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Hangul Bat-Chim Rules 2: Aspiration and Nasalization: Grammar

This document summarizes rules 2 and 3 of the 7 Bat-chim rules in Korean pronunciation. Rule 2 is about aspiration, where ᄒ combines with ᄀ, ᄃ, or ᄇ to make them aspirated sounds. Rule 3 is about nasalization, where ᄀ, ᄃ, or ᄇ become nasal sounds ᄋ, ᄂ, ᄆ before nasal consonants; and ᄅ becomes ᄂ before certain consonants and can then trigger further sound changes. Examples are provided to illustrate the application of each rule.

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190 views5 pages

Hangul Bat-Chim Rules 2: Aspiration and Nasalization: Grammar

This document summarizes rules 2 and 3 of the 7 Bat-chim rules in Korean pronunciation. Rule 2 is about aspiration, where ᄒ combines with ᄀ, ᄃ, or ᄇ to make them aspirated sounds. Rule 3 is about nasalization, where ᄀ, ᄃ, or ᄇ become nasal sounds ᄋ, ᄂ, ᄆ before nasal consonants; and ᄅ becomes ᄂ before certain consonants and can then trigger further sound changes. Examples are provided to illustrate the application of each rule.

Uploaded by

Aila Myrestel Junio
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Hangul Bat-Chim Rules 2: Aspiration and

Nasalization

Grammar

Lesson 14: Bat-chim Rules, Part 2

7 Batchim Rules

1. Lenition
2. Fortis
3. Aspiration
4. Nasalization
5. Flowing
6. Palatization
7. Special rules with ㅎ

3. Aspiration

 This rule involves the combination of ㅎ(h) with ㄱ(g), ㄷ(d), or ㅂ


(b). Whenever one of those three consonants collides with ㅎ, it
changes into its aspirated version and the ㅎ goes away.
 It is similar to the rule lenition, yet ㅎ(h) leave extra sound while
ㅇ(o) disappeared.

For example:

Word Romanization Pronunciation Meaning

축하 chukka 축카 "celebration"

놓다 notta 녿타 "to put"

4. Nasalization

* Nasally consonants are ㅇ(o), ㄴ(n), and ㅁ(m). ㅇ(o) is only nasal if it's
in the batchim position.

 When ㄱ(g),ㄷ(d),ㅂ(b) sounds are in the batchim, and followed by


a nasal sound, they will become nasal themselves.
 ㄱ(g) becomes ㅇ(o), ㄷ(d) becomes ㄴ(n), and ㅂ(b) becomes ㅁ(m)

For example:

Word Romanization Pronunciation Meaning


국물 gungmul 궁물 "broth"

업무 ummu 엄무 "task"

 When syllables begin with ㄹ(r) with any of these consonants: ㄱ


(g), ㄷ(d), ㅂ(b), ㅇ(o), or ㅁ(m) coming before, the ㄹ(r) changes to
a ㄴ(n) sound.

For example:

Word Romanization Pronunciation Meaning

심리 simni  심니 "psychology"

*double change here!

 First ㄹ(r) is changed to ㄴ(n) as in 독닙(dok-nip). Then now ㄱ(g) is


placed right before ㄴ(n), which is a nasal sound, so ㄱ
(g) changes to ㅇ(ng) as in 동닙 (dong-nip). *See the changes
made in 국물 (gungmul) if you are not sure about the second
change.

For example:

Word Romanization Pronunciation Meaning

독립 dokrip 독닙 -> 동닙 "independence"


안녕하세요 여러분. Koreanclass101.com 하나하나 한글시리즈의 에이미입니다.
Hi, everybody! I’m Amy and welcome to Hana Hana Hangul on
KoreanClass101.com - The fastest, easiest, and most fun way to learn
Hangul, the Korean alphabet.

In the last lesson, we began to talk about some rules for pronouncing
the 받침 bat-chim. There are seven rules and we covered the first two
of them. We’re going to cover the next two today. Here we go!

This rule involves the combination of ㅎ(히읗/히읃) with ㄱ(기역), ㄷ(디읃),


or ㅂ(비읍). Whenever one of those three consonants collides with ㅎ, it
changes into its aspirated version and the ㅎ goes away.

Think of this rule as a variation of the first rule in the last lesson.

Remember the way that a batchim runs into an initial ㅇ(이응) and
replaces it? It’s the same if the initial is a ㅎ(히읗), except as the ㅎ(히
읗) is replaced, it leaves behind something extra: aspiration! 축하 /
(slow) 축/카

The other difference is this: it doesn’t matter which consonant is the


batchim and which is the initial. Even if the *batchim* is a ㅎ(히읗), it
will affect the following consonant. What do you think will happen in
this example?

In this word, the ㅎ(히읗) combines with the ㄷ (디읃) and makes it
aspirated, so it becomes a ㅌ (티읕)sound. 놓다(노타) -> 녿/타

And here, the ㅂ(비읍역) combines with the ㅎ(히읗) to become a ㅍ. 답하


다 -> 답/파/다

So whenever you see a ㅎ(히읗) running into another consonant sound,


you know that you need to watch out for possible sound changes.

There are two parts to this rule.

To understand the first part, you need to know that three of the
consonants are considered “nasally consonants”: ㅇ(이응), ㄴ(니은), and
ㅁ(미음). Of course, ㅇ(이응) is only nasal if it’s in the batchim (받침)
position.

So when one of these following sounds is in the batchim: ㄱ(기역), ㄷ(디


읃), or ㅂ(비읍), and is followed by a nasal sound, they will become nasal
themselves. ㄱ(기역) becomes ㅇ(이응), ㄷ(디읃) becomes ㄴ(니은), and ㅂ
(비읍) becomes ㅁ(미음).
Let’s try it out.

We see a nasal consonant in the initial position of the second


character. The previous batchim is one of the three consonants that is
replaced. ㄱ(기역) becomes an ㅇ(이응) sound, so: 국/물(read it
seperately) becomes 궁물

Here’s another example. We have a nasal consonant after a ㅂ in the


batchim position. The ㅂ becomes a ㅁ. So 업/무 becomes 엄무

Here’s one more common word.

습니다. 습/니/다 becomes 슴니다.

The second part of this rule has to do with syllables beginning with ㄹ
(리을). When any of these consonants -- ㄱ, ㄷ, ㅂ, ㅇ, or ㅁ -- come before
it, the ㄹ(리을) changes to a ㄴ(니은) sound. Notice that the characters
involved in this part of the rule are the same used in the first part.
Look at the following examples:

You see the ㄹ in an initial position, so now you need to check if the
previous batchim is in the list. It is, so you change the ㄹ to a ㄴ. So 심/
리 becomes 심-니

Easy so far, but don’t forget about the first part of this rule. There are
some times when you will need to use both parts.

Try out this word. We need to change the ㄹ(리을) to a ㄴ(니은) sound,
but look what happens as soon as we do that. That ㄴ(니은) is one of
the nasally characters we need to watch out for in the first part of this
rule. Remember what we have to do? The ㄱ becomes a ㅇ.

so 독/립 becomes 동/립(read it as 립)

Okay, this is the last example of the lesson. See if you can figure out
how to pronounce it.

(short pause)

Change the ㄹ(리을) to a ㄴ(니은), and then the ㅂ to an ㅁ.

Got it? If you don’t understand why these rules exist, trying to say the
word exactly as it is written can help you understand. These rules take
combinations of consonants that are difficult to pronounce and make
them easier.
Just one more lesson of these rules and you’ll be done with the
hardest part of Hangul! Keep going strong and meet me in the next
Hana Hana Hangul!

여러분 다음에 또 만나요.

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