Tutorial Sheet 8

1. The document discusses DC machines and provides solutions to 10 multiple choice questions about DC motor and generator concepts. 2. Key concepts covered include armature reaction, types of DC compound motors, characteristics of separately excited DC generators, and calculations of flux, generated EMF, power developed, torque, and pole shoe area based on machine specifications. 3. The questions and solutions provide an example assignment to assess understanding of fundamental DC machine design and operating principles.

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Tutorial Sheet 8

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Assignment.

Course: Electrical Machines

Topic(s): DC Machines
1. Normally (when there is no armature reaction) the brushes are aligned with the
magnetic neutral axis. Due to armature reaction, in case of DC motors, the brushes
are shifted
(a) Forward same as the direction of rotation
(b) Backwards opposite to the direction of rotation
(c) Either (a) or (b)
(d) None of the above
Solution: (Answer :b)

2. Differentially compounded DC motors are mainly used in

(a) Drilling machines
(b) Elevators
(c) Electric traction
(d) None of the above
Solution: (Answer :d)

3. A long shunt compound motor and a short shunt compound motor should be of
(a) Cumulative type and differential type, respectively.
(b) Differential type and cumulative type, respectively.
(c) Both can be of either cumulative or differential type.
(d) None of the above
Solution: (Answer :c)

4. A separately excited generator, when running at 1200 rev per min, supplies 200A
at 125V to a circuit of constant resistance. What will be the current when the speed
is dropped to 1000 rev per min if the field current is unaltered? Armature resis-
tance : 0.04 Ω; total drop at brushes: 2 V; ignore change in armature reaction.

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(a) 130.87 A
(b) 116.17 A
(c) 87.48 A
(d) None of these
Solution: (Answer :d)
Initial speed, N1 = 1200 rpm
Load current, IL = 200 A
For a separately excited generator, armature current Ia = IL
Terminal voltage, Vt1 = 125 V
Load resistance, R L = Vt /IL = 0.625Ω
Armature resistance, R a = 0.04Ω
Total drop at brushes,Vb = 2 V
Generated voltage at 1200 rpm, E1 = Vt + IL R a + Vb = 135 V
New Speed, N2 = 1000 rpm
Generated voltage and terminal voltage at 1000 rpm is E2 and Vt2 , respectively.
For a separately excited generator, with constant field current,

E1 N
= 1
E2 N2

Hence, E2 = 112.5 V
Since the generator is feeding a load with constant resistance R L , load current
IL2 = Vt2 /R L

Terminal voltage at 1000 rpm, Vt2 = E2 − (Vt2 /R L ) R a − Vb (1)

Solving (1), Vt2 = 103.85 V

Load current IL2 = Vt2 /R L = 166.17 A
For questions 5 & 6
The armature of a 4-pole lap-wound dc machine has core length=30cm, diame-
ter=40cm, total conductors=500, speed =1200r.p.m, and current=20A.

5. For an average flux density of 0.5T, the electromagnetic power developed is:
(a) 9630 W
(b) 9580 W
(c) 9740 W
(d) None of the above.

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Solution: (Answer :d)
L = 0.3 m, r = 0.2 m, N = 1200 rpm, p = 4, Z = 500
Current, Ia = 20 A
Average flux density, Bav = 0.5 T

pφ
Bav =
2πrL
Hence, φ = 0.04712 wb
φZN P
Generated emf, Ea = 60 × A = 471.24 V
Power developed, = Ea Ia = 471.24 × 20 = 9424.8 W

6. For an average flux density of 0.5T, the internal torque is:

(a) 75 N-m
(b) 78 N-m
(c) 63 N-m
(d) None of the above.
Solution: (Answer :a)
From question (5), Ea Ia = 9424.8
Speed, ωm = 2πN/60 = 125.66 rad/s
Internal torque, Te = Ea Ia /ωm = 75 N − m

7. A shunt machine connected to 250 V mains has an armature resistance (including

brushes) of 0.12 Ω, and the resistance of the field circuit is 100 Ω. Find the ratio of
the speed as a generator to the speed as a motor, the line current in each case being
80 A.
(a) 1.08
(b) 0.85
(c) 0.9
(d) None of the above
Solution: (Answer :a)
Voltage, V = 250 V,
Armature resistance, R a = 0.12 Ω
Field resistance, Rsh = 100 Ω
Shunt field current, I f = V/Rsh = 2.5 A
Line current, Iline = 80 A

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Motor: Armature current, Ia = Iline − I f = 80 − 2.5 = 77.5 A
Back emf, Eb = V − Ia R a = 250 − (77.5 × 0.12) = 240.7 V

Generator: Armature current, Ia = Iline + I f = 80 + 2.5 = 82.5 A

Generated voltage, Ea = V + Ia R a = 250 + (82.5 × 0.12) = 259.9 V

speed as a generator/speed as a motor = Ea /Eb = 1.08

For questions 8, 9 & 10

A 1500-kw, 550 V, 16-pole lap-connected separately excited generator with 2500
conductors runs at 150 rev per min. The full-load copper losses are 25kW.

8. Find the no-load terminal voltage, neglecting armature reaction and change in
speed
(a) 532.83 V
(b) 559.16 V
(c) 538.22 V
(d) 515.56 V
Solution: (Answer :b )
Output power, P0 = 1500 kW
Voltage, V = 550 V
Full-load copper losses, Pcu = 25 kW
Speed, N = 150 rpm
Total number of conductors, Z = 2500
Armature current, Ia = P0 /V = 1500 × 103 /550 = 2727.27 A
Pcu = Ia2 R a
Hence, armature resistance, R a = Pcu /Ia2 = 3.36 mΩ
Generated emf, Eg = V + Ia R a = 559.16 V

9. Calculate the useful flux per pole.

(a) 0.0108 wb
(b) 0.0895 wb
(c) 0.0056 wb
(d) None of the above.
Solution: (Answer :b )
Output power, P0 = 1500 kW

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Voltage, V = 550 V
Full-load copper losses, Pcu = 25 kW
Speed, N = 150 rpm
Total number of conductors, Z = 2500
Armature current, Ia = P0 /V = 1500 × 103 /550 = 2727.27 A
Pcu = Ia2 R a
Hence, armature resistance, R a = Pcu /Ia2 = 3.36 mΩ
For lap wound machines, P/A = 1
φZN P
Generated emf, Eg = 60 × A = V + Ia R a = 559.16 V
Eg ×60
flux per pole, φ = Z× N × A P = 0.0895 wb

10. Calculate the area of the pole shoe if the gap density has a uniform value of
0.9 Wb/m2 .
(a) 981 cm2
(b) 924 cm2
(c) 946 cm 2
(d) 994 cm2
Solution: (Answer :d)
From question (9), flux per pole, φ = 0.0895 wb
Flux density, B = 0.9 wb/m2
Area of pole shoe, A = φ/B = 994 cm2

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