SINGLE ROW FUNCTIONS
1. CHARACTER FUNCTIONS:
UPPER:
select upper(name) from emp;
LOWER:
select lower(name) from emp;
INITCAP:
select initcap(name) from emp;
LENGHT:
select length(name) from emp;
SUBSTR:
select substr(name,2,4) from emp; [Saqib to aqib]
INSTR:
select instr(name,’a’) from emp; [Saqib to 1]
LPAD:
select lpad(name,10,’*’) from emp; [Saqib Saleem to *****Saqib]
RPAD:
select rpad(name,10,’*’) from emp; [Saqib Saleem to Saqib*****]
2. NUMERIC FUNCTIONS:
ROUND:
select round(average,3) from emp; [199.9966 to 199.997]
select round(average) from emp; [199.9966 to 200]
TRUNC:
select trunc(average,3) from emp; [199.9966 to 199.996]
MOD:
select mod(15,4) from dual; [3]
3. CHARACTER FUNCTIONS:
ADD_MONTHS:
select add_months(month,3) from emp; [02/JAN/98 to 02/APR/1998]
MONTHS_BETWEEN:
select months_between(sysdate,hiredate) from emp; [month between both dates]
LAST_DAY:
select last_day(sysdate) from dual; [last day of current month]
4. CONVERSION FUNCTIONS:
TO_CHAR:
Select TO_CHAR(date,’DD-MON-YYYY’) from emp; [02/JAN/98 to 02-JAN-1998]
Select TO_CHAR(salary,’999,999,999.00’) from emp; [24000 to 24,000.00]
Select TO_CHAR(date,’MON’)=’JAN’ from emp; [all JAN month data]
TO_NUMBER:
select to_number(substr(hiredate,1,2)) from emp;
TO_DATE:
select to_date('10-11-20','mm-dd-yy') from dual;