A THESIS SUBMITTED IN

PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY IN
CIVIL ENGINEERING

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF

THREE STOREY SCHOOL BUILDING

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

UNIVERSITY OF BATANGAS

LANTO, JOSEPH T.
1500760
 APPROVAL SHEET

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the subject CE 20L

(Structural Design 2 – Steel and Timber Design) Lab, this thesis entitled

Structural Analysis And Design Of A Three Storey Reinforced Concrete

School Building has been prepared and submitted by Lanto, Joseph T.

ENGR. LAILANIE LUNA

Adviser

THESIS COMMITTEE:

DR. HENRY I. CABATAY, REE

Chairman

ENGR. JAKE MARAMOT

Member

ENGR. APRIL JOHN MONTILLA

Member
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

At the outset, I express my deepest thanks to our Lord, the most

Gracious, the most merciful, the cherisher and sustainer of the worlds.
I am thankful to my parents who continuously look after me right
from my birth, provided me with the best facilities that they could
provide me and continuously encouraged me to perform well in my
studies and my daily life in general. All these factors were the favorable
conditions that made me to strive for the better future life. May the
almighty forgive me, my parents and all the believers on the Day of
Reckoning
I express my deepest gratitude to my teacher Mrs. Lailanie Luna who
as a mentor and Asstt. Professor in the Department of Civil Engineering
for her invaluable guidance and inputs. I thank her for allowing me to
work on this project and for her constant help and support throughout
my endeavor. I consider myself fortunate to have worked under her
supervision. It was a matter of great pleasure to have her as a guide in
the preparation of this project report.
I take this great opportunity to express my profound gratitude to the
faculty of Civil Engineering Department for their superlative flow of ideas
and guidance as well as moving inspirations all throughout the classes. I
owe a lot to them for their kind gesture in serving our teachers. I also
thank them for checking the report before submission.
 ABSTRACT

Structural design is the primary aspect of civil engineering. The

foremost basic in structural engineering is the design of simple basic
components and members of a building viz., Slabs, Beams, Columns and
Footings. In order to design them, it is important to first obtain the plan
of the particular building. Thereby depending on the suitability; plan
layout of beams and the position of columns are fixed. Thereafter, the
vertical loads are calculated namely the dead load and live load.
Once the loads are obtained, the component takes the load first i.e
the slabs can be designed. Designing of slabs depends upon whether it is
a one-way or a two-way slab, the end conditions and the loading. From
the slabs, the loads are transferred to the beam. The loads coming from
the slabs onto the beam may be trapezoidal or triangular. Depending on
this, the beam may be designed. Thereafter, the loads (mainly shear)
from the beams are taken by the columns. For designing columns, it is
necessary to know the moments they are subjected to. For this purpose,
frame analysis is done by Moment
Distribution Method. After this, the designing of columns is taken up
depending on end conditions, moments, eccentricity and if it is a short
or slender column. Most of the columns designed in this mini project
were considered to be axially loaded with uniaxial bending. Finally, the
footings are designed based on the loading from the column and also
the soil bearing capacity value for that particular area. Most importantly,
the sections must be checked for all the four components with regard to
strength and serviceability.
 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Structural analysis is the backbone of civil engineering. During recent
years, there has been a growing emphasis on using computer aided
softwares and tools to analyze the structures. There has also been
advancement in finite element analysis of structures using Finite
Element Analysis methods or matrix analysis. These developments are
most welcome, as they relieve the engineer of the often lengthy
calculations and procedures required to be followed while large or
complicated structures are analyzed using classical methods. But not all
the time such detailed analysis are necessary to be performed i.e.
sometimes, just approximate analysis could suffice our requirements as
in case of preparing the rough estimates and participating in the bidding
process for a tender. It may even happen that sometimes the analysis
software or tool is not available at hand? Or the worst case, the
computer itself is not available?? Then in such cases, accurate analysis of
such large and complicated structures involving so many calculations is
almost impossible. Now-a-days, high rise buildings and multi-bay-multi-
storey buildings are very common in metropolitan cities. The analysis of
frames of multistoreyed buildings proves to be rather cumbersome as
the frames have a large number of joints which are free to move. Even if
the commonly used Moment distribution method is applied to all the
joints, the work involved shall be tremendous. However, with certain
assumptions, applying the substitute analysis methods like substitute
frame method, portal method, cantilever method or factor method, the
structures can be analyzed approximately
Objectives
• To manually analyze the problem frame, using Kani’s method under
vertical loading conditions
• To perform the same analysis using standard analysis software
Staad.Pro • Perform substitute frame analysis for the loading cases
• Compare the accuracy of the substitute frame analysis with manual
and Staad.Pro analysis and check its validity in lateral loading cases.
• Optimize the substitute frame method to further lessen the
calculations so as to get the final results within permissible limit of
errors. • Design the Structural members of the multistory.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

To enhance the designer’s comprehension and interpretation of the
National Structural Code of the Philippines is the primary purpose of this
research, this will consequently result in the researcher’s ability to
perform a conservative and reliable structural design of structures.
 CHAPTER 2
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS
ARCHITECTURAL PLAN

FRONT VIEW

REAR VIEW
 LEFT SIDE VIEW

RIGHT SIDE VIEW

8 3 8 3 8 3 8 3 8

WINDLOAD ANALYSIS
Computing for Velocity Pressure, q h

q h= 47.3 x 10 KZKZTKdV Iw
-6 2
From NSCP 2010, Vol.1, Ed. 6, Section 207.5.10

where:
Basic Wind Speed: V = 200kPa (NSCP 2010, Vol.1, Ed. 6 Table 207-1)
Importance Factor: Iw = 1.15 (NSCP 2010, Vol.1, Ed. 6 Table 207-3)
Topographic Factor: KZT = 1.00 (NSCP 2010, Vol.1, Ed. 6 Section
207.5.7.2)
Wind Directionality Factor: Kd = 0.8 (NSCP 2010, Vol.1 Ed. 6 Table
207-2)
Velocity Pressure Exposure Coefficients: KZ (NSCP 2010, Vol.1, Ed. 6
Table 207-4)
Using Interpolation Method:
 ROOF LEVEL (H = 12.00 meters)
KZ = 1.04
 THIRD FLOOR (H=8.00 meters)
9 – 7.5 8−7.5
=
0.98−0.94 K z−0.94
KZ= 0.953
 SECOND FLOOR (H = 4.00 meters)
For 0-4.50 meters
Kz = 0.850

Velocity Pressure, qh:

q h = 47.3 x 10-6 KZKZTKdV2IW q h

q = 47.3 x 10-6 (1.04)(1.00)(0.85)

h
ROOF LEVEL 1.923 kPa
(200)2(1.15)
q h = 47.3 x 10-6 (0.9533)(1.00)(0.85)
SECOND FLOOR 1.763 kPa
(200)2(1.15)
q h = 47.3 x 10-6 (0.850)(1.00)(0.85)
GROUND FLOOR 1.572 kPa
(200)2(1.15)
Computing for Windward and Leeward Forces:

P=q h ( GCpf - GCpi) From NSCP 2010, Vol.1, Ed. 6, Section 207.5.12.2.2

External Pressure Internal Pressure

Coefficient, GCpf Coefficient, GCpi
(NSCP 2001, Vol.1, Ed. 6, Figure 207- (NSCP 2001, Vol.1, Ed. 6, Figure
4) 207-4)
WINDWAR
0.40 0.18
D
LEEWARD 0.29 0.18
 ROOF LEVEL P = qh (GCpf - GCpi) P

WINDWAD P = 1.923 (0.40 – 0.18) 423.1496 Pa

LEEWARD P = 1.923 (0.29 - 0.18) 211.5748 Pa

THIRD FLOOR P = qh (GCpf - GCpi) P

WINDWARD P = 1.763 (0.40 – 0.18) 387.8871 Pa

LEEWARD P = 1.763 (0.29 - 0.18) 193.9436 Pa

SECOND FLOOR P = qh (GCpf - GCpi) P

WINDWARD P = 1.572 (0.40 – 0.18) 345.8434 Pa

LEEWARD P = 1.572 (0.29 - 0.18) 172.9217 Pa

Computing for Wind Loads:

For Longitudinal Section:
F = P (ATRANSVERSAL)
For Transversal Section:
F = P (ALONGITUDINAL)

FOR LONGITUDINAL SECTION:

ROOF LEVEL F = PA F

WINDWARD FW = (423.1496)(9) 3.8083464 kN

LEEWARD FL = (211.5748)(9) 1.9041732kN

THIRD FLOOR F = PA F

WINDWARD FW = (387.8871)(18.00) 6.9820 kN

LEEWARD FL = (193.9436)(18.00) 3.4920 kN

SECOND FLOOR F = PA F

WINDWARD FW = (354.8434)(18.00) 6.2252 kN

 LEEWARD FL = (172.9217)(18.00) 3.1126 kN

FOR TRANSVERSAL SECTION:

ROOF LEVEL F = PA F

WINDWARD FW = (423.06)(14) 5.92284 kN

LEEWARD FL = (211.53)(14) 2.96142 kN

THIRD FLOOR F = PA F

WINDWARD FW = (387.8871)(28.00) 10.86084 kN

LEEWARD FL = (193.9436)(28.00) 5.430421 kN

SECOND FLOOR F = PA F

WINDWARD FW = (345.8434)(28.00) 9.683615 kN

LEEWARD FL = (172.9217)(28.00) 4.841808 kN
WIND ANALYSIS
PORTAL METHOD
LONGITUDINAL
PORTAL METHOD
TRANSVERSAL
 FACTOR METHOD
LONGITUDINAL

5.924 2.962

10.861 5.43

9.684 4.842
For Ground Floor
For 2nd Floor
For 3rd Floor
Computaion Of Final Moment
Factor Methid
Transversal

2.33

4.27

3.8
For Ground Floor

For 2ND Level

For 3rd Level
 SEISMIC LOAD ANALYSIS

BEAM SIZES COLUMN SIZES SLAB THICKNESS

(mm) (mm) (mm)
Rf 350 x 400 400 x 400 -
3rd 350 x 400 400 x 400 190
2nd 350 x 400 400 x 400 190

LONGITUDINAL SECTION

TRANSVERSAL SECTION
Seismic Importance Factor, I- 1.50
R- 8.5
Near-Source Factor, Na- 1.2
Near-Source Factor, Nv- 1.6
Seismic Coefficient, Ca- 0.40(1.2)
Ca- 0.48
Seismic Coefficient, Cv- 0.40(1.6)
Cv- 0.64
Seismic Zone Factor, Z- 0.40
Seismic Source Type- M > 70
Soil Profile Type, Sb- 760 to 1500 m/s

WEIGHT
Roof Level
Weight of Beam - (454m)(0.35m)(0.4m)(23.6kN/m3)
- 1500.016 kN
Weight of Gypsum Board Ceiling - (992m2)(0.48kPa)
- 476.16 kN
Weight of Cement Tile- (1176.8m2)(0.77kPa)
- 906.136 kN
Weight of Skylight Roof Frame - (1176.8m2)(0.38kPa)
- 447.184 kN
TOTAL WEIGHT OF ROOF LEVEL- 3329.496

3rd Level
Weight of Column- (48)(0.4m)2(4m)(23.6kN/m3)
- 724.992 kN
Weight of Beam - (454m)(0.35m)(0.4m)(23.6kN/m3)
- 1500.016 kN

Weight of Slab - {(951.2 m2)(0.19m)}(23.6 kN/m3)

- 4265.1808 kN
Weight of Wall - {(383m)(4m)(0.12m)}(23.6kN/m3)
- 4338.624 kN
Weight of Ceiling - (992m2)(0.48 kPa)
- 476.16 kN
Weight of Floor Finishes - (992m2)(1.58 kPa)
-1567.36 kN

TOTAL WEIGHT OF 3rd FLOOR LEVEL- 12872.3328 kN

2nd Level
Weight of Column- (68)(0.5m)2(3m)(23.6kN/m3)
- 1203.6 kN
Weight of Beam - (487m)(0.45m)(0.5m)(23.6kN/m3)
- 2585.97 kN

Weight of Slab - {(728.5m2)(0.15m)}(23.6 kN/m3)

-2578.89 kN
Weight of Wall (interior) - {(166m)(3m)(0.12m)}(19.6kN/m3)
- 1171.296 kN
Weight of Wall (exterior stud with brick veneer)- {(88m)(3m)}(2.30kPa)
-607.2 kN
Weight of Ceiling - (805.5m2)(0.05 kPa)
-40.275 kN
Weight of Floor Finishes - (728.5m2)(1.58 kPa)
-1151.03 kN

TOTAL WEIGHT OF 2nd FLOOR LEVEL- 9338.261 kN

1st Level
Weight of Column - (68)(0.5m)2(3m)(23.6kN/m3)
-1203.6 kN

TTOTAL WEIGHT-29799.1536 kN

Structure Period, T
T= Ct (hn)3/4 ; Ct= 0.0731 for reinforced concrete moment-resisting
frames

Troof = 0.0731(9) ¾
Troof = 0.3798

T3rd = 0.0731 (6) ¾

T3rd = 0.2802

T2nd= 0.0731 (3) ¾

T2nd = 0.1666

Design Base Shear, V

Roof Level

Cv I
Allowable : V= W
RT
(0.64)(1.5) kN
(23558.832 3 )
(8.5)(0.3798) m
V=
V= 7004.9784 kN

2.5C a I
Maximum: V= W
R
(2.5)( 0.48)(1.5) kN
(23558.832 3 )
V= (8.5) m
V= 4988.9291 kN
Minimum: V= 0.11CaIW
V= 0.11(0.48)(1)(23558.832)
V= 1865.8595 kN

0.8 Z N V I
Additional Condition: V= W
R
(0.8)(0.40)(1.6)(1.5) kN
(23558.832 3 )
(8.5) m
V=
V= 2128.6098 kN
2nd Level

Cv I
Allowable : V= W
RT
(0.64)(1.5) kN
(23558.832 3 )
(8.5)(0.1666) m
V=
V= 15967.8978 kN

2.5C a I
Maximum: V= W
R
(2.5)( 0.48)(1.5) kN
(23558.832 3 )
V= (8.5) m
V= 4988.9291 kN
Minimum: V= 0.11CaIW
V= 0.11(0.48)(1)(23558.832)
V= 1865.8595 kN

0.8 Z N V I
Additional Condition: V= W
R
(0.8)(0.40)(1.6)(1.5) kN
(23558.832 3 )
(8.5) m
V=
V= 2128.6098 kN

3rd Level

Cv I
Allowable : V= W
RT
(0.64)(1.5) kN
(23558.832 3 )
(8.5)(0.2802) m
V=
V= 9494.5688 kN

2.5C a I
Maximum: V= W
R
(2.5)( 0.48)(1.5) kN
(23558.832 3 )
V= (8.5) m
V= 4988.9291 kN
Minimum: V= 0.11CaIW
V= 0.11(0.48)(1)(23558.832)
V= 1865.8595 kN

0.8 Z N V I
Additional Condition: V= W
R
(0.8)(0.40)(1.6)(1.5) kN
(23558.832 3 )
(8.5) m
V=
V= 2128.6098 kN

Concentrated Force, Ft
Ft= 0.07TV;
since Troof, T3rd & T2nd < 0.7 (NSCP 2001, 208.5.5)
F t= 0
Force per floor, Fx
(V −f t )W x hx
f x= n

∑ wi hi
i=1

Roof Level

(4988.9291kN )(3603.47 kN )(9m)

kN
(23558.832 3 )(9m)
fx = m
fx = 763.0878 kPa

3RD Level

(4988.9291kN )(9413.501kN )(6m)

kN
(23558.832 3 )(9m)
fx = m
fx = 1328.9648 kPa

2rd Level
(4988.9291kN )(9338.261kN )(3m)
kN
(23558.832 3 )(9m)
fx = m
fx = 659.1714 kPa

Transversal Longitudinal
ROOF LEVEL 78.3411 kN 176.2674 kN
2ND LEVEL 201.9189kN 454.3176 kN
3RD LEVEL 100.9595 kN 227.1588 kN
ROOF LEVEL
CASE 1:

CASE 2:
CASE 3:

CASE 4:
3RD LEVEL
CASE 1:
CASE 2:

CASE 3:
CASE 4:
2ND LEVEL
CASE 1:

CASE 2:
CASE 3:

CASE 4:
ROOF LEVEL
CASE 1:

CASE 2:
CASE 3:

CASE 4:
3RD LEVEL
CASE 1:

CASE 2:
CASE 3:

CASE 4:
2ND LEVEL
CASE 1:

CASE 2:
CASE 3:

CASE 4:
Design Of Column
Beqm design
Beam Design
Footing
COLUMN-FOOTING
 CHAPTER 3
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

CONCLUSION
In the present study building of three story is designed and analysis with
its (Slabs, Beams, Columns and Footings and staircase) using software
like (Auto CAD, MD solid, Excel, and Staad Pro). The loads are calculated
namely the dead loads which depend on the unit weight of the materials
used (concrete, brick) and the live loads using the code. The safety of
reinforced concrete building will depend upon the initial architectural
and structural configuration of the total building, the quality of the
structural analysis, design and reinforcement detailing of the building
frame to achieve stability of elements and their ductile performance.
Proper quality of construction and stability of the infill walls and
partitions are additional safety requirements of the structure as a whole.
 The advantages of using computer program is faster to analysis the
structural element and time consuming.  In this project we design and
analysis of Multi story building using the equations to design and
analysis and solving. So that this project take along time for solving the
equation of design. But to save time by using a computer software
programs, which takes the inputs of design and carried out the
calculations easily and quickly so that we saved time and ensure that the
design was correct.
The programs very fast so that the results show according a minute
while the hand calculating take a long time.
 The degree of agreement of the results with the program is good. 
Accuracy of the results depends upon the inputs accuracy. 
It's very easy for user while the hand calculate should be have more
information for slab design and be more accrue in calculate

RECOMMENDATION:
1- Design and analysis of different type of Multi story building
(concrete and steel).
2- Design and analysis of multi story building with other codes not
just ACI codes.
3- Design and analysis of multi story building with different type like,
Agricultural, Commercial, Residential, Educational, Government,
Industrial, Military, Parking structures and storage, Religious,
Transport, Infrastructure and Power stations/plants.