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Inequalities Inequalities Are Relations That Hold Between Two Values When They Are Different

The document defines different types of inequalities, including those involving variables and constants. It discusses inequality symbols like >, <, ≥, ≤ and using number lines to represent inequalities graphically. Properties of inequalities are presented, including how inequalities are affected by operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. The document also covers solving linear inequalities and absolute value inequalities.

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Deadly Chiller
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30 views5 pages

Inequalities Inequalities Are Relations That Hold Between Two Values When They Are Different

The document defines different types of inequalities, including those involving variables and constants. It discusses inequality symbols like >, <, ≥, ≤ and using number lines to represent inequalities graphically. Properties of inequalities are presented, including how inequalities are affected by operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. The document also covers solving linear inequalities and absolute value inequalities.

Uploaded by

Deadly Chiller
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INEQUALITIES

Inequalities are relations that hold between two values when they are different.

The inequality symbols are:


> - greater than
< - less than
≥ - greater than or equal to
≤ - less than or equal to

There are inequalities that involve variables and those that strictly involve
constants (propostitions). Propositions can either be true or false.
The inequalities that involve variables are represented by a range of solutions.
The number line can be used to represent inequalities, when an open circle ○ is
used for < and >, and a closed circle ● is used for ≤ and ≥.

Examples:
i) 𝑥<4
○
0 1 2 3 4 5

ii) −2 < 𝑥 ≤ 3
○ ●

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

Equivalent inequalities have the same solution set.

Group 2 MATH 1115 Sem 1 2019/2020


Proporties of Inequalities
Let 𝑥, 𝑦 and 𝑧 be real numbers.
1) Addition – Subtraction Property

 If 𝑥 > 𝑦, then 𝑥 + 𝑧 > 𝑦 + 𝑧.


 If 𝑥 < 𝑦, then 𝑥 + 𝑧 < 𝑦 + 𝑧.

 If 𝑥 > 𝑦, then 𝑥 − 𝑧 > 𝑦 − 𝑧.


 If 𝑥 < 𝑦, then 𝑥 − 𝑧 < 𝑦 − 𝑧.

2) Multiplication – Division Property

 If 𝑥 > 𝑦 and 𝑧 > 0, then 𝑥𝑧 > 𝑦𝑧. Multiplication by a positive number.


 If 𝑥 < 𝑦 and 𝑧 > 0, then 𝑥𝑧 < 𝑦𝑧

 If 𝑥 > 𝑦 and 𝑧 < 0, then 𝑥𝑧 < 𝑦𝑧.


Multiplication by a negative number.
 If 𝑥 < 𝑦 and 𝑧 < 0, then 𝑥𝑧 > 𝑦𝑧.

𝑥 𝑦
 If 𝑥 > 𝑦 and 𝑧 > 0, then > .
𝑧 𝑧 Division by a positive number.
𝑥 𝑦
 If 𝑥 > 𝑦 and 𝑧 > 0, then < .
𝑧 𝑧

𝑥 𝑦
 If 𝑥 > 𝑦 and 𝑧 < 0, then < .
𝑧 𝑧 Division by a negative number.
𝑥 𝑦
 If 𝑥 > 𝑦 and 𝑧 < 0, then > .
𝑧 𝑧

Group 2 MATH 1115 Sem 1 2019/2020


Linear Inequalities
i) −2(𝑥 + 2) > 8 − 𝑥
⟹ −2𝑥 − 4 > 8 − 𝑥
⟹ −2𝑥 + 𝑥 > 8 + 4
⟹ −𝑥 > 12
⟹ 𝑥 < −12 Dividing both sides by -1 reverses the inequality.

ii) 6𝑥 + 2 ≤ −4
⟹ 6𝑥 ≤ −4 − 2
⟹ 6𝑥 ≤ −6
6
⟹ 𝑥≤−
6
⟹ 𝑥 ≤ −1 Dividing both sides by 6 did NOT reverse the inequality.

2𝑥+1
iii) ≥ 5𝑥 − 2
3
⟹ 2𝑥 + 1 ≥ 3(5𝑥 − 2)
⟹ 2𝑥 + 1 ≥ 15𝑥 − 6
⟹ 2𝑥 − 15𝑥 ≥ −6 − 1
⟹ −13𝑥 ≥ −7
7
⟹ 𝑥≤ Dividing both sides by -13 reverses the inequality.
13

Group 2 MATH 1115 Sem 1 2019/2020


Absolute Value Inequalities

𝑥; 𝑎≥0
|𝑥| = −𝑥 ; 𝑎 < 0

|4| = 4
|−6| = −(6) = 6, since 𝑥 = −6 is negative.

|𝑥| < 3 represents the distance between 𝑥 and 0 that is less than 3.
○ ○

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

|𝑥| > 3 represents the distance between 𝑥 and 0 that is greater than 3.
○ ○

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

Let 𝑘 be any positive number, then |𝑥| = 𝑘 has solution 𝑥 = ±𝑘.


If |𝑥| = 3, then the only possible values that 𝑥 can assume are ±3 since |+3| =
|−3| = 3.

Let 𝑘 > 0,
 |𝑥| < 𝑘 ⟺ −𝑘 < 𝑥 < 𝑘.
 |𝑥| > 𝑘 ⟺ 𝑥 > 𝑘 or 𝑥 < −𝑘.
 If |𝑓(𝑥)| < 𝑘 ⟺ −𝑘 < 𝑓(𝑥) < 𝑘.
 If |𝑓(𝑥)| > 𝑘 ⟺ 𝑓(𝑥) < 𝑘 or 𝑓(𝑥) < −𝑘.

Group 2 MATH 1115 Sem 1 2019/2020


i) |2𝑥 − 1| < 5
Method 1: −5 + 1 < 2𝑥 < 5 + 1
⟹ −4 < 2𝑥 < 6
⟹ −2 < 𝑥 < 3

Method 2: 2𝑥 − 1 < 5 and 2𝑥 − 1 > −5


⟹ 2𝑥 < 5 and 2𝑥 > −4
⟹ 𝑥 < 3 and 𝑥 > −2

ii) |2 − 3𝑥| < 7


⟹ −7 < 2 − 3𝑥 < 7
⟹ −7 − 2 < −3𝑥 < 7 − 2
⟹ −9 < −3𝑥 < 5
5
⟹3>𝑥>−
3

iii) |4𝑥 − 3| ≥ 7
⟹ 4𝑥 − 3 ≤ −5 and 4𝑥 − 3 ≥ 5
⟹ 4𝑥 ≤ −2 and 4𝑥 ≥ 8
1
⟹ 𝑥 ≤ − and 𝑥 ≥ 2
2

Group 2 MATH 1115 Sem 1 2019/2020

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