organ in your chest that
makes blood flow around your body in danger of – at risk of
1 F 2 F 3 T 4 T 5 T 6 T
heel /hiːl/ – the back part of your foot, obese – too fat, in a way that is dangerous
4
below your ankle for your health Example answers
hip /hɪp/ – one of the two parts at either increasing the risk of heart disease – I don’t believe everything I read because
side of your body between your waist and multiplying the possibilities of developing a a lot of what people say is marketing not
the top of your legs serious medical condition in your heart science.
kidney /ˈkɪdni/ – one of the two organs a temperature – the feeling of being hot I always check the website to find out what
in your body that clean your blood and because you are ill kind of domain it is (.edu, .gov, .org, .net,
remove waste dizzy – feeling as if you or the things .com), as well as finding out who the author
liver /ˈlɪvə(r)/ – the organ in your body that around you are spinning, especially when is and when the article was published.
cleans your blood and produces bile (= a you think you are going to fall I check who the organisation is, who is
liquid that helps your body process fat) paying for the article and what they want
shivering – shaking slightly, for example,
to sell. I try to crosscheck information using
lungs /lʌŋz/ – one of the two organs in your because you are cold or frightened
at least three independent resources if I
chest that fill with air when you breathe treated – cured
have a doubt. I ask myself about authority,
skin /skɪn/ – the outer layer of a person’s or got over – recovered from objectivity and reliability.
animal’s body injured myself – did damage to myself/hurt 5
thigh /θaɪ/ – the top part of your leg, above myself
adjusts = to change something slightly in
your knee twisted – injured a part of your body by order to make it better
throat /θrəʊt/ – the area at the back of your bending it in the wrong direction
mouth and inside your neck sponsored = paid for as a way to advertise
sprained – injured a joint such as your wrist
products or services
toe /təʊ/ – one of the five individual parts by suddenly stretching or turning it too much
at the end of your foot. Your big toe is the marketing = the ways in which a company
fracture – to crack a bone (but not
largest and your little toe is the smallest encourages people to buy its products
completely break it)
tongue /tʌŋ/ – the long soft piece of flesh lack = a situation in which you do not have
break – to crack or separate a bone into
fixed to the bottom of your mouth that you any, or enough, of something that you
two pieces
use for tasting, speaking, etc. need or want
operation – surgical intervention

disorder = an illness or medical condition 9 Chris: (healthy options at uni) fast-food

prevents us from = to stop us from doing Suggested answers chains; (UK government) individual’s
something 1 your computer breaks down. own choice; (encourage healthy eating)
roof (of mouth) = the hard top part of the 2 she finishes all her homework. knowledge about what’s in food
inside of your mouth 3 he hears you.
Listening p76
6 4 you are over 18.
Students’ own answers 5 I am sensible. 1
6 the TV is switched off. a scuba diving b surfing c pilates/gym
Grammar in context pp72–73 2
1a Developing vocabulary p73 Speaker 1: swimming
1 zero conditional 1a Speaker 2: basketball
2 second conditional a 2 b 4 Speaker 3: water sports
3 first conditional 1b Speaker 4: pilates
1b 1 c 2 g 3 b 4 e 5 a 6 f 7 d Speaker 5: diving
zero conditional: 3, 5 2 3
first conditional: 2, 4 1 back on your feet 2 keeps in shape Speaker 1: D
second conditional: 1, 6 3 pull through 4 black out 5 under Speaker 2: F
2 the weather Speaker 3: C
Suggested answers 3 Speaker 4: E
1 If you drink too much coffee, your heart 1 keep 2 out 3 down 4 under Speaker 5: A
beats really fast. 4 4
2 If you never do any exercise, you are Students’ own answers Students’ own answers
unfit.
3 If you only sleep a few hours a night, you Gateway to life skills pp74–75 Grammar in context pp76–77
get sick. 1 1
4 If you eat a lot of junk food, you risk your Students’ own answers 1 past perfect 2 would (not) have +
health. 2 present perfect 3 the past
5 If you sit in front of a computer all day, Short-term benefits of healthy eating: 2
you get bad eyesight. appearance (skin, hair), energy 1 ’d practised 2 would have become
3 Long-term benefits of healthy eating: 3 ’d been 4 would have got
1 If I were/was the prime minister, I would prevent chronic diseases 5 hadn’t explained 6 wouldn’t have learnt
ban junk food. British teenagers eat too much/many…:, 7 ’d injured
2 We’ll go to the concert if the tickets saturated fats, added sugars 3
aren’t too expensive./ We’d go to the British teenagers eat too little/few…: 1 She wouldn’t have caught a cold if she
concert if tickets weren’t too expensive dietary fibre, iron, vitamin A, riboflavin, hadn’t gone running in the rain.
3 correct calcium, magnesium, etc. 2 If I had known how to play tennis properly,
4 What will you do if it rains all day 3 I wouldn’t have injured myself last week.
tomorrow? 1 slightly better 3 The stadium would have been full if the
5 If I had a million pounds, I’d travel 2 teenage girls match had been important.
around the world. 3 children from families with higher incomes 4 She would have won the race if she
6 If you mix blue and yellow, you get green. 4 none hadn’t twisted her ankle.
7 correct 5 No, it is highest in socially deprived 5 If we had drunk water before the race,
8 What will you do if you lose the match?/ children. we wouldn’t have been so thirsty.
What would you do if you lost the match? 6 School needs to highlight the 6 If the sun had shone, we would have
4 importance of good nutrition and provide swum in the sea.
1 would, live 2 had 3 go healthy food and drink in schools 7 If he had needed extra vitamins, he
4 would, meet 7 Quite positive – there have been would have taken them.
5a improvements, but there is still room for 4
Students’ own answers improvement 2 If he’d had enough time yesterday, he
5b 6 would have done sport./He would have done
Students’ own answers Sam: (healthy options at uni) fruit and sport yesterday if he’d had enough time.
6 vegetables at cafés, no posters or campaigns; 3 If she hadn’t got up late, she wouldn’t
a unless b Provided/Providing that, (UK government) campaigns for younger have missed the bus./She wouldn’t have
As long as c in case children; (encourage healthy eating) missed the bus if she hadn’t got up late.
7 change school menu, water more available 4 If the water hadn’t been cold, I would
1 in case 2 as long as 3 unless Vanessa: (healthy options at uni) salad bar have swum./I would have swum if the water
4 as long as 5 providing 6 in case in Students’ Union but next to fast-food hadn’t been cold.
7 as long as place; (UK government) schools and canteens 5 If we’d had rackets, we would have played./
8 more healthy options, students – limited We would have played if we’d had rackets.
1 unless you want to lose 2 provided budget, unhealthy foods; (encourage healthy 6 If I’d had some sun cream, I would have
(that) you bring 3 if I were/was tall eating) try something new, exotic fruits sunbathed./I would have sunbathed if I’d
4 if you don’t switch it 5 as long as you Bea: (healthy options at uni) fresh produce, had some sun cream.
promise 6 unless I meant 7 would go salads; (UK government) sugar tax, 7 If he hadn’t been afraid of water, he would
if I were/was 8 in case it dentists, supermarkets, conflicted agenda; have learnt to surf./He would have learnt to
(encourage healthy eating) change general surf if he hadn’t been afraid of water.
attitude, good relationship with food

8 If her knee hadn’t hurt, she would have 5 3

gone for a run./She would have gone for a Introducing and sequencing arguments 1 pulled 2 weather 3 shape 4 top
run if her knee hadn’t hurt. Firstly, 5 down 6 feet
5 Adding arguments
1 the past perfect 2 about a past situation What is more, Speaking p82
3 the past simple 4 a present situation Furthermore, 1
5 would + infinitive 6 habitual behaviour In addition, To describe: at the top, in the background
that we want to change Making contrasts To compare and contrast: in both photos,
6 On the other hand, whereas
1 had gone 2 would listen 3 knew despite … To speculate: can’t be, might have
4 would make 5 had seen 6 had However, To give personal opinion: personally
7 Expressing consequences 2
a only b hadn’t c wouldn’t d Unless As a result, Students’ own answers
e didn’t f long g wouldn’t h take Expressing opinions 3
8 I think that Students’ own answers
1 I wish I was/were on a beach right now. Concluding 4
2 I wish you wouldn’t interrupt me when All in all, Students’ own answers
I’m talking. 6 5
3 If only I had studied more last night. Students’ own answers Example answers
4 correct 7 Personally, I like the second photo more
5 correct Students’ own answers than the first. I prefer going away for the
6 If only I could pass my exams without weekend for long walks or climbs more
studying. than just being lazy on a beach.
9a Language checkpoint: Unit 6 I love water sports and the sea and I’d
Students’ own answers love to learn how to windsurf. I think yoga
9b Grammar revision p81 makes you feel calm and peaceful, but I
Students’ own answers 1 would prefer to do windsurfing.
1 wouldn’t eat (second conditional)
Developing speaking p78 Listening p82
2 had known (third conditional)
1 3 would have called (third conditional) 6
See Exam success (Speaking: Negotiating 4 is (zero conditional) Students’ own answers
and collaborating) on page 144.
5 Will, give (first conditional) 7
2 a minerals b might c ten/10
6 had gone (third conditional)
Students’ own answers d dehydrates e basketball f drivers
7 will, tell (first conditional)
3 g teaspoons h Taurine i waste j diet
8 would get (second conditional)
2
4a a minerals b might c ten d dehydrates
1 They’ll let you in providing that you have e basketball f drivers g teaspoons
a choice b choose c best d better
your ID card. h Taurine i waste j diet
e Let’s
2 Take your mobile phone in case you
4b
need to call me. Writing p83
See Speaking bank on page 26.
3 We will win the match provided we do 9a
5
our best. 1 for 2 against 3 for 4 against
4 They won’t need Danny in the team 9b
Developing writing p79 unless someone is ill. Students’ own answers
5 We’ll be able to make sandwiches as long 10
1
as Kate remembers to bring the bread. Paragraph 1: State the topic of the essay
Example answers
6 You won’t finish in time unless you hurry. using general statements
The photo shows a stressed-out woman
3 Paragraph 2: Make points for (or against)
eating fast food, speaking on the phone,
and driving, all at the same time. It shows 1 I wish I was/were fit. Paragraph 3: Make points against (or for)
the stress of modern life and how people 2 I wish my sister would take less time in Paragraph 4: Conclusion – restate the
need to do too many things. the bathroom. most important arguments and give your
2 3 If only I’d bought the concert tickets own opinion
Students’ own answers yesterday. 11
3 4 If only my parents would let me have Students’ own answers
parties at home.
5 I wish I hadn’t eaten such a big lunch. Use of English p83
4a
6 I wish I wasn’t/weren’t allergic to cats. 12
1 Paragraph 1: Introduce the topic
Paragraph 2: Arguments for 1 unless I really needed
Vocabulary revision p81 2 wish I’d drunk
Paragraph 3: Arguments against
1 3 provided (that) you eat
Paragraph 4: Conclusion
1hip 2 lungs 3 thigh 4 kidney 4 ’d better not go
2 In for-and-against essays, the arguments 5 brain 6 forehead 7 tongue 5 were allowed to drink
are objective and equally balanced. An
2 6 picked up some orange juice
opinion essay is subjective as you only give
1 dizzy 2 allergic to 3 prescription 7 look under the weather
your side of the argument.
4 pressure 5 fractured 6 over 8 as long as you come
7 relieve

5 6
Unit 7 master his craft = become good at the skill 1 Yes, they do.
needed for his profession 2 No, we don’t.
Vocabulary p84
high-end = more expensive and more 3 Yes, the subject goes before the verb in
1 advanced reported questions (i.e. normal word order).
Example answers
devalued = reduce the value 4 No, reported questions are not real
Music: alternative, blues, classical, country, questions and therefore do not need
spins = in radio broadcasting, a spin is a
dance, folk, funk, heavy metal, hip hop, question marks.
single play of a song
house, indie, jazz, pop, punk, rap, rock, ska,
royalties = a payment that someone such 5 Questions that do not begin with a
soul, techno, world
as a writer or musician gets each time their question word are reported by using ask +
Films: action, adventure, animated, if/whether.
work is sold or performed
biographical, comedy, crime, documentary,
is it any wonder that = an expression that 7
drama, fantasy, historical, horror, martial
means that something isn’t surprising or Olivia wanted to know if Tom had ever
arts, musical, mystery, romance, science
that the following conclusion is obvious. been to a music festival.
fiction, sports, spy, thriller, war, western.
You can replace it with ‘I think it’s obvious Tom said he had and that he had been to
2
why …’ one the previous year.
a gig b live c stage d crowd
given way to = to be replaced by something, Olivia asked who had been the best band.
e recorded f tracks g lighting h lyrics
especially something newer or better Tom told her that he had really enjoyed the
i starred j role k performance l acting
imbalanced = unevenly or unfairly arranged Foo Fighters and that he was going to see
m plot n scene o soundtrack
3 6 them again later that year.
Students’ own answers Olivia said she might go if it wasn’t too
1 gig 2 lyrics 3 live 4 crowd
expensive. She asked him when they were
5 tracks 6 scene 7 record Grammar in context pp86–87 playing.
8 soundtrack
4 1 Tom said he thought the concert would
1 The tense of the verbs usually goes one be in July and asked her if she was going
1 download 2 stream 3 live streams to able to go. Olivia said she thought so.
tense ‘back’ in reported speech. Some
4 mobile device 5 purchase She told him that she had been saving up
tenses cannot go any further back and stay
6 file-sharing sites 7 peer-to-peer money to go to the US, but she still hadn’t
the same.
8 transfer got enough.
5 2 If the reporting verb is in the present
simple or present perfect (i.e. He says/He Tom wanted to know when Olivia thought
Students’ own answers she would be able to go. Olivia said she
has said), the tense does not change.
Reading p85 3 I changes to he in the reported speech. was probably going to go the following
4 When we use say, we do not need a year and that she would love to go to a
1 festival there.
personal object to say who you are saying
Students’ own answers 8a
something to. With tell, we must use a
personal object to say who we are saying
legal streaming of songs because 8b
something to.
songwriters aren’t paid fairly for their songs
5 No, we do not always need to use that Students’ own answers
which are streamed
after say and tell. 8c
3
1 Power to capture people’s emotions
Most tenses move one tense back, but
and imaginations, to transcend traditional
some tenses (i.e. past perfect/would) can’t Developing vocabulary p87
barriers of age, language and culture, and
go any further back and stay the same. 1
to generate positive social change.
1 past continuous 2 past perfect Nouns: download, file-sharing,
2 She wants to be fairly paid for her work.
3 past perfect continuous 4 past perfect marketplace, songwriter, soundtrack
3 They have more control over their work. 5 past perfect 6 would 7 would Adjectives: brand-new, fast-moving,
4 It was the most streamed song on Spotify 8 could 9 might 10 had to thought-provoking
and 13th most played song on Pandora. 3 2
5 Streaming services make big profits, but 1 there 2 that day 3 the day before In compound nouns, the stress usually
songwriters don’t. 4 the next/following day 5 that night falls on the first word. For compound
6 Buy albums and encourage streaming 6 the following (week/month/year) adjectives, we usually pronounce both
services to respect the value of song writing. 7 the previous (week/month/year) parts with equal stress.
4 8 a (week/month/year) before download, file-sharing, marketplace,
Example answers 4 songwriter, soundtrack
I don’t agree with Aloe Blacc’s arguments. 1 said 2 said 3 told 4 told 5 said brand-new, fast-moving, thought-provoking
Artists and musicians make enough money 6 said 3
as it is, and downloading a few songs won’t 5 1 c 2 b 3 g 4 h 5 f 6 e 7 d
hurt them much. True fans will still buy their 1 Steve says (that) he never buys DVDs. 8 a
albums or support them in other ways. 2 Sam told us (that) we had to leave if we 4
People already download music for free, so wanted to get to the cinema on time. 1 blockbuster 2 outcome 3 page-
let’s just leave it as it is.
3 Emma said (that) those books were hers. turner 4 drawback 5 feedback 6 box
I agree with Aloe Blacc. Music isn’t going 4 Alicia said (that) she was going to record office 7 turnout 8 screenplay
to be around much longer. I wouldn’t a new album.
like to work and not get paid. When we
5 Juliet said (that) the crowd had been
download music for free we are essentially
screaming throughout the concert.
doing this to the musician. We are, in
6 Dave told Simon (that) he would see him
effect, stealing their music.
the next day.

Gateway to 21st century skills 2 5

pp88 and 89 1 Superfans are people who devote most 1 seeing 2 arriving 3 for watching
1 of their time to their passion. 4 to go 5 not to tell 6 liking 7 to buy
2 Very important – they would be nothing 8 knowing
without the passion of their fans. 6
2
3 Sarah M is the world’s most famous 1 Connor apologised to Emma for not
superfan. waiting for her.
3
3 2 She warned Ashley not to come that way
1 f 2 c 3 a 4 d 5 g 6 h
1 F 2 T 3 F 4 T 5 NM 6 T because it was dangerous.
7 b 8 e
7 NM 8 F 9 T 10 NM 3 She accused Ella of taking the book from
4
4 the library.
b Some examples of successful projects
Students’ own answers 4 Elizabeth promised to tell her mum
include a video game and a digital music
exactly what had happened.
player. Grammar in context pp90–91 5 Taylor denied taking the CD.
c Crowdfunding can work well for albums,
1a 6 William’s dad told him not to go out with
books, films, video games, new technology,
Reporting verbs that have a person: his friends that weekend.
or even charities.
warn, remind 7 Cathy and Lucas agreed to help Lara
d The artist or creator can make the item
Reporting verbs that don’t have a with her homework the next day.
as they want to make it without commercial
person: explain, claim 8 The actor refused to let them take his
pressures, for example.
1b photo.
e You have to decide what you want to
explain – to tell someone something in a 7
achieve and offer in return, and then you
way that helps them understand it better Example answers
can make a video explaining the project
and the rewards. warn – to make someone conscious of a 1 Once somebody accused me of taking
possible problem or danger so that they something in a shop.
f A way to raise money for a project from
will not be hurt 2 I once refused to go to school.
a large number of people, usually via the
Internet. remind – to help someone to remember 3 When I was small, my parents insisted on
something that they have forgotten or not visiting my relatives every week.
g They usually get rewards, and they feel
considered 4 Once I promised to cook dinner for my
part of the project.
claim – to say that something is true, even mum.
h It’s very successful – in 2013 it was worth
though there is no definite proof 5 If you want to take up a new hobby, I
over $5.1 billion.
5 2a suggest you join the sports club.
a announced b claimed c agreed 6 Somebody once congratulated me on
d admitted e added f complained scoring a goal in a football match.
6
g warned h promised 7 My parents have always warned me not
2b to walk home alone at night.
7
b ‘Critics have destroyed my career.’ 8 At school, they always tell you to work
He used crowdfunding to fund a short film
c ‘I deserve criticism for my last film.’ harder.
that he had written.
Eighty people (backers) were involved in
d ‘I didn’t put much effort into the role.’ 8
funding his project e ‘And it was made too quickly.’ Students’ own answers
8 f ‘Critics have been making personal
insults about me in their reviews.’ Developing speaking p92
1 He chose the host for his campaign
g ‘I will do something if they continue.’ 1
because it was the biggest and most
well-known host, and it offered h ‘I will take legal action against them.’ Students’ own answers
international backers. 3 2
2 The money was mainly used for hiring 1 Tom complained that the film was too Students’ own answers
equipment and locations, and actors. short. 3
3 James’s crowdfunding video was a 2 Andy admitted that he wasn’t very good Girl: films don’t give enough importance
simple and personal video of James talking at remembering film titles. to women; the movie business needs more
directly to the camera. 3 Danny promised that he would female writers and directors; female stars
4 It was a very effective video because remember to give me my DVD back. can be just as successful as male stars;
James reached his target of £3,500. 4 The Prime Minister announced that the examples are Sandra Bullock in Gravity and
government was going to spend more Anne Hathaway in Interstellar.
5 If he did it again, he would have allowed
money on the arts. Boy: agrees that there are not enough
more time for getting all the information
5 Jack claimed that he hadn’t known it was female heroes in films, but he thinks the
ready before beginning the crowdfunding
illegal to download the film. situation is changing e.g. The Hunger
campaign.
6 Kate warned Josh that it was dangerous Games. They should use the test to
6 Yes, he does. Because you get to keep
to sit too close to the screen. evaluate a new film when writing the
creative control of the project and there
7 Jamie reminded Dave that the match screenplay.
aren’t many other ways to get the funding.
started at 7 pm. 4
Listening p90 4a Giving emphasis
1 1 refuse 2 ask 3 suggest Don’t forget that …
Suggested answers 4 apologise for 5 criticise somebody for There’s no doubt in my mind that …
The photo shows a group of fans holding 4b I really do think that …
out paper and pens for a celebrity to sign Students’ own answers I’m totally convinced that …
their autograph. You can’t deny that …

Giving examples tsunamis, volcanic eruptions,

For instance,
Language checkpoint: Unit 7 earthquakes: 80–90% of these happen in
Take …, for example the Pacific Ocean’s ‘Ring of Fire’
What about the case of …? Grammar revision p95 epidemics: can occur anywhere, but most
Look at … 1 likely to occur in countries with poor health
You only have to 1 he wasn’t able to 2 me I had to and hygiene standards
5 3 was on TV that night 4 that he had floods: most common in countries with
not passed 5 was sure those were their monsoons (periods of very heavy rainfall)
6 maybe they had made such as India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka
6a
Students’ own answers 2 forest fires: common in the western USA
1 Charlie asked Holly where she had just and Australia, sometimes in Mediterranean
6b
been. countries
2 He asked Jo if she wanted to go out that hurricanes: the Atlantic Ocean (these same
6c
night. tropical storms are known as cyclones in the
Students’ own answers northern Indian Ocean and Bay of Bengal,
3 Lucy asked the boy if he could speak
Developing writing p93 English. and as typhoons in the western Pacific Ocean)
4 Dave wondered if it would rain the landslides: can occur anywhere in the
1
following week. world, but they are most likely to happen
Students’ own answers in places at the bases of steep slopes, at
5 Sophie wanted to know how they had
2 the bases of drainage channels and on
done that stunt.
Students’ own answers developed hillsides
6 Grace asked Jack if he was going to buy
3 4
a car.
Paragraph 1: introduction; facts about the casualties – people who are injured or
7 Mum asked us what we had been doing
book and overview killed in an accident or military action
that morning.
Paragraph 2: plot aftershock – a small earthquake (= occasion
3
Paragraph 3: opinion when the Earth shakes) that happens after
a promised to do b accused one man of
Paragraph 4: summary and recommendation a bigger one
making c refused to answer d admitted
4 doing e confessed to copying victims – people who have been affected
The use of adjectives good is limited and f apologised for causing g told him not by a bad situation, such as an accident or
repeated. to do it an illness
5a survivors – people who are still alive
Students’ own answers Vocabulary revision p95 after an event that could have killed or
5b 1 destroyed them
Most are positive. The negative adjectives 1 live 2 scene 3 lyrics 4 starred injuries – physical damage done to a
are: awful, clichéd, predictable, scary (could 5 stage 6 role person or a part of their body
be positive), stupid, terrible, unconvincing, 2 collapsing – suddenly falling down
uninspiring 1 c, noun 2 f, noun 3 a, adjective put out – to make something stop burning
6 4 g, noun 5 b, adjective 6 e, noun tremors – movements in the Earth caused
Suggested answer 7 d, noun by an earthquake
Legend is a really amazing book for 3 ash – the grey powder that remains after
teenagers written by an American writer 1 live stream 2 mobile device something has burnt
called Marie Lu. 3 transfer 4 stream, download molten lava – rock in the form of hot liquid
The plot of the story is very gripping 5 purchase 6 file-sharing sites heading towards – moving in the direction of
because you’re never really sure what is panic – a sudden strong feeling of fear
going to happen next.
Unit 8 or worry that makes you unable to think
One clever thing about the book is both clearly or calmly
June and Day are narrators, so you know Vocabulary p96 spreading – affecting more people as it is
exactly what each of them think. There are 1a passed from one person or place to another
some convincing scenes where June and a earthquake b landslide c flood refugees – people who leave their country
Day’s feelings for each other change and d volcanic eruption e drought or their homes, especially during a war or
the plot takes lots of spectacular turns that other threatening event
1b
you don’t expect. torrential (rain) – rain that falls fast and in
1 epidemic /ˌepɪˈdemɪk/
In my opinion, this book is really appealing large amounts
2 tsunami /tsuːˈnɑːmi/
for teenagers because there is action and swept across – moved or spread quickly
romance, but it also makes perceptive points 3 avalanche /ˈævəˌlɑːntʃ/
through an area
about loyalty to family, friends and your 4 forest fire /ˈfɒrɪst ˈfaɪə(r)/
burst their banks – if a river bursts its banks,
country. I also like the brilliant descriptions 5 hurricane /ˈhʌrɪkən/
water rises above its sides and spreads
of how our world might be in the future. 2 over the surrounding area
If you’re a fan of stories that combine action, avalanche, drought, earthquake, epidemic,
evacuated – made to leave a building or
realistic characters and vivid descriptions, flood, forest fire, hurricane, landslide,
area because it is not safe
you’ll love Legend. tsunami, volcanic eruption
mud – very soft wet earth
7a 3
destruction – damage that is so severe
Students’ own answers Suggested answers
that something stops existing or can never
7b avalanches: snowy mountainous regions, return to its normal state
Students’ own answers e.g. the Alps
5
7c droughts: usually happen between 15 and 1 evacuate 2 sweeping 3 heading
Students’ own answers 20 degrees latitude 4 spreading 5 ash 6 survivors

6 4 I have been given information about

1 2 3 surviving earthquakes by my teacher.
5 Perhaps the casualties will be offered
Type of disaster landslide forest fires tsunami caused by
medical help.
earthquake
6 She was told the news when she arrived.
Where north-east Peru Spain Samoa 7 The refugees are not going to be
Casualties 28 people dead four firefighters none refused entrance into the country.
25 people missing dead 8 The scientists have been promised
50 people injured money for research by the government.
Damage 120 houses serious damage to no material damage 7
many houses Students’ own answers
8
7 Grammar in context pp98–99 Students’ own answers
Students’ own answers 1a Developing vocabulary p99
1 Yes, they are all passive.
Reading p97 1
2 a past simple passive (was/were + past
2 participle) 1 on 2 from
1 a Survival Capsule 2
b present simple modal passive (modal +
2 to increase the chance of survivors be + past participle) 1 to 2 with 3 in 4 on 5 for
being able to survive a tsunami; to protect 6 about 7 of 8 for 9 to 10 on
c present simple passive (am/is/are + past
people from both fire and flood participle) 3
3 d present perfect passive (have + been + Example answers
1 b (… had evacuation towers … The past participle) 1 I occasionally spend money on designer
tsunami was much higher than expected …) 3 subject + (modal) + be + past participle clothes.
2 c (… many coastal areas with beaches (+ by + agent) 2 I hate waiting for the bus.
have a similar landscape, with long, 4 by introduces the agent of an action, 3 For the future, I dream of travelling
gradual slopes … it’s impossible to get to i.e. the person or the thing that does the around Peru.
sufficiently high ground fast enough.) action. 4 I know I can rely on my family and friends.
3 b (… (PSS) is designed to protect 1b 5 I never listen to heavy metal.
survivors not only in tsunamis, but also in 1 T 2 T 3 T 6 Once I had to apologise for being late
hurricanes, earthquakes and tornadoes. for school.
2
… There are currently five versions of the 7 I nearly always agree with what that TV
1 was hit 2 have been destroyed
capsule. They range in size from a basic presenter says.
3 will be controlled 4 be seen
two-person model … to one capable of 8 I don’t usually complain about having a
5 is measured 6 be built 7 were not
holding ten adults …) headache.
warned
4 b (If the sea rises, the line tying the 4
3
capsule to the ground gets longer.) Students’ own answers
1 Some areas of Africa have been affected
5 c (This is a small price to pay if, as
by a terrible drought./Some areas of Africa
Sharpe hopes, the Survival Capsules Gateway to life skills pp100–101
are being affected by a terrible drought.
increase people’s chances of surviving the 1
2 Twenty people were saved in the
next tsunami.) Students’ own answers
mountains by a rescue team yesterday.
4 2
3 A huge landslide hit a small town in Peru
Example answers 1 Ebola is a haemorrhagic fever. It is highly
last week.
I think a Survival Capsule is a good idea infectious and deadly, so patients need
4 Some people think that one day the
because it can save lives in many types of to be treated in isolation by staff wearing
Earth will be destroyed by a big meteorite.
disastrous situations. special protective clothing.
5 Our house was damaged by torrential
I think it’s a bad idea, because you can get 2 MSF has set up three specialised
rain last year.
trapped in the capsule. I also think they are treatment centres in the worst-hit areas.
very expensive and many people will not 6 More hurricanes have been predicted
for this summer. 3 In the rest of the poster, there will
be able to afford to buy one. be detailed information about how the
5 7 Have any people been injured in the fire?
treatment centres are set up.
in anticipation of = if you do something in 8 In rescue situations I think children must
be helped first.
3
anticipation of an event, you expect it to 1 (see text on poster)
happen and you prepare yourself for it 4a
2 Purple route = high-risk zone for
slopes = a straight surface that has one confirmed cases:
end higher than the other 4b
On the purple route, staff change into
range in size = vary in size It is more common to use the person (the
protective clothing, enter the wards in the
debris = the broken pieces that are left indirect object) as the subject of passive
high-risk zone to monitor suspected cases
when something large has been destroyed, sentences – 2b.
and treat confirmed cases in the treatment
especially by an explosion, fire or accident 5
wards. They then leave the high-risk zone
storage = space where things can be stored 1 a 2 b 3 a 4 b 5 b and go to the laundry, to wash and recycle
recedes = moves back from a high point 6 their clothes.
or level 2 The president of the company was paid 3 They want people to know that the
6 $40,000 for two Survival Capsules. special equipment is a significant cost and
Students’ own answers 3 The survivors are being offered financial they want people to know what they are
aid. going to buy with their donations.

4 The poster helps people understand 7 T (… her organisation has become a 5

how complex treating Ebola is, what the specialist in helping out two or three months a have died b it was c reported
process involves and to visualise how after a disaster strikes.) d thought e Some animals are known
donations will be used. 8 NM (There is no reference to this in the f that animals are g is h claimed
4 listening text.) 6
1 Staff are not allowed to touch each other 4 Example answers
to prevent infection. 1 (She was … with a friend of hers …) 1 People from my country are said to have
2 They plan exactly what they are going to 5 F (Petra uses her contacts in beauty and a good sense of humour.
do and what equipment they need. fashion to raise money.) 2 It’s well known that eating too much salt
3 They remove their suits and disinfect is bad for your health.
themselves. Grammar in context pp102–103 3 In the past, it was believed that the sun
4 To prevent the spread of Ebola to 1a revolved around the Earth.
people who have other diseases with 1 It is the subject in the first part of these 4 Last week in the news it was reported
similar symptoms. sentences. that the number of robberies had gone up.
5 They have to have had two negative lab 2 We use the passive in the first part of 5 Students are expected to do their
tests in a row, they shower in chlorinated the sentence because we want to make a homework.
water and receive clean clothes and a general statement about people’s views, 6 Sometimes I’m known to be a bit
food/vitamin pack. beliefs or opinions. forgetful.
6 They continue to get support from 3 The different tense shows if we are 7
psychologists and health promoters. talking about a present or past belief, Students’ own answers
5 thought, claim, expectation or knowledge.
Example answer 1b Developing speaking p104
I think it is a successful poster because it is believe – to think that a fact is true 1
very informative on a general and specific claim – to say that something is true, even 1 T 2 F 3 T 4 T 5 T 6 F
level about what Ebola is and how it can though there is no definite proof 2a
be cured, expect – to think that something will happen Students’ own answers
6 know – to have learnt or found out about 2b
Sam: - Bea: a, c, d Vanessa: a, b Chris: a, d something 1 25% 2 1/5 3 1/10 4 2/3 5 50%
7 report – to provide information about 6 4/5
Sam: spent a day raising money for an something that exists or has happened 3
environmental charity at his school, sold say – to think something, or to have a rose gradually – went up slowly
cakes, held events, a fun day particular opinion
a sharp increase – a very quick rise
Bea: has done a lot of fundraising for think – to believe something based on facts
tripled – multiplied by three
different charities, cancer and disaster or ideas
fell sharply – went down quickly and by a
charities, organised fun runs and cake 2
large amount
schools with her school, a few summers of 2 It was thought that the Earth was flat.
door-to-door fundraising, fantastic a slight increase – a small rise
3 It is claimed that natural disasters are
fluctuated – changed frequently
Vanessa: a fundraising event for a health becoming more frequent.
charity, children from local village did a stayed the same – did not change
4 It has been said that an asteroid will
bake sale and put on a performance a dramatic rise – a large increase
destroy the world one day.
Chris: dressed in fancy dress with a few a significant decrease – an important fall
5 It is expected that a big volcano will
friends and sung Christmas carols in a 4
erupt in Iceland soon.
local shop, a lot of fun, raised quite a lot of 1 rise, increase
6 It is known that volcanic ash can have a
money for a care home for the elderly terrible effect on planes. 2 rise significant(ly)/sharp(ly)/dramatic(ally)
7 It was reported that people heard the 3 fall significant(ly)/sharp(ly)/dramatic(ally)
Listening p102 4 a third
eruption of Krakatoa over 3,000km away.
1 8 It is said that one day an enormous 5 steadily
Students’ own answers earthquake with strike Los Angeles. 6 significant
2 3 7 significant(ly), sharp(ly), dramatic(ally)
Students’ own answers 1 T 2 T 3 T 4 T 5 T 8 the majority
3 4 5a
1 T (Her friend’s body was only found 1 Toads are said to sense earthquakes. Suggested answer
three months later.) 2 Bees are known to be very important for The pie chart shows different types of
2 T (The idea of this organisation is to the environment. natural disasters. If we relate the effects of
rebuild schools in areas around the world …) 3 Global warming is claimed to be these disasters to the population of a place,
3 T (It’s thought that Tilly saved around a responsible for many natural disasters. we can say that over one third of people
hundred lives …) 4 Many people were reported to have were affected by storms. Over one quarter
4 NM (The text says that Petra’s known to gone missing after the eruption. of people were affected by droughts and a
have been very impressed by Tilly, but it 5 The Titanic was believed to have been similar number of people were affected by
doesn’t say that she has met her.) unsinkable. floods. Over one in twenty people were
5 F (She uses her status as a supermodel 6 Everest wasn’t known to be the highest affected by earthquakes. Only about three
to get support from big companies that mountain until 1852. in every hundred people were affected by
work in the world of beauty and fashion.) 7 Pompeii is said to be the one of the extreme temperatures and just over one
6 NM (There is no reference to this in the most popular tourist attractions in Italy. per cent by epidemics
listening text.) 8 A meteorite is believed to have caused
the extinction of dinosaurs.

5b 2 2 a (On the Monday we contacted all

Suggested answer 2 I was given a camera for my birthday. those on our Volcano Hotline and started
This graph shows how the number of floods They gave me a camera for my birthday. making travel plans for those wanting to
around the world rose gradually between 3 They are being shown a film about see the eruption.)
1980 and 1999. Then there was a sharp natural disasters. They are showing them a 3 a (Ten days later I found myself on a
increase in the number of floods between film about natural disasters. plane bound for Keflavik with two of my
2000 and 2003. Between 2000 and 2004, 4 Young children are often told stories by children Ben (16) and Gemma (13) – we
the number of floods increased by over 50%. their parents. Parents often tell their young had also been bitten by the volcano bug.)
In 2004 there was a significant decrease, but children stories. 4 b (Just after lunch the next day we took
in 2005, the number of floods rose sharply. 5 The actor has been paid a million dollars. one of the helicopters based at the hotel
The highest point was in 2006 when there They have paid the actor a million dollars. for the most amazing flight I have ever
were over 200 floods around the world. 6 I was lent some money by my sister. My experienced in my life.)
The number of floods then dropped and sister lent me some money. 5 b (All too soon it was time to go and the
fluctuated between 2006 and 2008. 7 We were taught mathematics by a helicopter returned to collect us.)
5c new teacher. A new teacher taught us 6 b (Driving Superjeeps is an Icelandic art
Students’ own answers mathematics. and our driver, Ragnar, was both skilled and
8 He has been offered a job by the great company.)
Developing writing p105 government. The government has offered
1 him a job. Listening p109
Students’ own answers 3 3
2 1 It is often claimed that Paris is one of 1 F (It’s basically a private jet company. …
Students’ own answers the most beautiful cities in the world./Paris you hire a plane…)
3 is often claimed to be one of the most 2 NM
Paragraph 1: Introduction. General beautiful cities in the world. 3 T
statement on the topic and opinion 2 Galileo Galilei is said to have invented 4 NM
Paragraph 2: First and most important the telescope. 5 T
reason for opinion 3 An accident was reported to have 6 T
Paragraphs 3 and 4: One or two other started the fire./The fire was reported to 7 F (They promise to supply you with
reasons for opinion have been started by an accident. generator-produced electricity … So that
Paragraph 5: Summary and conclusion. 4 Avalanches are said to be caused by if you have a business, you can keep it
Restate opinion loud noises. running despite the storm.)
4 5 A long time ago the Moon was believed 4
Expressing opinions: In my opinion, I to be made of cheese Students’ own answers
believe that 6 The eruption of Krakatoa is thought to 5
Adding ideas: What is more, Another have turned the skies orange in 1883. Students’ own answers
thing to bear in mind is that, Furthermore 6
Putting ideas in order: The first point to
Vocabulary revision p107
make is that 1
7
Contrasting ideas: However, Although 1 If water floods a place, it covers it.
Giving emphasis: You have to remember
Concluding: In conclusion 2 a situation in which a disease spreads
that …; I really do think that …; You can’t
5 very quickly and infects many people
deny that …
Students’ own answers 3 a heavy fall of earth and rocks down the
Giving examples: Take …, for instance;
6a side of a mountain or steep slope
You only have to think of …
Students’ own answers 4 a long period of time when there is little
8
6b or no rain and crops die
Students’ own answers 5 when a large area of land and trees is
9
burnt
2
Language checkpoint: Unit 8 1 torrential 2 casualty 3 put out
4 spread 5 head towards 6 evacuate Unit 9
Grammar revision p107 7 collapse 8 ash
Vocabulary p110
1 3
1 e 2 b 3 d/g 4 a 5 f 6 c 1
1 The boy and girl were rescued by a boat. 1 f dishwasher – a machine that washes
7 d/g
2 The damaged towers are going to be dishes
rebuilt by a Japanese company. 2 j washing machine – a machine that
3 A famous architect had designed the Gateway to exams: Units 7–8 washes clothes
airport. 3 l webcam – a camera connected to a
4 The port won’t have been destroyed by Reading p108 computer that produces images that can
the waves. be seen on a website
5 The awards are being presented by 1
Students’ own answers 4 a remote control – a piece of equipment
Petra Nĕmcová tonight. that you use for controlling a machine, such
6 A report should have been written about 2
as a television or stereo system, from a
the catastrophe. 1 b (By 9 o’clock on Sunday morning
short distance away
7 A local politician might open the school. our team was in the office, making sure
everyone travelling with us in Iceland and 5 e headphones – a piece of equipment
those who were about to travel were fully that you wear over your ears to listen to
briefed on the situation.) something without other people hearing it

6 k flash drive – a small plastic disk drive Reading p111 6 correct

that stores information and that you can 1a 7 correct
carry around with you. You connect the 8 This is the friend who/that/– I told you
Example answers
flash drive to a computer when you want to about.
I can see a group of young people relaxing
use the information 3
while using different technology. I think a
7 c microwave – an oven that cooks food screenager is a teenager who spends a lot The relative pronouns can be omitted in:
very quickly by passing electricity through of time online. a, d, h and l, because these are all defining
it, instead of using heat relative clauses where the relative pronoun
1b
8 g vacuum cleaner – a piece of electrical Students’ own answers is followed by a noun or pronoun.
equipment that cleans floors by sucking (b, c, e, i, j, k are also defining relative
2
up dirt clauses but the relative pronouns are
1 E 2 C 3 B 4 F 5 A 6 G 7 D
9 b food processor – a piece of electrical followed by a verb. f and g are non-defining
3
equipment used for cutting food into very relative clauses.)
small pieces or mixing different foods Example answers
4
together I agree with the description of Gen Z.
1 The inventor of the remote control,
We can quickly sort through and assess
10 i digital camera – a camera that takes whose name was Robert Adler, didn’t like
enormous amounts of information. If we
and stores pictures in the form of electronic watching TV.
are interested in something, we are very
signals 2 Remote controls, which first appeared
committed and focused.
11 h satnav – satellite navigation: a system in 1956, were originally called ‘space
I don’t agree with everything in the text.
for finding the best way to a place using commands’.
It implies that we are very different from
information from satellites. It is often found 3 Robert Adler went to university there in
previous generations, but I think we still
in cars Vienna, where he was born./Robert Adler,
have to be able to communicate clearly
12 d keyboard – a piece of computer who was born in Vienna, went to university
in person, and this is the number-one skill
equipment with keys on it, used for putting there.
for our future success. This is the same for
information into a computer 4 Adler, who invented more than 180
every generation.
2 different things, was a brilliant physicist./
4
1 device 2 network 3 touch screen Adler, who was a brilliant physicist,
at the heart of = the most important or
4 charger 5 broadband 6 wireless invented more than 180 different things.
basic part of something
7 coverage 8 drop-down menu 5 Adler, whose most successful invention
the norm = something that is usual or
9 glitch 10 plug was the remote control, was especially
expected
3 proud of his work on touch screens.
ingenious = uses new and clever ideas
1 both correct 6 His remote control, which was replaced
recession = period of time when trade and
2 gone dead (recharge – to put more by infrared systems in the 1980s, used
industry are not successful and there is a lot
power into a battery) ultrasonic frequencies.
of unemployment
3 insert (plug in – connect a piece of 7 In 2007, when he was ninety-three,
burying their heads in = to give all your
equipment to an electricity supply) Robert Adler died./ Robert Adler died in
attention to something
4 both correct 2007, when he was ninety-three./ Robert
5 Adler, who was ninety-three, died in 2007.
5 upgrade (install – to put a new program Students’ own answers
or piece of software into a computer so 8 Adler wasn’t very interested in his own
that you can use it) Grammar in context pp112–113 invention, which changed the way we live.
6 set (delete – to remove information /Adler, whose invention changed the way
1 we live, wasn’t very interested in it himself.
stored in a computer) 1 a, c, d. They do not have commas.
7 select (adjust – to change something 5
2 b, e, f. They have commas. The boy in the photo is Adam Cudworth.
slightly in order to make it better, more 3 We use which with things. We use who
accurate or more effective) He sent a camera up into space. The
with people. photos that Adam took look like they could
8 pinching (swipe – to move your finger 4 We use whose for possessions, when for
across the screen of a smartphone or be images from NASA.
times, where for places and why for reasons. 6
tablet)
5 Yes, we can replace which with that in 1 B 2 B 3 D 4 B 5 B 6 C 7 B
9 disconnect (connect – to join two things defining relative clauses.
together) 8 C 9 A 10 B
6 No, we can’t replace which with that in
10 hold (tap – to touch something gently) non-defining relative clauses. Developing vocabulary p113
4 7 No, we can’t omit the relative pronoun in 1
The instructions are for setting the day, non-defining relative clauses. 1 g 2 b 3 e 4 h 5 d 6 c 7 j
date and time on a computer. 8 No, we can’t omit the relative pronoun 8 a 9 f 10 i
5 in sentences a or d because which and who 2
Example answer are followed by verbs. 1 to scroll up/down
Turn the mobile on. Type in your pin code 9 Yes, we can omit the relative pronoun 2 to print something out
and wait for the phone to get a signal. in sentence c because it is followed by a 3 It zooms in.
Select your friend’s name from your contacts noun/pronoun.
list and press the ‘call’ button. Put the 4 It isn’t picking up a signal.
2
phone to your ear and wait for your friend 5 The battery’s running out.
1 My tablet, which I bought last week, is
to answer. 6 The alarm is going off.
already broken!
6 2 I think that’s the phone that I saw it. Gateway to academic skills
Students’ own answers 3 correct pp114 and 115
7 4 correct
5 They’re the two people whose invention Students’ own answers
became really popular.

2 3 information down … lazy … students will

Students’ own answers 1 forgot to send that email 2 likes to forget how to write … take photos or video
3 wear a tie 3 stop interrupting me teachers, or other students … cheat in exams.
Students’ own answers 4 I remembered to send 5 like making 4
4 6 work to have 7 remember losing 1 checking whether your partner has
Students’ own answers 8 remember to meet me 9 stopped understood you
5 talking 10 never forget spilling orange 2 asking your partner to clarify something
juice 5a
6 4 The circles mark where the stress falls in the
1 I have to go back home because I forgot sentence.
to switch the oven off. 5b
7
2 Can you remember to bring me my book Students’ own answers
Sam: 1 university has online system of
tomorrow because I need it? 5c
resources, types up essays and communicates
with lecturer on computer; 2 variety of
3 correct Do you get what I’m saying?
resources online; 4 doubt face-to-face 4 Stop playing that song because it’s awful. Are you following me?
teaching will disappear – people learn 5 I like to get up early when I have an exam Are you with me?
more from human teachers; 5 a reliable 6 correct What I mean is …
digital word- or essay-checker to improve 7 I’ll always remember meeting you for Yes, that’s exactly what I mean.
writing and take work away from teachers the first time last summer. No, that’s not quite what I mean.
Vanessa: 1 phone, but mostly laptop; 8 correct Are you saying that …?
2 saving copies, editing documents, 5 If I understand you correctly, …
sending information; 3 too reliant on the Students’ own answers In other words …
internet; 4 face-to-face interaction is how 6 What do you mean when you say …?
we thrive; 5 a gadget to allow data to be Students’ own answers I’m not sure what you mean by …
downloaded straight into your brain
Developing speaking p118 Could you go over that again?
Bea: 1 internet, university’s database; 2 all
Sorry, I’m not with you.
the information at your fingertips; 3 spelling 1
I don’t understand what you’re getting at.
and grammar suffer; 4 face-to-face teaching Students’ own answers
will continue; 5 a virtual helmet for an 5d
2a
immersive learning experience Students’ own answers
Chris: 1 coding course – software and 6
2b
hardware he needs; 2 access presentation Students’ own answers
Example answers
slides after lectures; 3 no disadvantages; 7
For:
4 face-to-face teaching won’t disappear – Students’ own answers
■ Times have changed and schools
certain things need experts for; 5 free wi-fi
for everybody
should be making the most of modern Developing writing p119
technology.
8 1
■ It is more important for pupils to use Students’ own answers
Students’ own answers the latest technology than learn dates in
2
Listening p116 history: use smartphones to create apps
The style is formal because it is a report for
or record videos.
1 the head of the school.
■ In class we should use the good
things that smartphones can offer –
2 applications and access to the Internet.
The report is in a formal style.
Speaker 1: b 4
■ It’s fun: smartphones motivate students.
Speaker 2: c 1 Each student thinks that it is important.
■ Students look after smartphones.
Speaker 3: d 2 correct
■ Not every classroom offers students
Speaker 4: a 3 None of the students wanted to visit the
access to a computer, so devices like
3 website.
smartphones, even if you have to pair
1 b 2 d 3 a 4 c 5 d 6 d 7 b up, are very useful. 4 correct
8 a 9 a 10 d Against:
5 A good website needs a lot of/lots of
4 time and effort.
■ Smartphones are easily lost or stolen.
Students’ own answers 6 correct
■ They distract students’ attention.
5 7 correct
■ There can be a misuse of technology:
Students’ own answers 8 Most of the people in our class find the
cyberbullying, texting friends in class, etc.
website boring.
Grammar in context pp116–117 3
5
The man is for the idea of students taking
1a Students’ own answers
mobile phones into class and the woman is
sentences 2a and 2b against it.
1b Man: They’re a part of daily life now … Language checkpoint: Unit 9
1 a 2 b 3 b 4 a 5 a 6 b 7 b use your phone as a dictionary in English
8 a lessons … Or … connect to a map if you’re
2 Grammar revision p121
studying geography … smartphone … like
1 playing 2 to do 3 to go 4 to eat a pen. 1
5 to bring 6 to give 7 eating 8 to get Woman: They can do that at the weekend 1 who 2 when 3 which 4 which
… take a photo instead of copying the 5 that/– 6 whose

2 2 5 correct
Example answers Students’ own answers 6 They went to bed early because the next
1 Argentina is a country where you can 3 day was going to be be very busy.
find lots of natural wonders. 1 NM 4a
2 2014 was the year when Germany won 2 F (PETA argue that although students Suggested answers
the World Cup. may get rid of their stress with a petting 1 I knew it was going to be a great day
3 Caviar is a type of food which/that zoo, these zoos actually cause stress for the because the sun was shining.
comes from a fish called a sturgeon. animals in them.) 2 I was going to do my homework when
4 Ice hockey is a sport that/which is played 3 T (They believe that if students knew the the phone rang.
in Canada. facts, these zoos wouldn’t have become so 3 I never thought it would happen, but
5 Marie Curie was a scientist who created popular on campuses.) one day it did.
the theory of radioactivity. 4 T (Travel, confinement to small cages 4 I was meeting my friends the next day,
6 Tea is a drink which can be drunk hot or and rough handling cause animals intense but I came down with a cold.
cold. stress.) 5 I was going to call my parents when
7 Glass is a material which/that breaks 5 F (The students got excited. Reese suddenly they called me.
easily if it’s dropped. already had plans – he was going to buy a 6 The car was about to hit the dog when it
3 car for his mum, and a boat!) swerved at the last moment.
1 to switch 2 painting 3 writing 6 T (The students knew that they hadn’t 4b
4 to go 5 seeing 6 to do 7 playing earned the money …) Students’ own answers
7 NM 5
Vocabulary revision p121 4 1 Mixed conditionals are a mixture of
1 Example answer second and third conditionals.
1 network 2 drop-down menu The texts outline the events as they 2 a
3 webcam 4 headphones happened and appear not to judge 3 b
5 broadband 6 wireless people’s actions. In the first text, it is clear 6
2 that PETA disapproves of petting zoos and 1 b, c (In b, the speaker would currently
1 press 2 pinch 3 insert 4 freeze there are no arguments in favour so we are take photos; in c, they would have taken
5 adjust 6 delete 7 recharge encouraged to criticise wrong behaviour. photos in the past, but not now.)
3 However, in the second text, we are 2 b, c (In b, the speaker doesn’t like
1 up 2 pick 3 out 4 popped 5 on encouraged to value the college students’ science fiction movies now; in c, they didn’t
6 in 7 off right behaviour. like science fiction movies at that time in
5 the past.)
Unit 10 a bad bet = a bad idea 3 b, c (In b, she currently/regularly takes
confinement = forced to stay in a place, the medicine that helps her; in c, she took
Vocabulary p122 especially in a prison or a cage, and not the medicine in the past.)
1 allowed to leave 4 b, c (In b, it focuses on the present
Students’ own answers bouncy castles = large plastic structures situation – people would still be dying;
2 filled with air, and often in the shape of a in c, it refers to people in the past.)
Students’ own answers castle. Children play on them by jumping 5 b, c (In b, the speaker is talking about
3 up and down, for example at a party or a a hypothetical future; in c, it refers to a
funfair. possible lie in the past.)
4 smelly = with an unpleasant smell 7
1 a 2 c 3 d 4 b pick = select 1 If Jenna didn’t love taking photos, she
5 empty-handed = without getting anything wouldn’t have joined a camera club.
a A (new) government plan has been for your effort 2 If Sam hadn’t spent lots of time studying,
supported by universities. 6 he wouldn’t be a journalist now.
b A football star has resigned after a Text 1: It’s really cruel. I think we should 3 If they hadn’t spent years making their
disagreement with his manager. start a campaign to boycott petting zoos. new film, it wouldn’t be great.
c People are worried about a new virus. Text 2: They did the right thing. Your 4 If they knew where the key was, they
d Police are holding an investigation into actions, whether good or bad, will often would have opened the door.
possible/suspected corruption. have consequences that you can’t predict. 5 If they could speak English, they would
e There is a connection between a spy have interviewed the actor.
Grammar in context pp124–125
mystery and an explosion in the city centre. 6 If I had known you were coming, I would
1 have something for you to eat.
f The government is taking a step towards
making fast-food advertising illegal.
1 were about to 2 was going to 3 was 7 He wouldn’t have a new phone if he
to turn to 4 would have 5 was opening hadn’t lost his old one.
g An important politician has been
involved in a tense situation in a plane.
2 8 If I had remembered to do my homework
6 a playing b about c going to yesterday, I wouldn’t have to do it now.
d would e to f would survive g were
1 c 2 b 3 d
3 Developing vocabulary p125
7
1 They sky went black and it looked like it 1
was about to rain very soon. Students’ own answers
Reading p123 2 correct 2
1 3 They were to get an incredible surprise a news item b hold a press conference
the day after. c make the headlines d news updates
4 They thought it would snow/was going e breaking news f front-page-news
to snow the next day, but it didn’t.

g newsflash h turn of events Grammar in context pp128–129 ➚

5 We’re going to be on TV one day, aren’t we?
i keep you informed 1a
3a
➘
a What did the man look like? 6 You read the news yesterday, didn’t you?
1 informed 2 newsflash 3 press b What did he do then? ➘
4 front 5 headlines 6 items 7 She never comes late, does she?
c What was your reaction when you found ➚
7 breaking out? 8 We’ve got homework tonight, haven’t we?
3b d Why did he give you the picture? 10c
e Would you sell it?
f What will you do with the money? 11a
Gateway to life skills pp126–127
1b Students’ own answers
1a
1 The subject comes before the verb (like 11b
Example answer
in a statement). Students’ own answers
I agree with this statement. Some
2 We use question marks when the first 11c
newspapers run stories without checking
part of the sentence is a question. Students’ own answers
if they are true or not. There are people
who make a living by inventing stories
3 Indirect questions are usually more
formal and polite. Developing speaking p130
and selling them to newspapers. Many
2 1
newspapers print them and then other
1 long it took you 2 know whether he Students’ own answers
newspapers print the same story. That’s
how stories spread around the world very was talking 3 any idea why he doesn’t 2
quickly, whether they are true or not. 4 wonder what other artists think Students’ own answers
1b 5 if this is the 6 why you decided to give 3
7 he does each year Students’ own answers
2 3 4
1 I’d like to know how long you have lived There’s no denying that …
in this area. You can’t argue with the fact that …
3a
2 Can you tell me what you think of graffiti? Let’s not forget that …
3 Have you any idea what you’re going to Having said that,
3b
do this summer? 5
4 Can I ask how often you watch the news Students’ own answers
4
on TV? 6
5 I wonder if you could tell me if you’re Students’ own answers
5 interested in sport.
6 Do you know how many people read Suggested asnwers
6 showbiz news?
Students’ own answers Introducing and sequencing arguments:
7 I’d like to ask if you’ve ever met I’d like to begin by saying; Firstly;
7 somebody famous. Secondly; Finally
1 live feeds 2 reliable 3 many sources 4
4 shot 5 personal gain 6 jump to Stating your opinion/making main
Students’ own answers points: I think (that); I don’t think (that);
conclusions 7 speculation 5a Personally, I think …; As far as I’m concerned;
Listening p128 Students’ own answers In my opinion; From my point of view
5b Adding arguments: Furthermore; What’s
1
Students’ own answers more; In addition
6 Making contrasts/presenting and
2
1 T 2 T 3 T 4 T 5 F 6 T responding to opposing points: On the
7 one hand; On the other hand; In contrast;
3
1 h 2 b 3 a 4 g 5 e 6 c 7 f However
1 b (His clothes certainly weren’t very
8 d Concluding: In conclusion; To sum up
smart. I specially remember that his jacket
8 8
was small and didn’t go over his arms.)
2 b (… it was a print … He signed it …
And he added colours at the top.) 9
1 don’t they 2 aren’t I 3 shouldn’t we Developing writing p131
3 a (He actually said to me ‘This will be
4 won’t it 5 aren’t we 6 didn’t you 1a
worth about £20,000.’ I didn’t really believe
that at first, which is why I looked him up
7 does she 8 haven’t we Students’ own answers
on the Internet when I got home.) 10a 1b
4 a (But what we’ve decided to do now is 1 falling intonation on question tag Students’ own answers
… my mum is going to take the picture and 2 rising intonation on question tag 2
get some experts to examine it, and see The speaker sounds more certain in … who or what, in your opinion, people are
what they say.) sentence 1 (falling intonation). talking about right now.
5 b (It’s great to see somebody getting 10b … why you think people are talking about
an immediate reward for a simple act of
➚ them …
1 Everybody likes the summer, don’t they?
kindness.) ➘ …. give us your own opinion …
4 2 I’m right, aren’t I? 3
Students’ own answers ➘ Yes, it includes the necessary information.
3 We should use question tags, shouldn’t we?
➚
4 The news will be on soon, won’t it?

4 7 T (Thanks to another offer, the taxi driver

a Despite the fact that b At first could have recorded an album if he was
c since d However e as f As far as interested in starting a music career.)
I’m concerned g as 8 F (Immediately after finding the money,
5 Gori began to look for the couple. … He
2 f 3 a 4 b 5 e 6 c always knew he wouldn’t take the money
6 for himself.)
2 b 3 a 4 d 5 c 6 f 4
Listening p135
5
Language checkpoint: Unit 10 Students’ own answers
6
Grammar revision p133 1 b 2 c 3 a 4 c 5 a 6 b 7 a
1
Use of English p135
1 would 2 going 3 to 4 was 5 to
2 7
1 would be 2 had passed 3 would Example answer
have called 4 had won 5 would have Criminals Beware! GPS tracking app
finished catches gang of robbers
3 8
1 Can you tell me what you want? 1 D 2 B 3 D 4 C 5 A 6 D
2 I would like to know how you are. 7 C 8 D
3 Do you know what time it is? Writing p135
4 Have you any idea whether he drinks
9
coffee?
Suggested answer
5 I want to know how you did that.
Introduction
4
Findings
1 do they 2 do 3 hasn’t 4 am
5 there My opinion
Conclusion
Vocabulary revision p133
1
1 obituaries 2 gossip
3 weather forecast 4 entertainment
5 have your say 6 features
2
1 f 2 e 3 c 4 h 5 a 6 g 7 b
3
1 press conference 2 events
3 news item 4 updates 5 informed
6 front page
Gateway to exams: Units 9–10
Reading p134
1
2
3
1 NM
2 F (After looking at Cent’s records they
found out …)
3 T (… because we are of Polish origin, his
story really stuck with us.)
4 NM
5 NM
6 T (A website set up in his honour has so
far received donations of over $14,580 to
reward him.)


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Student’s Book answer key B2

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Developing vocabulary p9 Listening p12 Student D: question 3

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employee /ɪmˈplɔɪiː/ – someone who is trials = the process of testing a product,

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6 2 Developing speaking p26

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3 8a Grammar in context pp46–47

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7 You need to try harder if you want to be 4 Grammar in context pp50–51

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Developing speaking p52 2

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Listening p64 5 William isn’t here. He must have gone 5

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3 veins and arteries /ˈveɪnz n ˈɑː(r)təriz / – A tube 5a

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disorder = an illness or medical condition 9 Chris: (healthy options at uni) fast-food

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8 If her knee hadn’t hurt, she would have 5 3

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Gateway to 21st century skills 2 5

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Giving examples tsunamis, volcanic eruptions,

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6 4 I have been given information about

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4 The poster helps people understand 7 T (… her organisation has become a 5

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5b 2 2 a (On the Monday we contacted all

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6 k flash drive – a small plastic disk drive Reading p111 6 correct

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2 3 information down … lazy … students will

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g newsflash ​​h turn of events Grammar in context pp128–129 ➚

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4 7 T (Thanks to another offer, the taxi driver

Gateway to exams: Units 9–10

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g newsflash h turn of events Grammar in context pp128–129 ➚