Reaffirmed 2001: For Current Committee Personnel

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FOR CURRENT COMMITTEE PERSONNEL
PLEASE E-MAIL [email protected]
REAFFIRMED 2001
Copyrighted material licensed to Stanford University by Thomson Scientific (www.techstreet.com), downloaded on Oct-05-2010 by Stanford University User. No further reproduction or distribution is permitted. Uncontrolled
AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD
Gages and Gaging for

Metric M Screw Threads
ANWASME Bl.l6M-1984
(REVISION OF ANSI B1.16-1972)
SPONSORED AND PUBLISHED BY
THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS
United Engineering Center 345 East 47th Street New York, N. Y. 10017
Date of Issuance: April 30. 1985
This Standard will be revised when the Society approves the issuance of a new edition.
There will be no addenda or written interpretations of the requirements of this Standard
issued to this Edition.
This code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for
American National Standards. The Consensus Committee that approved the code or standard was
balanced to assure that individuals from competent and concerned interests have had an oppor-
tunity to participate. The proposed code or standard was made available for public review and
comment which provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry, academia, reg-
ulatory agencies, and the public-at-large.
ASME does not “approve,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or
activity.
ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in
connection with any items mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone
utilizing a standard against liability for infringement of any applicable Letters Patent, nor assume
any such liability. Users of a code or standard are expressly advised that determination of the
validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely their own
responsibility.
Participation by federal agency representative(s) or person(s) affiliated with industry is not to
be interpreted as government or industry endorsement of this code or standard.
ASME accepts responsibility for only those interpretations issued in accordance with governing
ASME procedures and policies which preclude the issuance of interpretations by individual vol-
unteers.
No part of this document may be reproduced in any form,

in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,
without the prior written permission of the publisher.
Copyright 0 1985 by
THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS
All Rights Reserved
Printed in U.S.A.
(This Foreword is not part of ANSI/ASME 81 .16M-1984.)
The first issue of ANSI Bl. 16 was approved and formally designated as an American
National Standard on April 28, 1972. It was developed by Subcommittee 2 of the Bl
Committee to serve as the American practice regarding the specifications and dimensions
for gages applied to metric screw threads. As in the first issue, this Edition of ANSI
Bl. 16M follows the American practice for the design and tolerances for gages of this type,
except for the truncations of the HI/LO elements, which are more in line with the
truncations specified in IS0 1502.
This new publication, designated ANSI! ASME Bl. 16M-1984, has had considerable
new material added to cover the many options of gages and measuring equipment shown
in ANSI Bl.3M, Screw Thread Gaging Systems for Dimensional Acceptability. It has also
retained HI and LO functional gages but has eliminated gages with pitch diameter outside
product thread limits. It also includes tabulated values for the specifications of gage
elements for the standard series of metric M screw thread sizes listed in ANSI Bl. 13M,
Metric Screw Threads - M Profile.
ANSIjASME Bl.16M was approved by the ASME Standards Committee Bl on
April 27, 1984. The proposed Standard was submitted by the ASME Board of Stan-
dardization to the American National Standards Institute. It was approved and formally
designated an American National Standard on May 25, 1984.
...
111
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ASME STANDARDS COMMITTEE 61
Standardization and Unification of Screw Threads
(The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Standard.)
OFFICERS
D. J. Emanuelli, Chairman
H. W. Ellison, Vice Chairman
C. E. Lynch, Secretary
COMMITTEE PERSONNEL
AEROSPACE INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA, INC.

G. G. Gerber, McDonnell Douglas, St. Louis, Missouri
H. Borrman, Alternate, Sperry Gyroscope Division, Great Neck, New York
AMERICAN IRON AND STEEL INSTITUTE

F. Dallas. Jr., Sawhill Tubular Division, Sharon, Pennsylvania
AMERICAN MEASURING TOOL MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION

D. Dodge, Pennoyer-Dodge Co., Glendale, California
C. W. Jatho, Akernate, American Measuring Tool Manufacturers Association, Birmingham, Michigan
AMERICAN PIPE FITTINGS ASSOCIATION

W. C. Farrell, Stockham Valves and Fittings, Birmingham, Alabama
DEFENSE INDUSTRIAL SUPPLY CENTER

E. Schwartz, Defense Industrial Supply Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
F. S. Ciccarone, Alternate, Defense Industrial Supply Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
ENGINE MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION

G. A. Russ, Cummins Engine Co., Columbus, Indiana
FARM AND INDUSTRtAL EQUIPMENT INSTITUTE

J. F. Nagy. Ford Motor Co., Dearborn, Michigan
INDUSTRIAL FASTENERS INSTITUTE

R. B. B&ford, industrial Fasteners Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
R. M. Harris, Bethlehem Steel Co., Lebanon, Pennsylvania
K. E. McCullough, SPS Technologies, Inc., Jenkintown, Pennsylvania
J. C. McMurray. Russell, Burdsall and Ward Inc., Mentor, Ohio
J. A. Trilling, Holo-Krome Co., West Hartford, Connecticut
E. D. Spengler, Alternate, Bethlehem Steel Co., Lebanon, Pennsylvania
MANUFACTURERS STANDARDIZATION SOCIETY OF THE VALVE AND FITTING INDUSTRY

W. C. Farrell, Stockham Valves and Fittings, Birmingham, Alabama
METAL CUTTING TOOL INSTITUTE (TAP 81 DIE DIVISION)

N. F. Nau, Union/Butterfield, Athol, Massachusetts
A. D. Shepherd, Jr., Alternate, Union/Butterfield, Derby Line, Vermont
V
NATIONAL AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER AND FIRE CONTROL ASSOCIATION, INCORPORATED
W. Testa, Grinnell Fire Protection Systems Co., Inc., Providence, Rhode Island
R. P. Fleming, Alternate, National Automatic Sprinkler and Fire Control Association, Inc., Patterson,
New York
NATIONAL ELECTRICAL MANUFACTURERS ASSOClATlON

J. L. Griffin, Wheatland Tube Co., Wheatland, Pennsylvania
J. 6. Levy, General Electric Co., Schenectady, New York
F. F. Weingruber, Westinghouse Electric Corp., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
W. R. Williford, Alternate, National Electrical Manufacturers Association, Washington, D.C.
NATIONAL MACHINE TOOL BUILDERS ASSOCIATION

R. J. Sabatos, The Cleveland Twist Drill Co., Cleveland, Ohio
D. R. Stoner, Jr., Teledyne Landis Machine, Waynesboro, Pennsylvania
NATIONAL SCREW MACHINE PRODUCTS ASSOCIATION

T. S. Meyer, Fischer Special Manufacturing Co., Cold Spring, Kentucky
H. A. Eichstaedt. Alternate. National Screw Machine Products Association, Brecksville. Ohio
SOCIETY OF AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERS

H. W. Ellison. General Motors Technical Center, Warren, Michigan
SOCIETY OF MANUFACTURING ENGINEERS

NT. Davidson, Morse/Hemco Corp.. Holland, Michigan
TUBULAR RIVET AND MACHINE INSTITUTE

R. M. Byrne, Industry Service Bureaus, Inc.. White Plains, New York
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE

R. P. Stewart, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY

F. J. Clas, U.S. Department of the Army, Watervliet, New York
J. Crowley, U.S. Army Material Development and Readiness Command, Alexandria, Virginia
F. L. Jones, Alternate, U.S. Army Missile Command, Redstone Arsenal, Alabama
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE

E. Schwartz, Defense Industrial Supply Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY

C. T. Gustafson, Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, Portsmouth, New Hampshire
INDIVIDUAL MEMBERS
C. T. Appleton, Jefferson, Massachusetts
J. Boehnlein, PMC Industries, Wickliffe, Ohio
W. E. Bour, Santa Monica, Californra
A. R. Breed, Mechanical Fasteners and Assembly, Lakewood, Ohio
R. Browning, Southern Gage Co., Erin, Tennessee
A. Butovich, Air Industries Corp., Garden Grove, California
R. S. Charmerda, The Johnson Gage Co., Bloomfield, Connecticut
J. F. Cramer, Des Moines, Washington
J. F. Dickson, Reed Rolled Thread Die Co., Holden, Massachusetts
R. B. Donahue, Xerox Corporation, Webster, New York
E. W. Drescher, Lancaster, Pennsylvania
D. J. Emanuelli, Greenfield Tap and Die, Greenfield, Massachusetts
C. G. Erickson, Colt Industries - Sterling Die Operation, West Hartford, Connecticut
S. I. Kanter, The Hanson-Whitney Co., Hartford, Connecticut
R. W. Lamport, The Van Keuren Co., Watertown, Massachusetts
A. R. Machell, Jr., Xerox Corp., Rochester, New York
A. E. Masterson, Watervlret, New York
R. E. Mazzara, Geometric Tool, New Haven, Connecticut
H. G. Muenchinger, Westerly, Rhode Island
vi
P. V. Paatore, Regal Beloit Corp., South Beloit. Illinois
M. M. Schuster, Hi-Shear Corp., Torrance, California
A. G. Strang, Boyds. Maryland
L. R. Strang, Caterpillar Tractor Co., Peoria, Illinois
A. F. Thibodeau, Swanson Tool Manufacturing, Inc., West Hartford, Connecticut
J. W. Tutton. The Bendix Corp., Greenfield, Massachusetts
SUBCOMMITTEE 81.2 - SCREW THREAD GAGES AND GAGING
R. Browning, Chairman, Southern Gage Co.. Erin, Tennessee

C. G. Erickson, Secretary, West Hartford, Connecticut
C. T. Appleton, Jefferson, Massachusetts
P. F. Bitters, Greenfield Tap and Die, Greenfield, Massachusetts
P. C. Burne, Amerace-Esna Corp., Union, New Jersey
R. S. Chamerda, The Johnson Gage Co., Bloomfield, Connecticut
P. Clark, Boerng Aerospace Co., Seattle, Washington
D. Dodge, Pennoyer-Dodge Co., Glendale, California
H. W. Ellison. General Motors Technical Center, Warren, Michigan
J. J. Fiscella, Latham, New York
G. Garcina, General Motors Corp., Indianapolis, Indiana
C. T. Gustafson, Metrology Laboratories Divisron, Portsmouth, New Hampshire
S. I. Kanter, The Hanson-Whitney Co., Hartford, Connecticut
A. E. Masterson, Watervliet, New York
W. L. Mau. The National Rolled Thread Die Co., Walton Hills, Ohio
K. E. McCullough, SPS Technologies, Inc., Jenkintown, Pennsylvanra
J. C. McMurray, Russell, Burdsall and Ward, Inc., Mentor, Ohio
A. A. Rudmann, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Bowie, Maryland
M. M. Schuster, Hi-Shear Corp., Torrance, California
A. G. Strang, Boyds, Maryland
J. W. Turton. The Bendix Corp., Greenfield, Massachusetts
A. Zaveruha, McMellon Brothers, Stratford, Connectrcut
TASK GROUP 81.16 - GAGES AND GAGING FOR METRIC

M SCREW THREADS
C. G. Erickson, Chairman, West Hartford, Connecticut

R. Browning, Secretary, Southern Gage Co., Erin. Tennessee
C. T. Appleton. Jefferson, Massachusetts
R. S. Chamerda, The Johnson Gage Co., Bloomfield, Connecticut
M. Davidson, Morse/Hemco Corp., Holland, Michigan
D. J. Emanuelli, Greenfield Tap and Die, Greenfield, Massachusetts
S. I. Kanter. The Hanson-Whitney Co.. Hartford, Connecticut
R. W. Lamport. The Van Keuren Co., Watertown, Massachusetts
K. E. McCullough, SPS Technologies, Inc., Jenkrntown, Pennsylvania
J. C. McMurray, Russell, Burdsall and Ward, Inc., Mentor, Ohio
E. Schwartz. Defense Industrial Supply Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
A. G. Strang. Boyds, Maryland
CONTENTS
...
Foreword ...................................................................... 111
Standards Committee Roster ................................................... .. V
1 Introduction ........................................................... .. .. .. ..
1.1 References ........................................................ .. .. .. ..
1.2 Units of Measure ................................................
1.3 Classification ..................................................... .. ..
1.4 Federal Government Use .......................................... .. ..
2 Basic Principles ........................................................

2.1 Accuracy in Gaging ............................................... . ..
2.2 Limitations of Gaging ............................................ ..
2.3 Determining Size of Gages ........................................ ..
2.4 Standard Temperature ............................................ .. ..
2.5 Rounding Procedure for Converting Metric Gage Values to Inch Gage
Values ................................................... . . 8. 10
3 General Practice ................................................................... 11

3.1 General Design ............................................................... 11
3.2 Types of Gages ............................................................... 11
3.3 Interpretation of Tolerances ................................................... 11
3.4 Direction of Tolerances on Gages ............................................. 11
3.5 Standard Thread Gage Tolerances ............................................. 11
3.6 Tolerance on Lead ............................................................ 11
3.7 Tolerances on Half-Angle ..................................................... 12
3.8 Check of Effect of Lead and Flank Angle Variations on Product Thread ....... 12
3.9 Calibration Requirements and Standards ...................................... 12
4 Types of Gages for Product Internal Thread ...................................... 12

4.1 GO Working Thread Plug Gages .............................................. 12
4.2 HI Thread Plug Gages ........................................................ 14
4.3 Thread Snap Gages - GO Segments or Rolls ................................. 17
4.4 Thread Snap Gages - HI Segments or Rolls .................................. 17
4.5 Thread Snap Gages - Minimum Material: Pitch Diameter Cone and Vee ...... 21
4.6 Thread Snap Gages - Minimum Material: Thread Groove Diameter Type ..... 24
4.7 Thread-Setting Solid Ring Gages ............................ : ................. 25
4.8 Plain Plug, Snap, and Indicating Gages to Check Minor Diameter of
Internal Thread ............................................................ 25
4.9 Snap and Indicating Gages to Check Major Diameter of Internal Thread ....... 29
4.10 Functional Indicating Thread Gages for Internal Thread ....................... 29
4.1 I Minimum-Material Indicating Thread Gages for Internal Thread ............... 34
4.12 Indicating Runout Thread Gage for Internal Thread ........................... 34
4.13 Differential Gaging ........................................................... 38
ix
4.14 Pitch Micrometers ............................................................ 40
4. I5 Thread-Measuring Balls ....................................................... 40
4.16 Optical Comparator and Toolmaker’s Microscope ............................. 40
4.17 Profile Tracing Instrument ................................................ .... 41
4.18 Surface Roughness Equipment ................................................ 41
4.19 Roundness Equipment ........................................................ 41
4.20 Miscellaneous Gages and Gaging Equipment .................................. 41
5 Types of Gages for Product External Thread ..................................... 41
5.1 GO W&king Thread Ring Gages .............................................. 41
5.2 LO Thread Ring Gages ....................................................... 75
5.3 Thread Snap Gages - GO Segments or Rolls ................................. 76
5.4 Thread Snap Gages - LO Segments or Rolls ................................. 78
5.5 Thread Snap Gages - Cone and Vee ......................................... 78
5.6 Thread Snap Gages - Minimum Material: Thread Groove Diameter Type ..... 80
5.7 Plain Ring and Snap Gages to Check Major Diameter of Product
External Threads ........................................................... 80
5.8 Snap Gages for Minor Diameter of Product - External Threads .............. 80
5.9 Functional Indicating Thread Gages for External Thread ...................... 84
5.10 Minimum-Material Indicating Thread Gages for External Thread .............. 84
5.11 Indicating Runout Gage for External Threads ................................. 88
5.12 Differential Gaging ........................................................... 88
5.13 W Tolerance Thread-Setting Plug Gages ...................................... 91
5.14 Plain Check Plug Gages for Thread Ring Gages ............................... 94
5.15 Indicating Plain Diameter Gages - Major Diameter of Product
External Threads ........................................................... 94
5.16 Indicating Gages to Check Minor Diameter of External Thread ................ 95
5.17 Thread Micrometers .......................................................... 95
5.18 Thread-Measuring Wires ...................................................... 95
5.19 Optical Comparator and Toolmaker’s Microscope ............................. 95
5.20 Profile Tracing Instrument .................................................... 106
5.21 Electromechanical Lead Tester ................................................ 106
5.22 Helical Path Attachment Used With GO Type Thread Indicating Gage ......... 106
5.23 Helical Path Analyzer ........................................................ 106
5.24 Surface Roughness Equipment ................................................ 107
5.25 Roundness Equipment ........................................................ 107
5.26 Miscellaneous Gages and Gaging Equipment .................................. 107
Figures
1 Maximum-Material GO Functional Limit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2 Partial End Threads and Chip Grooves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
3 HI Functional Diameter Limit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
4 Thread Snap Gages - Maximum-Material GO Functional Limit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
5 Thread Snap Gages - HI Functional Diameter Limit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
6 Thread Snap Gages - Minimum-Material Pitch Diameter Limit - Cone and Vee . . . 23
7 Thread Snap Gages - Minimum-Material Thread Groove Diameter Limit . . . . . . . . . . . 24
8 Thread Form of Solid Thread-Setting Ring Gages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
9 Minor Diameter Limit - Cylindrical Plug Gages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
10 Indicating Plain Diameter Gages - Max.-Min. Minor Diameter
Limit and Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
11 Snap and Indicating Diameter Gages - Max.-Min. Major Diameter
Limit and Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
X
12 Indicating Thread Gages- Maximum-Material GO Functional
Limit and Size ................................................................... 32
13 Indicating Thread Gages- Minimum-Material Pitch Diameter Limit
and Size - Cone and Vee ........................................................ 35
and Size - Ball and Radius ...................................................... 36
15 Indicating Thread Gages- Diameter Runout - Minor to Pitch ................. ._. . 31
16 Indicating Thread Gages- Differential Gaging ..................................... 39
17 Inside Micrometer, Caliper Type .................................................... 40
18 Maximum-Material GO Functional Limit ........................................... 42
19 LO Functional Diameter Limit ...................................................... 76
20 Thread Snap Gages- Maximum-Material GO Functional Limit .................... 77
21 Thread Snap Gages - LO Functional Diameter Limit ............................... 79
22 Thread Snap Gages - Minimum-Material Pitch Diameter Limit - Cone and Vee ... 81
23 Thread Snap Gages - Minimum-Material Thread Groove Diameter Limit ........... 82
24 Major Diameter Limit .............................................................. 82
25 Minor Diameter Limit Snap Type ................................................... 83
26 Indicating Thread Gages- Maximum-Material GO Functional Diameter Limit
and Size ......................................................................... 85
and Size - Cone and Vee ........................................................ 86
28 Indicating Thread Gages- Minimum-Material Thread Groove Diameter
Limit and Size ................................................................... 87
29 Indicating Thread Gages- Diameter Runout - Major to Pitch ..................... 89
30 Indicating Thread Gages- Differential Gaging ..................................... 90
31 Thread Form of Truncated Thread-Setting Plug Gages ............................... 92
32 Thread Form of Full-Form Thread-Setting Plug Gages .............................. 93
33 Indicating Plain Diameter Gage - Max.-Min. Major Diameter Limit and Size ....... 96
34 Indicating Diameter Gages- Max.-Min. Minor Diameter Limit and Size ............ 97
35 Indicating Gages- Helical Path Attachment Used With GO Type
Indicating Gage .................................................................. 106
Tables
1 Screw Thread Gagesand Measuring Equipment for External Product
Thread Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2 Screw Thread Gages and Measuring Equipment for Internal Product Thread
Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3 RecommendedWidths for Chip Grooves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
4 Specificationsand Format for Tables IO and 12 - Limits of Size of
Threaded and Plain Gagesfor Metric M External and Internal Threads . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
5 Specificationsand Format for Tables 11 and 13 - Limits of Size of Thread-
Setting Gagesfor Metric M Thread Working Gages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
6 X Gage Tolerancesfor Thread Gages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
7 W Gage Tolerancesfor Thread Gages.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
8 Gage Tolerancesfor Plain Cylindrical Gages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . 29
9 Constantsfor Computing Thread Gage Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
10 Gagesfor Standard Thread Series,Classes6g and 6H M Profile Screw
Threads- Limits of Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
11 SettingGatesfor StandardThreadSeries,Classes6g and 6H
M Profile ScrewThreads- Limits of Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
xi
12 Gages for Standard Thread Series, Classes 4g6g and 6H M Profile
Screw Threads - Limits of Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
13 Setting Gages for Standard Thread Series, Classes 4g6g and 6H
M Profile - Limits of Size . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
14 Calibration Requirements and Standards for X Tolerance Thread Gages,
Indicating Gages, Plain Gages, and Measuring Equipment for
External Product Threads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. 98
15 Calibration Requirements and Standards for X Tolerance Thread Gages,
Indicating Gages, Plain Gages, and Measuring Equipment for
Internal Product Threads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 102
16 Calibration Requirements for Thread- and Plain-Setting Gages . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 105
Appendices
A Calibration and Inspection of Limit Gages, Snap Gages, Indicating Gages,
and Measuring Instruments ... ........ ........ ..... ..... ... ............ 109
Al General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
A2 Thread Plug Gage Calibration . .. ..... . ... . . .. .... .. .. . .. 109
A3 Thread Ring Gage Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........ 110
A4 Plain Plug Gage Calibration ..... ... ........ .... ..... .. 112
A5 Plain Ring Gage Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 113
A6 Plain Snap Gages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
A7 Rolls With Zero Lead Thread Form Used on Snap and
Indicating Gages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
A8 Inspecting Peripheral Contacting Segments on Indicating Gages . . .. .. .. 113
A9 inspection of Threaded Contact Segments Used on Internal
Product Thread . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
A10 Check for Magnification Discrepancies Due to Indicating System Linkage .. 11.5
All Calibration of Dial and Electronic Indicators ... . . . . ......... ,. 115
A12 Assessment of Surface Quality . .... ... ...... . ... .. .. ...... .. ... 115
6 Metrology of 60 deg. Screw Threads . .. . . ... . ... ... ..... ......... . 117
BI Wire Method of Measurement of Pitch Diameter (Thread Groove
Diameter) ............................................................... . 117
B2 Size of Wires .............................................................. . 117
B3 Methods of Measuring Wires Considering the Effect of Deformation ........ . 117
B4 Methods of Measurement Using Wires ..................................... . 120
B5 Standard Specification for Wires and Standard Practice in Measurement
of Wires of 60 deg. Threads .......................................... .. 120
B6 General Formula for Measurement of Pitch Diameter ....................... . 121
B7 Simplified Formula for Pitch Diameter ..................................... . . 121
B8 Setting Measuring Instruments With Variable Measuring Force ............. . . 122
B9 Thread Balls ............................................................... . . 122
BIO lnternal Pitch Diameter Measurement ...................................... . . 122
C Metric Tables for Gage Lengths .................................. 125
D Customary Equivalents ........................................... 127
Figure
Bl A Three-Wire Method of Measuring Pitch (Thread Groove)
Diameter of Thread Plug Gages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
xii
Tables
Al Minimum Magnification .......................................................... 110
A2 60deg. Included Thread Angle .................................................... 111
Bl Metric Thread-Measuring Wires for 60 deg. Screw Threads ........................ 119
B2 Measuring Force for Over-Wire Measurements of External Pitch Diameter
and Wire Calibration, and Cylindrical Diameter for Wire Calibration ................. 119
B3 Measuring Force Over Balls for Internal Pitch Diameter
Measurement and Ball Calibration .............................................. 122
Cl Lengths of Taperlock and Trilock Thread Plug Gage Blanks (SI)
Selected From ANSI/ ASME B47.laM .......................................... 125
c2 Lengths of Thread Ring Gage Blanks and Total Thread Lengths of
Standard Truncated Setting Plug Gage Blanks (SI) Selected From
ANSI/ASME B47.laM ......................................................... 126
Dl X Gage Tolerances for Thread Gages .............................................. 128
D2 W Gage Tolerances for Thread Gages ............................................. 129
D3 Gage Tolerances for Plain Cylindrical Gages ....................................... 130
D4 Metric Thread-Measuring Wires for 60 deg. Screw Threads ........................ 130
D5 Gages for Standard Thread Series, Classes 6g and 6H M Profile
Screw Threads - Limits of Size (Customary). ..................................... 131
D6 Setting Gages for Standard Thread Series Classes 6g and 6H M Profile
Screw Threads - Limits of Size (Customary) ...................................... 139
D7 Gages for Standard Thread Series Classes 4g6g and 6H M Profile
Screw Threads - Limits of Size (Customary) ...................................... 147
D8 Setting Gages for Standard Thread Series Classes 4g6g and 6H M Profile
Screw Threads - Limits of Size (Customary) ..................................... 155
D9 Lengths of Taperlock and Trilock Thread Plug Gage Blanks Selected
From ANSI/ ASME B47.laM (Customary) ....................................... 163
DlO Lengths of Thread Ring Gage Blanks and Total Thread Lengths of
Standard Truncated Setting Plug Gage Blanks Selected From ANSI/ ASME
B47.laM(Customary) ..................................................... 164
...
Xl11
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ANSI/AWE 91.16M-1994
GAGES AND GAGING FOR METRIC M SCREW THREADS
1 INTRODUCTION ANSI B89.3.1 Measurement of Out-of-

Roundness
This Standard provides essential specifications and
dimensions for the gages used on M series metric International Standard
screw threads, and covers the specifications and IS0 1502-1978 General Purpose Metric
dimensions for the thread gages and measuring Screw Threads - Gaging
equipment listed in Tables 1 and 2. The basic purpose
and use of each gage are also described.
1.2 Units of Measure
For easy reference, customary conversion of metric
tables has been incorporated as part of Appendix D. All dimensions in this Standard, including tables,
Appendices A through D contain useful nonmanda- are expressed in millimeters (mm) unless otherwise
tory information that is supplementary to the specified.
required Sections of this Standard.
1.3 Classification
1.1 References
In this Standard, the terms HI and LO are used to
The latest editions of the following documents identify functional diameter thread gages, as per the
form a part of this Standard to the extent specified practice of the previous Bl. 16 Standard. The terms
herein. apply to gages identified as NOT GO or minimum
material (M/Mt), as described by their respective
American National Standards
standards.
ANSI B1.2 Gages and Gaging for Uni-
fied Inch Screw Threads
ANSI B1.3M Screw Thread Gaging Sys- 1.4 Federal Government Use
tems for Dimensional
When this Standard is approved by the Depart-
Acceptability
ment of Defense and federal agencies and is incorpo-
ANSI B1.7 Nomenclature, Defini-
rated into FED-STD-H28/22, Screw Thread Stand-
tions, and Letter Symbols
ard for Federal Services, Section 22, the use of this
for Screw Threads
Standard by the federal government will be subject to
ANSI B1.13M Metric Screw Threads -
all requirements and limitations of FED-STD-H28/
M Profile
22.
ANSI B46.1 Surface Texture
ANSI/ ASME B47. IaM Gage Blanks (Metric
Translation of ANSI
B47. I)
ANSI B89.1.6 Measurement of Quali- 2 BASIC PRINCIPLES
fied Plain Internal Diame-
2.1 Accuracy in Gaging
ters for Use as Master
Rings and Ring Gages Thread plug gages are controlled by direct measur-
ANSI B89.1.9 Precision Inch Gage ing methods. Thread ring gages, thread snap limit
Blocks for Length Mea- gages, and indicating thread gages are controlled by
surement (Thru 20 reference to the appropriate setting gages or direct
Inches) measuring methods or both.
I
ANSVASME Bl.l6M-1984 GAGES AND GAGING FOR
AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD METRIC M SCREW THREADS
TABLE 1 SCREW THREAD GAGES AND MEASURING EQUIPMENT FOR

EXTERNAL PRODUCT THREAD CHARACTERISTICS
Func.
Thread Gages limit
and
Measuring Equipment
1 Threaded Rings (ANSI/ASME B47.laM):

1.1 co
1.2 LO
2 Thread Snap Gages

2.1 GO segments
2.2 LO segments
2.3 GO rolls .
2.4 LO rolls
2.5 Minimum material - pitch diameter type - cone and vee .
2.6 Minimum material - thread groove diameter

type - cone only .
3 Plain Diameter Gages

3.1 Plain cylindrical rings for major diameter
3.2 Major diameter snap type
3.3 Minor diameter snap type
3.4 Maximum and minimum major diameter snap type

I I I I I I
3.5 Maximum and minimum minor diameter snap type
4 Indicating Thread Gages

Having either two contacts at 180 deg. or three contacts
at 120 deg.
4.1 GO segments .
4.3 GO rolls .
4.5 Minimum material - pitch diameter type - cone and vee
4.6 Minimum material - thread groove diameter type

- cone only
2
GAGES AND GAGING FOR ANSVASME El .16M-1484
METRIC M SCREW THREADS AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD

EXTERNAL PRODUCT THREAD CHARACTERISTICS (CONT’D)
Metric M
Roundness of
Pitch Cylinder
Diam.
Flank Runout
Angle Root Major Surface
Variation Rad. to Pitch Texture
I N
(Note 1)
(Note 1)
3
ANSI/ASME 61.16M-1984 GAGES AND GAGING FOR

T Metric M
Maximum Minimum Material

Material LO
Functional Thd. Groove
Diameter Pitch Diam. Diam.
Thread Gages Size

and
Measuring Equipment
4.7 Major diameter and pitch diameter runout gage
4.8 Differential segment or roll

(GO profile for one pitch in length) used in combination
with a GO indicating gage to yield a diameter equivalent
for variation in lead (including uniformity of helix), and a
minimum-material indicating gage to yield a diameter
equivalent for variation in flank angle.
5 lndirating Plain Diameter Gages

5.1 Major diameter type
5.2 Minor diameter type
6 Pitch Micrometer With Standard Contacts (Approximately LO

Profile) Cone and Vee
7 Pitch Micrometer With Modified Contacts (Approximately

Pitch Diameter Contact) Cone and Vee . .
8 Thread-Measuring Wires With Suitable Measuring Means . .
9 Optical Comparator and Toolmaker’s Microscope With Suita-

ble Fixturing . .
10 Profile Tracing Equipment With Suitable Fixturing
11 Lead Measuring Machine With Suitable Fixturing
--I
12 Helical Path Attachment Used With GO Type Indicating Gage
13 Helical Path Analyzer
14 Plain Micrometer and Calipers - Modified As Required

I
15
16
Surface
Roundness
Measuring
Equipment
Equipment
--I i
I
I I
4
GAGES AND GAGING FOR ANSVASME 81.16M-1984

Metric M
Roundness of
Pitch Cylinder
Taper
oval Multilobe of Pitch
160 deg. 120 deg. Cylinder Lead Diam.
Incl.
Helix Major Surface
Limit Size limit Size limit Size Variation to Pitch Texture
E, E, F, Fz C, c, H N
. . . . . . .
NOTE:
(1) Maximum minor diameter limit is acceptable when product passes GO gage.
5
ANSVASME 81.16M-1984 GAGES AND GAGING FOR
TABLE 2 SCREW THREAD CAGES AND MEASURING EQUIPMENT FOR

INTERNAL PRODUCT THREAD CHARACTERISTICS
Thread Gages
and
Measuring Equipment
Func.
limit
A,
:unc.
Size
4
Func.
Limit
B,
Func.
Size
82
limit
Cl
I iize
~
I
Cz
limit
! D,
Size
1 Threaded Plugs (ANSI/ASME 847.laM):

.
1.1 co
1.2 HI
2 Thread Snap Gages

.
2.1 GO segments
2.2 HI segments
2.3 GO roils .
2.4 HI rolls
2.5 Minimum material - pitch diameter type - cone
i‘i_
and vee
2.6 Minimum material - thread groove diameter type

- cone only
3 Plain Diameter Gages

3.1 Plain cylindrical plugs for minor diameter
3.2 Major diameter snap type
3.3 Minor diameter snap type
..
.TK
3.4 Maximum and minimum major diameter snap type
I I I
I
3.5 Maximum and minimum minor diameter snap type
4 Indicating Thread Gages

Having either two contacts at 160 deg. or three
contacts at 120 deg.
4.1 GO segments .
4.3 GO rolls . l
- -
6
GAGES AND GAGING FOR ANSVASME El.l6M-1984
TABLE 2 SCREW THREAD CAGES AND MEASURING EQUIPMENT FOR

INTERNAL PRODUCT THREAD CHARACTERISTICS
Metric M
lead Diam.
Incl. Runout
Helix Root Minor Surface
Variation Rad. to Pitch Texture
1 M N
(Note 1)
(Note 1)
7

INTERNAL PRODUCT THREAD CHARACTERISTICS (CONT’D)
Metric M
Maximum Minimum Material

Material HI
Functional Thd. Groove
GO Diameter Pitch Diam. Diam.
Func. Func. I
Thread Gages limit Size limit Size limit Size
and
Measuring Equipment A, A* Cl C2 D, D2
4.5 Minimum material - pitch diameter type - cone

. .
and vee
4.6 Minimum material - thread groove diameter

. .
type - cone only
4.7 Minor diameter and pitch diameter runout gage
4.8 Differential segment or roll

(GO profile for one pitch in length) used in combination
with a GO indicating gage to yield a diameter equivalent for
variation in lead (including uniformity of helix), and a
minimum-material indicating gage to yield a diameter equi-
valent for variation in flank angle
5 Indicating Plain Diameter Gages

5.1 Major diameter type
5.2 Minor diameter type
6 Pitch Micrometer With Standard Contacts (Approximately HI

Profile) Cone and Vee
7 Pitch Micrometer With Modified Contacts (Approximately

Pitch Diameter Contact) Cone and Vee
8 Thread-Measuring Balls With Suitable Measuring Means . .
9 Optical Comparator and Toolmaker’s Microscope With Suita-

ble Fixturing and Cast Replica
10 Profile Tracing Equipment With Suitable Fixturing
14 Surface Measuring Equipment
8
GAGES AND GAGING FOR ANSI/ASME Bl .16M-1984

INTERNAL PRODUCT THREAD CHARACTERISTICS (CONT’D)
Metric M
Roundness of
Major Minor
Lead Diameter Diameter Diam.
Incl. Flank Runout
Helix Angle Root Minor Surface
Size Variation Variation Limit Size limit Size Rad. to Pitch Texture
G2 H I I, Jz K, k 1 M N
. .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . . .
. . .
b . . .
NOTE:
(1) Minimum major diameter limit is acceptable when product passes GO gage.
9
ANSIIASME 81 .16M-1984 GAGES AND GAGING FOR
2.2 Limitations of Gaging 2.4 Standard Temperature
2.2.1 Product threads accepted by a gage of one 2.4.1 A temperature of 20°C (68°F) is the stan-
type may be verified by other types. It is possible, dard temperature used internationally for linear
however, that parts which are near a limit may be measurements. Nominal dimensions of gages and
accepted by one type and rejected by another. Also, it product as specified and actual dimensions as mea-
is possible for two individual limit gages of the same sured shall be within specified limits at this tempera-
type to be at opposite extremes of the gage tolerances ture. For screw thread gaging, the acceptable toler-
permitted, and borderline product threads accepted ance on the standard temperature is +l”C (+2OF).
by one gage could be rejected by another. For these
reasons, a product screw thread is considered accepta- 2.4.2 As product threads are frequently checked
ble when it passes a test by any of the permissible at temperatures which are not controlled, it is
gages in ANSI B 1.3M for the gaging system specified, desirable that the coefficient of the thermal expan-
provided the gages being used are within the toleran- sion of gages be the same as that of the product on
ces specified in this Standard. which they are used. Inasmuch as the majority of
threaded product consists of iron or steel, and screw
2.2.2 Gaging large product external and internal thread gages are ordinarily made of hardened steel,
threads equal to or greater than 160 mm nominal size this condition is usually fulfilled without special
with plain and threaded plug and ring gages presents attention, provided thread gages and product have
problems for technical and economic reasons. In stabilized to the same temperature. When the mate-
these instances, verification may be based on use of rials of the product thread and the gage are dissimi-
modified snap or indicating gages or measurement of lar, the differing thermal coefficients can cause
thread elements. Various types of gages or measuring serious complications and must be taken into
devices in addition to those defined in this Standard account, unless both product and gage at the time of
are available and acceptable when properly corre- gaging are at a temperature of:
lated to this Standard. The producer and user should (a) 20°C +2”C (68°F +4”F) for 25 mm and smaller;
agree on the method and equipment used. (6) 20°C &-1“C (68°F +2’F) for sizes above 25 mm
to 75 mm;
2.2.3 Indicating gages for internal threads smaller (c) 20°C +0.5”C (68°F k 1°F) for sizes above 75
than 5 mm are not available. mm to 150 mm.
2.3 Determining Size of Gages
2.3.1 Measuring Pitch Diameter. The three-

wire method of determining pitch diameter size of
2.5 Rounding Procedure for Converting Met-
thread plug gages is standard for gages in this
ric Gage Values to Inch Gage Values
Standard. Refer to Appendix B.
Determine metric gage dimensions from gage
2.3.2 Size limit adjustments of thread ring and specifications. Calculate the inch gage size by divid-
external thread snap gages are determined by their fit ing the metric gage size (given to three decimal
on their respective calibrated setting plugs. Indicating places) by 25.4. Round to five decimal places by the
gages and thread gages for product external threads following method: when the first digit discarded is
are controlled by reference to appropriate calibrated less than 5, the last digit retained should not be
setting plugs. changed. If the first discarded digit is greater than 5,
or if it is a 5 followed by at least one digit other than
2.3.3 Size limit adjustments of internal thread 0, the last figure retained should be increased by one
snap gages are determined by their fit on their unit. If the first discarded digit is a 5 followed by only
respective calibrated setting rings. Indicating gages zeros, the last digit retained should be rounded
and other adjustable thread gages for product inter- upward if it is an odd number, but not changed if it is
nal threads are controlled by reference to appropriate an even number. Metric dimensions are official
calibrated setting rings or by direct measuring values, and all inch tables shown in Appendix D are
methods. for reference only.
IO
Copyrighted material licensed to Stanford University by Thomson Scientific (www.techstreet.com), downloaded on Oct-05-2010 by Stanford University User. No further reproduction or distribution is permitted. Uncontrolled wh
GAGES AND GAGING FOR ANSVASME Bl.l6M-1984
EXAMPLES OF ROUNDING: thread. At the functional diameter limit, using HI

6.437243782 is rounded IO 6.43724
and LO thread gages, the standard practice is to have
6.437246643 is rounded lo 6.43725
6.437245001 is rounded to 6.43725
the gage tolerance within the limits of size of the
6.437255000 is rounded to 6.43726 product thread. Specifications for gage limits are
6.437245ooO is rounded to 6.43724 listed in Tables 4 and 5.
3.5 Standard Thread Gage Tolerances

3 GENERAL PRACTICE
Standard tolerances for thread-working gages,
3.1 General Design
thread-setting plugs, and setting rings are as follows:
The design of gages is specified only to the extent (a) W tolerances, shown in Table 7, represent the
that it affects the results obtained in the gaging of highest commercial grade of accuracy and workman-
product threads. Moreover, to serve their intended ship and are specified for thread-setting gages;
purposes satisfactorily, thread gages should be pro- (6) X tolerances, shown in Table 6, are larger than
duced by the latest and best manufacturing tech- W tolerances and are used for product inspection
niques. The type of steel or wear-resistant material gages.
selected, together with the heat-treating and stabiliza- Unless otherwise specified, all thread gages and
tion processes, should provide wear life and dimen- gaging contacts that directly check the product
sional stability. Thread gaging elements should be thread shall be X tolerance.
precisely manufactured to assure adequate refine-
ment of surface texture, prevention or elimination of
3.6 Tolerance on Lead
amorphous or smear metal, and uniformity of thread
form over the entire length of the gaging member. Cumulative effect of progressive or erratic helix
variation and thick or thin end thread variations is
specified as an allowable variation between any two
3.2 Types of Gages
threads not farther apart than the length of the
GO thread gages check either the maximum- standard taperlock or trilock gage, shown in ANSI/
material limit or size to assure interchangeable as- ASME B47.laM. In the case of setting plugs, the
sembly. HI and LO thread gages inspect the HI and specified tolerance shall be applicable to the thread
LO functional diameter limit. length in the mating ring gage or nine pitches,
GO and NOT GO plain cylindrical plug or ring whichever is smaller. For setting rings, the tolerance
gages and snap or indicating gages check the limit or applies to a thread length of three pitches. The
size of the minor diameter of product internal threads tolerance on lead establishes the width of a zone,
and the major diameter of product external threads, measured parallel to the axis of the thread, within
respectively. which the actual helical path must lie for the specified
length of the thread. Measurements will be taken
from a fixed referenck point located at the start of the
3.3 interpretation of Tolerances
first full thread to a sufficient number of positions
Tolerances on lead, half-angle, and pitch diameter along the entire helix to detect all types of lead
are variations which may be taken independently for variations. The amounts that these positions vary
each of these elements and may be taken to the extent from their basic (theoretical) positions will be
allowed by respective tabulated dimensional limits. recorded with due respect to sign. The greatest
The tabulated tolerance on any one element shall not variation in each direction [plus and minus (+)I will
be exceeded, even though variations in the other two be selected and the sum of their values, disregarding
elements are smaller than the respective tabulated sign, shall not exceed the specified tolerance. If the
tolerances. variations are all in one direction, the maximum
value governs conformance. In the case of truncated
setting plugs, the lead variations present on the full-
3.4 Direction of Tolerances on Gages
form portion and the truncated portion of an
At the maximum-material limit (GO), the dimen- individual gage shall not differ from each other by
sions of all gages used for final conformance gaging more than 0.003 mm over any portion equivalent to
are to be within the limits of size of the product the length of the thread ring gage, or nine pitches,
11
whichever is less. (When linear lead and drunkenness ments are given in Table 14 for external product
are measured as individual elements and the sum of threads, in Table i5 for internal product threads, and
these does not exceed the tolerance specified, the gage in Table 16 for setting gages. See Appendix A for
is well within tolerance.) methods of calibrating and inspecting gages.
3.7 Tolerances on Half-Angle

Tolerances are specified for the half-angles rather
than the included angle to assure that the bisector of
the included angle will be perpendicular to the axis of 4 TYPES OF GAGES FOR PRODUCT
the thread within proper limits. The equivalent of the INTERNAL THREAD
variation from the true thread form caused by such 4.1 GO Working Thread Plug Gages
irregularities as convex, concave or wavy flanks, (Table 2 - Gage 1 .l)
rounded crests, or slight projections on the thread
form shall not exceed the tolerance permitted on half- 4.1 .l Purpose and Use. The GO thread plug
angle. gage inspects the maximum-material GO functional
limit, A,, of product internal thread. The GO thread
gage represents the maximum-material GO func-
3.8 Check of Effect of Lead and Flank Angle tional limit of the product internal thread, and its
Variations on Product Thread purpose is to assure interchangeable assembly of
maximum-material mating parts. GO thread plug
When this check is specified, there are two general
gages must enter and pass through the full-threaded
methods available for the inspection procedures
length of the product freely. The GO thread plug gage
involved.
is a cumulative check of all thread elements except
(a) Direct Measurement of Lead and Half-Angle
the minor diameter.
of Flanks. The lead and flank angles of the product
thread may be measured by means of available
4.1.2 Basic Design. The maximum-material
measuring equipment, such as, but not limited to,
limit on GO thread plug gages is made to the
thread indicating gages, projection comparators,
prescribed maximum-material limit of the product
measuring microscopes, graduated cone points, lead
internal thread, and the gaging length is equal to the
measuring machines, helix variation measuring
length of the gaging plug.
machines, and thread flank charting equipment.
Diameter equivalents of such variations from nomi-
4.1.3 Gage Blanks. For practical and economic
nal may be calculated: each 0.0025 mm variation in
reasons, the design and lengths of the gaging plug
lead amounts to 0.0043 mm (1.732 X 0.0025) increase
members have been standardized for various size
in functional pitch diameter on external threads or a
ranges and pitches (see ANSI/ASME B47.laM or
decrease in functional pitch diameter on internal
Table Cl).
threads for 60 deg. screw threads. The tangent of
half-angle variation times 1.5~ equals the approxi-
4.1.4 Thread Form. The specifications for thread
mate maximum change in functional pitch diameter,
form are summarized in Table 4 and Fig. 1.
based on a height of thread engagement of 0.625H
and equal half-angle variations.
4.1.5 Thread Crests. The major diameter of the
(6) Differential Gaging Utilizing Indicating Thread GO thread plug gage shall be the same as the
Gages. See Sections 4 and 5 for explanation and minimum major diameter of the product internal
illustration of differential gaging for internal and thread with a plus gage tolerance. The thread crests
external threads. shall be flat in an axial section and parallel to the
axis.
3.9 Calibration Requirements and Standards

4.1.6 Thread Roots. The minor diameter of the
Calibration requirements and standards for X GO thread plug gage shall be cleared beyond a p/8
tolerance thread gages, snap gages, and indicating width of flat either by an extension of the sides of the
gages, Z tolerance plain gages, and measuring instru- thread toward a sharp vee or by an undercut no
12
FIG. 1 MAXIMUM-MATERIAL GO FUNCTIONAL LIMIT
greater thanp/8 maximum width and approximately 4.1.9 Lead and Half-Angle Variations. Lead
central. and half-angle variations shall be within the limits
specified. See Table 6.
4.1.7 Runout of Pitch and Major Cylinders.
On thread plug gages an eccentric condition produces 4.1 .I0 Incomplete Thread. The feather edge at
an oversize effective major diameter having a width both ends of the threaded section of the gaging
of flat less than p/8, which may encroach on the member shall be removed. On pitches coarser than
minimum permissible limit for the root profile of the 0.8 mm, not more than one complete turn of the end
product internal thread. The permissible maximum threads shall be removed to obtain a full-thread form
effective major diameter, as determined by adding blunt start. See Fig. 2. On pitches 0.8 mm and finer, a
measurement of runout (full-indicator movement) 60 deg. chamfer from the axis of the gage is
with respect to the pitch cylinder to the measured acceptable in lieu of the blunt start.
major diameter, shall not exceed the maximum major
diameter specified. 4.1.11 Chip Grooves. Each GO thread plug
gage, except in sizes M4 and smaller, shall be
4.1.8 Pitch Cylinder. The pitch cylinder shall be provided with a chip groove at the entering end. On
round and straight within the gage pitch diameter reversible gages, a chip groove shall be provided at
limits specified. each end. Chip grooves that are in accordance with
13
ANSI/ASME Bl.l6M-1984 GAGES AND GAGING FOR
Convolution
rise .‘
\
Remove incomplete thread

for one complete turn at
both ends.
FIG. 2 PARTIAL END THREADS AND CHIP GROOVES
commercial practice are acceptable, such as a groove TABLE 3 RECOMMENDED WIDTHS

cut at an angle with the axis or a longitudinal groove FOR CHIP GROOVES
cut parallel with the axis and extending the complete
Chip Groove Width, A,
length of the gaging member. The groove shall be mm
located circumferentially at the start of the full Nominal Diameter,
thread, and in all cases the depth shall extend below mm Max. Min.
the root of the first full thread. The distance from the M4 and smaller No chip groove required
major diameter of the thread plug to the crest of the Over M4 to M5, inch. 0.91 0.66
convolution rise in front of the chip groove, due to Over M5 to MlO, inch. 1.32 1.07
the radius of the convoluting tool, shall be a Over Ml0 to M12, incl. 1.70 1.45
Over Ml2 to M24, incl. 2.11 1.70
minimum of H/2 as shown in Fig. 2. The beginning
Over M24 to M39, incl. 3.30 1.70
of the first thread shall be full form. The recom- Over M39 4.90 1.70
mended widths for chip grooves are as shown in
Table 3.
4.2 HI Thread Plug Gages (Table 2 - Gage

4.1 .12 Identification. The GO thread plugs
1.2)
should be marked by the metric nominal size, pitch-
tolerance class, GO, PD, and pitch diameter in 4.2.1 Purpose and Use. The HI thread plug gage
millimeters (if PD is basic size, tolerance class may be inspects the HI functional diameter limit, B,, of
eliminated). product internal thread. The HI thread plug gage
EXAMPLE: represents the HI functional diameter limit of the
M8 x I-6H GO PD7.350 product internal thread.
14
TABLE 4 SPECIFICATIONS AND FORMAT FOR TABLES 10 AND 12 - LIMITS OF SIZE OF

THREADED AND PLAIN GAGES FOR METRIC M EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL THREADS
Nominal Size and Pitch 1 (To be specified)
Tolerance Class I 2 I Of external thread to be checked
I Pitch I 3 I Max. pitch diameter of external thread;

diameter gage tolerance minus
GO I I
Thread gages
I Minor
diameter / 4 I
Max. pitch diameter
minus H/2;
of external
gage tolerance minus
thread;
Pitch 5 Min. pitch diameter of external thread;

Gages for diameter gage tolerance plus
LO
External
Minor 6 Min. pitch diameter of external thread
Threads
diameter minus 0.2~; gage tolerance plus
Plain gages
for major
GO
NOT GO
! 7
I Max.
thread;
Min.
major diameter
gage tolerance
major diameter
of external
minus
of external
diameter
I a I thread; gage tolerance plus
I Major I 9 I Min. major diameter of internal

diameter thread; gage tolerance plus
GO
Pitch 10 Min. pitch diameter of internal thread;
diameter gage tolerance plus
Thread gages
Mayor 11 Max. pitch diameter of internal thread
Gages for diameter plus 0.2~; gage tolerance minus
HI
Internal
Threads Pitch 12 Max. pitch diameter of internal thread;
diameter gage tolerance minus
GO 13 Min. minor diameter of internal

Plain gages thread; gage tolerance plus
for minor
diameter NOT GO 14 Max. minor diameter of internal
thread; gage tolerance minus
Tolerance Class
I 15
I Of internal thread to be checked
Thread plug gages when applied to the product be forced after the drag is definite. Special require-
internal thread may engage only the end threads ments such as, but not limited to, an exceptionally
(which may not be representative of the complete thin or ductile material. or a small number of threads,
thread). Entering threads on product are incomplete may necessitate modification of this practice.
and permit gage to start. Starting threads on HI plugs
are subject to greater wear than the remaining 4.2.2 Basic Design. To better check the maxi-
threads. Such wear in combination with the incom- mum functional diameter limit. the flank contact is
plete product threads permits further entry of the reduced by truncating the major diameter, and the
gage. HI functional diameter is acceptable when the length of the gaging element, where practical, is less
HI thread plug gage is applied to the product internal than that of the GO gage.
thread it does not enter, or if all complete product
threads can be entered, provided that a definite drag 4.2.3 Gage Blanks. For practical and economic
from contact with the product material results on or reasons, the designs and lengths of the gaging
before the second turn of entry. The gage should not elements have been standardized for various size
15
ANSI/ASME Bl.l6M-1984 GAGES AND GAGING FOR
FIG. 3 HI FUNCTIONAL DIAMETER LIMIT
ranges and pitches (see ANSI/ ASME B47.laM or from ~“‘8 maximum width, either side of and
Table Cl). approximately central with the center line of the
thread groove.
4.2.4 Thread Form. The specifications for thread
form are summarized in Table 4 and Fig. 3.
4.2.7 Runout of Pitch and Major Cylinders.
The permissible maximum effective diameter, as
4.2.5 Thread Crests. The maximum major
determined by adding measurements of runout (full-
diameter of the HI thread plug gage shall be equal to
indicator movement) with respect to the pitch
the maximum pitch diameter of the product internal
cylinder to the measured major diameter, shall not
thread plus 0.2~ with the gage tolerance minus. This
exceed the maximum major diameter specified.
corresponds to a width of flat at the crest of the gage
equal to 0.385~. See Table 4.
4.2.8 Pitch Cylinder. The pitch cylinder shall be
4.2.6 Thread Roots. The minor diameter of the round and straight within the gage pitch diameter
HI thread plug gage shall be cleared beyond a p/8 limits specified.
width of flat by an extension toward a sharp vee of
the sides of the thread from the position correspond- 4.2.9 Lead and Half-Angle Variations. Lead
ing to this approximate width; or by an undercut to and half-angle variations shall be within the limits
any dimension no wider than the width resulting specified. See Table 6.
16
4.2.10 Incomplete Thread. The feather edge at of thread at sufficient axial positions to check the
both ends of the threaded section of the gaging full-thread length. Thread rolls shall be applied
member shall be removed. On pitches coarser than axially at several locations (three if possible) over the
0.8 mm, not more than one complete turn of the end full-thread length of product. The circumference shall
threads shall be removed to obtain a full-thread blunt be checked at each position.
start. See Fig. 2. On pitches 0.8 mm and finer, a 60
deg. chamfer from the axis of the gage is acceptable 4.3.3 Thread Form. The specifications for thread
in lieu of the blunt start. form are summarized in Table 4 and Fig. 4.
4.2.11 identification. The HI thread plug gage 4.3.4 Thread Crests. The outside diameter of the
should be marked with the metric nominal size, pitch- threaded portion of the GO segments or rolls has the
tolerance class, HI, PD, and pitch diameter in equivalent of ap/8 flat on the thread with a plus gage
millimeters. tolerance. The thread crest shall be flat in an axial
EXAMPLE:
section and parallel to the axis of the gaging member.
M8 X I-6H HI PD7.500
4.3.5 Thread Roots. The minor diameter of the
threaded portion of the GO segments or rolls shall be
cleared beyond a p/8 flat either by an extension of
4.3 Thread Snap Gages - GO Segments or
the flanks of the thread toward a sharp vee or by an
Rolls (Table 2 - Gages 2.1 and 2.3)
undercut no greater than p/8 maximum width and
4.3.1 Purpose and Use. The thread snap gage approximately central.
with two GO threaded segments or two GO zero lead
rolls inspects the maximum-material GO functional 4.3.6 Runout. The pitch and major cylinders of
limit, A,, of product internal thread. The setting of the threaded portion of the GO segments or rolls
the GO segments or rolls represents the maximum- shall not exceed the runout as determined by
material GO functional limit of the product internal measurements of runout (full-indicator movement)
thread, and its purpose is to assure interchangeable on each gaging member, with respect to the pitch
assembly of maximum-material mating parts. The cylinder. Runout shall not exceed one-half the X gage
segments or rolls theoretically engage over the full- major diameter tolerance.
threaded length of the product. The segments or rolls
have a cumulative check of all thread elements except 4.3.7 Pitch Cylinder. The pitch cylinder of the
the minor diameter. threaded portion of the GO segments or rolls shall be
Internal thread snap gages by design must have an straight and round within the X gage pitch diameter
outside diameter of gaging elements below minor limits specified.
diameter of internal thread in order to enter. The
gage checks all thread elements by sensing the 4.3.8 Lead, Pitch, and Half-Angle Variations.
resistance of contact after being set to a master. Lead, pitch, and half-angle variations shall be within
The GO thread snap gage can also indicate out-of- the limits specified. See Table 6.
roundness of pitch cylinder for 180 deg. ovality by
using the gage at different internal diametral loca- 4.3.9 Identification. The assembled gage should
tions on the product thread. be marked by the metric nominal size, pitch-tolerance
class, GO, PD, and pitch diameter in millimeters.
4.3.2 Basic Design. The GO segments and rolls EXAMPLE:
assembled into gage frames are the design of the M8 X I-6H GO PD7.350
individual gage manufacturer. The lengths of the two
threaded segments and the two thread rolls spaced
4.4 Thread Snap Gages - HI Segments or
180 deg. apart are equivalent to the standard plug
Rolls (Table 2 - Gages 2.2 and 2.4)
gage blank lengths for practical and economic
reasons. See Table Cl and Fig. 4. Internal product 4.4.1 Purpose and Use. The thread snap gage
threads less than 5 mm in diameter are not practical with two HI segments or two HI rolls inspects the HI
to check with snap gages. GO thread segments shall functional diameter limit, B,, of product internal
engage 25% or more of the product circumference. thread. The setting of the HI segments or rolls
The product shall be checked around circumference represents the maximum functional diameter limit of
17
ANSVASME 61.16M-1984 GAGES AND GAGING FOR
TABLE 5 SPECIF CATIONS AND FORMAT FOR TABLES 11 AND 13 - LIMITS OF SIZE OF
THREA >-SETTING GAGES FOR METRIC M THREAD WORKING GAGES
-
Nominal Size and Pitch 1 (To be specified)
Tolerance Class Of external thread to be checked by gage set

with plug
Major
I Truncated* Max. pitch diam.
gage tolerance
of external
minus
thread plus 0.2P;
Plug for GO
diameter Full-form 4 Max. major diameter of external thread; gage
tolerance plus
Pitch diameter 5 Max. pitch diameter of external thread; gage tol-

erance minus
Full-Form Truncated* 6 Min. pitch diameter of external thread plus

and (Note 1) 0.2P; gage tolerance minus
Truncated
Max. major diameter of external thread pro-
Setting
vided that major diameter crest width shall not
Plugs
be less than 0.0254 mm (0.022 mm truncation).
Major Apply W tolerance plus. Exception: if minimum
Plug for LO Full-form 7
diameter major diameter crest width is less than 0.0254
mm (0.022 mm truncation), set nominal crest
width to 0.0254 mm and apply gage tolerance
minus. For the 0.0254 mm crest, major diameter is
equal to the maximum major diameter of the
external thread plus 0.216506~ minus the sum of
the external thread pitch diameter tolerance and
0.0440 mm.
Pitch diameter 8 Min. pitch diameter of external thread; gage tol-

erance plus
I Pitch diameter 9 Min. pitch diameter of internal thread; W gage

tolerance plus
Ring for
GO 10 Min. minor diameter of internal thread; W gage
tolerance minus
Solid Thread-Setting
Rings for Snap and
11 Max, pitch diameter of internal thread; W gage
Indicating Gages
tolerance minus
R$fng for ) pitTger
12 Max, minor diameter of internal thread; W
gage tolerance minus
Tolerance Class 13 Of internal thread to be checked by gage set

with ring
-
*Indicated rows apply to truncated setting plugs only.
NOTES:
(1) Truncated portion is required when optional sharp root profile in Figs. 19 and 21 is used.
(2) Tolerances greater than W tolerance for pitch diameter are acceptable when setting internal indicating or snap gages that
are capable of compensating and when agreed upon by the supplier and user.
18
GAGES AND GAGING FOR ANSVASME Bl .16M-1984
TABLE 6 X GAGE TOLERANCES FOR THREAD GAGES

- -
Tolerance on Major
or Minor Diameters Tolerance on Pitch Diameter
Tolerance (Note 4) (Notes 2, 4)
on
Tolerance Half-Angle To and To and Above Above Above
Pitch, on Lead, mm of Thread, tncluding Above Including 39 mm to 100 mm 200mm
mm (Notes 1, 3) deg. f min. 100 mm 100 mm 39 mm 100 mm to2OOmm to 300 mm

--
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 a 9
0.2 0.005 0 40 0.008 0.005 .. . .

0.25 .005 0 40 ,008 . ,005 . ..
0.3 ,005 0 30 .008 .005 . .
0.35 .005 0 30 .008 ,005 ..

0.4 ,005 0 30 ,010 ,005 . . .
0.45 ,005 0 30 .OlO ,005 0.008 . .
0.5 ,005 0 30 ,010 .005 ,008 . . .

0.55 ,005 0 30 ,010 .005 ,008 ... .
0.6 .005 0 20 ,010 ,005 ,008 ..
0.65 ,005 0 20 ,010 .005 ,008 .

0.7 ,005 0 20 ,010 .005 .008 .
0.75 ,005 0 20 .OlO ,005 .008 .
0.8 .008 0 15 ,013 0.018 .008 ,010 0.013 0.015

1. .008 0 15 .013 ,018 ,008 .OlO ,013 ,015
1.25 .008 0 15 ,013 .018 ,008 ,010 ,013 ,015
1.5 ,008 0 10 ,015 ,023 ,008 ,010 ,015 ,018

1.75 ,008 0 10 ,015 ,023 ,008 ,010 ,015 ,018
2. .008 0 10 ,015 .023 .008 ,010 ,015 .018
2.5 ,008 0 10 ,015 .023 ,008 ,010 ,015 ,018

3. ,008 0 10 ,018 .028 .OlO .013 ,015 .018
3.5 ,010 0 5 ,018 ,028 ,010 ,013 .015 ,018
4. ,010 0 5 .018 ,033 .OlO .013 ,015 .018

4.5 ,010 0 5 ,020 .033 ,010 ,013 .015 ,020
5. ,010 0 5 .020 ,033 ,010 ,013 ,015 .020
5.5 .OlO 0 5 ,020 .033 ,010 ,013 ,015 ,020

6. ,010 0 5 .023 .038 ,010 ,013 ,015 .020
8. ,010 0 5 ,023 .038 .OlO ,013 ,015 ,020
-
(1) Allowable variation in lead between any two threads shall not be farther apart than the lengths of the standard gages that are
shown in ANSI/ASME B47.laM.
(2) Above M300, the tolerance is directly proportional to the tolerance in col. 9, in the ratio of the diameter to 300 mm.
(3) See 5.13.9.
(4) Tolerances apply to designated size of thread. Apply tolerances in accordance with Table 4.
19
GAGES AND GAGING FOR
METRIC M SCREW THREADS
STANDARD
AN PrMERlCAN NATIONAL
AN SI /ASME Bl.l6M-1984
the product internal thread. In applying the thread 4.4.7 Pitch Cylinder. The pitch cylinder of the
snap limit gage, the HI functional diameter is threaded portion of the HI segments or rolls shall be
acceptable when gaging elements do not pass the round within the X gage pitch diameter limits
product thread. specified.
Internal thread snap gages by design must have an
outside diameter of gaging elements below minor 4.4.8 Lead, Pitch, and Half-Angle Variations.
diameter of internal thread in order to enter. The Lead, pitch, and half-angle variations shall be within
gage checks the HI functional diameter limit by the limits specified. See Table 6.
sensing the resistance to contact after being set to
master. 4.4.9 Identification. The assembled gage should
The HI thread snap gage will also indicate out-of- be marked by the metric nominal size, pitch-tolerance
roundness of the pitch cylinder for 180 deg. ovality by class, HI, PD, and pitch diameter in millimeters.
using the gage at different diametral locations on EXAMPLE:
internal thread. The HI thread snap gage will also M8 X I-6H HI PD7.500
check for taper of pitch cylinder by using the gage at
different locations axially on internal thread.
4.4.2 Basic Design. In order that the HI thread

4.5 Thread Snap Gages - Minimum
snap gage may effectively check the HI functional
Material: Pitch Diameter Cone and Vee
diameter limit, the flank contact is reduced by
(Table 2 - Gage 2.5)
truncating the thread on segments and rolls. As the
design of the segments and rolls is different with 4.5.1 Purpose and Use. The thread snap gage
each gage manufacturer, the number of threads with two segments or two rolls, both made to cone
engaged in product thread will vary. Usually, the and vee design as shown in Fig. 6, inspects the
number of pitches engaged is approximately two. minimum-material limit pitch diameter, C,, of the
Internal product threads less than 5 mm in diameter product internal thread.
are not practical to check with snap gages. Internal thread snap gages by design must have an
outside diameter of gaging elements below minor
4.4.3 Thread Form. The specifications for thread diameter of internal thread in order to enter. The
form are summarized in Table 4 and Fig. 5. gage checks the minimum-material pitch diameter
limit by sensing the resistance of contact after being
4.4.4 Thread Crests. The maximum major set to master.
diameter of the HI segments and rolls shall be equal The cone and vee snap gage can check roundness
to the pitch diameter of segment or roll plus 0.2~ with of pitch cylinder for 180 deg. ovality by using the
the gage tolerance minus. This corresponds to a gage at different diametral locations on internal
width of flat at the crest equal to 0.385~. See Table 4. thread.
The cone and vee snap gage can check taper of
4.4.5 Thread Roots. The minor diameter of the pitch cylinder by using the gage at different locations
HI segments and rolls shall be cleared beyond a p/8 axially on internal thread.
width of flat by an extension toward a sharp vee of
the sides of the thread or by an undercut to any 4.5.2 Basic Design. The segments are usually
dimension no wider than p/4. Undercut is to be made having a surface contact slightly above the
approximately central with the center line of the pitch line near the center of the flank. The rolls are
thread groove. See Fig. 5. made with a point or line contact approximately at
the pitch line, depending upon the angle variations of
4.4.6 Runout. The pitch and major cylinders of the thread flanks. See Fig. 6 for details. Internal
the threaded portion of the HI segments or rolls shall product threads less than 5 mm in diameter are not
not exceed the runout as determined by measure- practical to check with snap gages.
ments of runout (full-indicator movement) on each
gaging member, with respect to the pitch cylinder. 4.5.3 Thread Form. The specifications for thread
Runout shall not exceed one-half of the X gage major form, thread crests, and thread roots are summarized
diameter tolerance. in Fig. 6.
21
LIMIT
DIAMETER
HI FUNCTIONAL
be relieved
form
as shown
Alternate
design
ma”
-
GAGES
SNAP
THREAD
5
FIG.
HI Threaded Segments
Lead Rolls
Zero
HI
Total segment contact
to be 25% or more of
circumference
Form of relief
I Pitch cylinder
Gagmg elements
contact above
(Ref.) I
(4
GENERAL NOTE:
Contacts in other positions near
the pitch cylinder are also used.
FIG. 6 THREAD SNAP GAGES - MINIMUM-MATERIAL PITCH DIAMETER LIMIT - CO

ANSVASME 81 .16M-1984 GAGES AND GAGING FOR
Gaging contacts with radius

one-half “best size” thread
wire diam.
FIG. 7 THREAD SNAP GAGES - MINIMUM-

MATERIAL THREAD GROOVE DIAMETER LIMIT
4.5.4 Identification. The assembled gage should The roll thread snap gage will check roundness of
be marked by the metric nominal size, pitch-tolerance the pitch cylinder for 180 deg. ovality by using the
class, PD, and pitch diameter in millimeters. gage at different diametral locations.
EXAMPLE: Also, the roll thread snap gage will check taper of
M8 X I-6H PD7.500 the pitch cylinder by using the gage at different
locations axially.
4.6.2 Basic Design. The “best size” thread wire

4.6 Thread Snap Gages - Minimum radius contacts on the rolls check the threads at the
Material: Thread Groove Diameter Type pitch cylinder. Ribs on roll contacts are made one
(Table 2 - Gage 2.6) pitch apart. Internal product threads less than 5 mm
in diameter are not practical to check with snap
4.6.1 Purpose and Use. The thread snap gage gages.
with two rolls with “best size” thread wire radius
contacts inspects the minimum-material limit pitch
4.6.3 Thread Form. The specifications for the
diameter, D,, of the product internal thread.
form on gage rolls are summarized in Fig. 7.
Internal thread snap gages by design must have an
outside diameter of gaging elements below minor
diameter of internal thread in order to enter. The 4.6.4 Identification. The assembled gage with
gage checks the minimum-material pitch diameter rolls should be marked with the metric nominal size,
limit by sensing the resistance of contact after being pitch-tolerance class, PD, and pitch diameter in
set to master. millimeters.
24
EXAMPLE: minor diameter minus the sum of the W gage toler-

M8 X 1-6H PD7.500 ances for pitch and minor diameter for GO setting
gages, and minus twice the sum for HI setting gages.
4.7 Thread-Setting Solid Ring Gages
4.7.7 Pitch Cylinder. Conformance of these
4.7.1 Purpose and Use. Thread-setting ring elements is normally determined by the manufactur-
gages are used for setting internal thread indicating ing of the setting ring gages to the applicable setting
and snap gages. GO thread-setting ring gages are
plug gage.
made to the maximum-material limit of the internal
thread specification and HI thread-setting rings to 4.7.8 Pitch Diameter Limitation of Taper. The
the minimum-material limit. Setting rings under 5 taper shall be within gage pitch diameter limits.
mm diameter are too small to be practical.
4.7.9 Lead and Half-Angie. Lead and half-angle
47.2 Gage Blanks. GO and HI solid thread ring variations shall be within limits specified in Table 7.
gage blanks have been standardized for various size
ranges and pitches (see ANSI/ ASME B47.laM). 4.7.10 Incomplete Threads. The feather edge at
Length of gage thread is a minimum of four pitches. both ends of the thread ring gage shall be removed.
On gages larger than 12 mm nominal size, or having
4.7.3 The GO and HI thread-setting gage threads pitches coarser than 1.25 mm, not more than one
are stated in detail below and are summarized in complete turn of the end threads shall be removed to
Tables 5, 7, 11, and 13, and Fig. 8. obtain a full-thread blunt start. On gages 12 mm
nominal size and smaller, or having pitches of 1.25
mm or finer, a 60 deg. chamfer from the axis of the
4.7.4 Thread Crests gage is acceptable in lieu of the blunt start.
4.7.4.1 The minor diameter of the GO setting
ring gage is equal to the minimum minor diameter of 4.7.11 Identification. The GO and HI thread-
the internal thread. setting ring gages should be marked by metric
nominal size, pitch-tolerance class, GO or HI, SET-
4.7.4.2 The minor diameter of the HI setting
TING, PD, and pitch diameter in millimeters.
ring gage is equal to the maximum minor diameter of
the internal thread. EXAMPLE:
M8 X I-6H GO SETTING PD7.350
M8 X I-6H HI SETTING PD7.500
4.7.5 Thread Roots

4.7.5.1 The major diameter of the GO setting
ring gage shall be cleared beyond p/ 8 width of flat by 4.8 Plain Plug, Snap, and indicating Gages to
either an extension of the flanks toward a sharp vee Check Minor Diameter of Internal Thread
or by a clearance cut of substantially p/8 width and
4.8.1 Purpose and Use. The GO and HI thread
approximately central. See 5.1.6.
gages of all designs are cleared at the root but do not
4.7.5.2 The major diameter of the HI setting check the minor diameter of the product internal
ring gage shall be cleared by a clearance cut of thread. Accordingly, 4.8.1 through 4.8.6 describe
substantially 0.385~ width and approximately cen- types of plain diameter gage or precision instruments
tral. The form is optional. It may clear a p/8 flat if used to check the maximum- and minimum-material
not undercut. See 5.2.6. limits of the minor diameter.
4.7.6 Runout of Pitch and Minor Diameter 4.8.2 GO and NOT GO Plain Cylindrical Plug
Cylinders for Sizes 5 mm and Larger. The pitch Gages (Table 2 - Gage 3.1). Plug gages shall be
and minor cylinders of setting ring gages shall not made to Z tolerances and as shown in Fig. 9. GO
exceed the runout as stated hereinafter. The permissi- shall be made to plus tolerance; NOT GO shall be
ble minimum effective minor diameter as determined made to minus tolerance. GO cylindrical plug gage
by runout (full-indicator movement) with respect to must enter and pass through the length of the product
the pitch cylinder subtracted from measured minor without force. NOT GO cylindrical plug must not
diameter shall not be less than the specified minimum enter. See Table 8 for gage tolerances.
25
TABLE 7 W GAGE TOLERANCES FOR THREAD GAGES
1 Tolerance on Lead’*’ T
Tolerance on
T Tolerance
Minor
on Major
Diameters’
or
Tolerance on
Toand Above Half-Angle To and Above Toand Above A

Pitch, Including 12 of Thread, Including 12 mm Above Including 12 mm 39
12 mm mm deg. + min. 12 mm to100 mm 100 mm 12 mm to 39 mm 10
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 a 9
0.2 0.003 0 30 0.008 . 0.003 .

0.25 ,003 0 30 .008 . .003
0.3 .003 0 30 .008 . .003 ...
0.35 .003 0.004 0 20 ,008 0.008 ,003 0.004

0.4 .003 ,004 0 20 ,008 ,008 . ,003 .004
0.45 ,003 .004 0 20 ,008 .OlO ,003 .004
0.5 ,003 ,004 0 20 ,008 ,010 . ,003 ,004

0.55 .003 ,004 0 18 .008 ,010 ,003 .004
0.6 .003 .004 0 18 .008 ,010 ,003 .004
0.65 ,003 ,004 0 15 ,008 ,010 ,003 .004

0.7 ,003 ,004 0 15 .008 .OlO ,003 ,004
0.75 ,003 ,004 0 12 ,008 ,010 ,003 .004
k! 0.8 ,003 ,004 0 12 ,008 ,013 0.018 ,003 ,004

1 ,004 ,004 0 8 ,013 ,013 ,018 ,003 .004
1.25 ,004 ,004 0 8 ,013 .013 .018 ,003 ,004
1.5 ,004 ,004 0 8 ,013 ,013 ,018 ,003 ,004

1.75 .004 .004 0 8 .015 ,015 .023 ,003 ,005
2 .005 .005 0 6 ,015 ,015 ,023 ,004 .005
2.5 . IlO5 0 6 ,015 .023 .005

3 . .006 0 6 .015 .023 .005
3.5 .OQ6 0 5 ,018 .028 ,005
4 . . ,008 0 5 ,018 .028 . .005

4.5 ,008 0 4 ,020 .033 ,005
5 ,008 0 4 ,020 ,033 ,005
5.5 . ,008 0 4 ,020 .033 .005

6 . .008 0 4 ,023 ,033 .005
8 . ,008 0 4 ,023 ,038 ,005
___-
NOTES:
Allowable variation in lead between any two threads shall not be farther apart than the length of the standard gage that is shown
Above M300, the tolerance is directly proportional to the tolerance in col. 12, in the ratio of the diameter to 300 mm.
See 5.13.9.
Tolerances apply to designated size of thread. Apply tolerance in accordance with Table 5.
ANSVASME 81 .16M-1984
(a) Thread-Setting Ring for Maximum-Material

Limit and GO Thread Gage
Form of reltef optional
(b) Thread-Setting Ring for Minimum-Material

Limit and HI Thread Gage
FIG. 8 THREAD FORM OF SOLID THREAD-SETTING RING GAGES
27
GO
Made to Class Z tolerance -/

(See Table 8)
FIG. 9 MINOR DIAMETER LIMIT - CYLINDRICAL PLUG GAGES
The design of the GO and NOT GO cylindrical with gaging contacts (segments or rolls) at 120 deg. or
plain plug members has been standardized for 180 deg. Size range for segment type is approximately
various sizes, ranges, and pitches. See ANSIIASME 5 mm to 65 mm in diameter. Above 65 mm, gage
B47.laM. contacts are plain diameter rolls. Another design is
the use of prism fingers for 5 mm size and larger with
4.8.3 Identification. The cylindrical gage shall contacts at 180 deg. See Fig. 10 for details. In each
be marked with the metric nominal size, pitch- design, the gages are set with cylindrical ring gages,
tolerance class, GO or NOT GO, minor diameter in outside micrometers, vernier calipers, or a gap made
millimeters, and MINOR DIAMETER. with gage blocks and jaw accessories. Gage contacts
EXAMPLE: are collapsed into tapped hole and released to contact
M8 X I-6H GO 6.917 MINOR DIAMETER product minor diameter. Dial indicator gages give the
M8 X I-6H NOT GO 7.153 MINOR DIAMETER size of the product between minimum and maximum
tolerance. Snap gages check the minor diameter
4.8.4 Precision Instruments (Table 2 - Gage limits by sensing the resistance at contact after being
13). Precision instruments such as dial calipers, inside set to master.
micrometer calipers, pocket slide calipers, and vern-
ier inside calipers can also be used to measure the
minor diameter of product internal thread. 4.8.6 Identification. After contacts have been
assembled in the snap or indicating gage, the
4.8.5 Snap (Table 2 - Gages 3.3 and 3.5) assembled gage should be marked with the metric
and Indicating Gages (Table 2 - Gages 3.3, nominal size, pitch-tolerance class, and the minor
3.5, and 5.2): Plain Diameter Gages for Check- diameter limits in millimeters.
ing Minor Diameter of Internal Thread. Gages are EXAMPLE:
made to the individual gage manufacturer’s standard M8 X I-6H 6.917-7.153
28
TABLE 8 GAGE TOLERANCES FOR PLAIN CYLINDRICAL GAGES
SizeRange, mm Tolerances, mm (Note 1)
Above To and Including xx X Y Z(Note 2) zz
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 21 0.0005 0.0010 0.0018 0.003 0.005

21 38 0.0008 0.0015 0.0023 0.003 0.006
38 64 0.0010 0.0020 0.0030 0.004 0.008
64 115 0.0013 0.0025 0.0038 0.005 0.010
115 165 0.0017 0.0033 0.0048 0.006 0.013
165 230 0.0020 0.0041 0.8961 0.008 0.016
230 300 0.0025 0.0051 0.0876 0.010 0.020
NOTES:
(1) Tolerances apply to actual diameter of plug or ring. Apply tolerances in accordance with Table
4. Symbols XX, X, Y, Z, and ZZ are standard plain cylindrical gage tolerance classes.
(2) Used as tolerance on plain cylindrical plug and ring gages to check minor diameter for internal
threads and outside diameter for external threads. Also used for masters for setting indicating
thread gages where design permits.
4.9 Snap (Table 2 - Gage 3.4) and Indicating assembled gage should be marked with the metric
(Table 2 - Gage 5.1) Gages to Check nominal size, pitch-tolerance class, GO, NOT GO,
Major Diameter of Internal Thread major diameter limits in millimeters, and MAJOR
DIAMETER INTERNAL.
4.9.1 Purpose and Use. The minimum major
EXAMPLE:
diameter limit the product internal thread is
of
M8 X I-6H GO 8.000 NOT GO (Customer’s Specifications)
considered acceptable when the product thread MAJOR DIAMETER INTERNAL
accepts GO gages. If further gaging is required, 4.9.2
describes the types of gages used to check the
maximum- and minimum-material limits of the
major diameter.
4.10 Functional Indicating Thread Gages for
Internal Thread (Table 2 - Gages 4.1
4.9.2 Snap and Indicating Major Diameter
and 4.3)
Gages. Gages are made to manufacturer’s standard
with 55 deg. maximum gage contacts at 180 deg. in 4.10.1 Purpose and Use. The GO indicating
the form of relieved thread contacts. See Fig. 11, thread gage (4.1 and 4.3) inspects the maximum-
sketch (a) for segment type. Size ranges from material GO functional limit and size, A, and Al, and
approximately 5 mm to 65 mm. Above 65 mm, gage the HI functional diameter limit and size, B, and B,,
contacts are thread relieved rolls at 120 deg. See Fig. of product internal thread. By the use of segments,
11, sketch (b). Another design is the use of conical rolls, or fingers, the gage is also used to check
contact on one finger and two “best size” thread balls roundness of pitch cylinder. Some types of indicating
on other contact as shown in Fig. 11, sketch (c). In gages are set by using thread-setting ring gages. See
each design, the indicating gages are set with cylindri- 4.7. Other types may be set with plain ring gages or
cal ring gages, outside micrometers, vernier calipers, with gage blocks and jaws. Readings indicate the
or gap made with gage blocks and jaw accessories. position of product thread within the tolerance range.
Gage contacts are collapsed into tapped hole and
released to contact product major diameter. Dial 4.10.2 Basic Design. Indicating gages have
indicator gages give the size of the product between three contacts at 120 deg. or two contacts at 180 deg.
minimum and maximum tolerances. Snap gage Gages are made with segments, rolls, or fingers with
checks the major diameter limit by sensing the the length of the functional GO gaging elements
resistance at contact after being set to master. equal to the length of the standard GO thread plug
gage. Internal product threads less than 5 mm in
4.9.3 Identification. After contacts have been diameter are not practical to check with indicating
assembled in the snap or indicating gage, the gages.
29
, I
Segments
(a) Three or Two Point Contact
Rolls
lb) Three or Two Point Contact
+
:i&
.C_E
I Prism fingers
(cl
FIG. 10 INDICATING PLAIN DIAMETER GAGES -

MAX.-MIN. MINOR DIAMETER LIMIT AND SIZE
30
-
m
z
Three threads
E
.z
0 Segments
b
Z
‘
2 I
-1 -\L J,’
I-’ t
1 /
4
Prism fingers
\
\
FIG. 11 SNAP AND INDICATING DIAMETER GAGES -

MAX.-MIN. MAJOR DIAMETER LIMIT AND SIZE
31
\
I
32
iiliii
STANDARD
\ i--t----/
I
I
AN AMERICAN NATIONAL
-‘t--
Bl.l6M-1984
I
+ttt--t
WI
.‘\\
ANSVASME
TABLE 9 CONSTANTS FOR COMPUTING THREAD GAGE DIMENSIONS
Distance
Between HI PD
and O.D. Addendum Dedendum
and LO PD of Ring of Rins Width of Mean
Between Pitch and Minor Thread and Thread and Flat on Width Half Width
Cylinder and Height of Width of Diam. Also T~UllC&C.n Width of Addendum Thread of cd cone Height of of Cone
-&If Height Half Height case Cone Flat on Truncation on 01 Internal Flal on of Plug LO Ring Contact for sharp v- Contact lo
of cone of cone COlll4Ct. GO Plug set Pf(u& Thread, GO ftins, Thread, and HI Internal Thread. Exlcrnrl
COIllXt, Contact. 0.11547H = p/a T 0.23094H 7 H4 = P/4 7 Ml = Pfug. Thread. H/2 Thread.
Pitch, p o.osp 0.067p 0.1p 0.125~ o.zp 0.216506p 0.25~ 0.32476~ 0.3E.p 0.4p 0.433013p 0.6~
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 9 10 11 12 13
mm mm mm mm mm mm nlm
80.2 0.010 0.0174 0020 0.0250 0.040 0.04330 0.0500 0.06495 0.07700 0.08 o.oa460 0.12
'0.25 0.012 00218 0.025 00312 0.050 0.05413 0.0625 o.Oa119 0.09625 0.10 OlOa25 0.15
l 0.3 0.015 00261 0.030 0.0375 0.060 0.06495 00750 009743 0.11550 0.12 0.12990 0.1s
0.35 0.018 00304 0.035 0.0438 0 070 0.07578 00875 0.11367 013475 0.14 015155 0.21
0.4 0020 00348 0.040 00500 0 080 0.08660 Olcol 0.12990 015400 016 0.17321 0 24
z 0.45 0022 0.0392 0045 0.0562 0.090 0.09743 01125 014614 017325 016 019486 0.27
0.5 0.025 0.0435 0.050 0.0625 0100 0.10825 01250 016238 019250 02 021651 0.3
0.6 0.030 00522 0.060 0.0750 0.120 012990 01500 019486 023100 0 24 0 25981 0 36
0.7 0.035 0.0609 0.070 o.Oa75 0.140 0.15155 0.1750 022733 0 26950 0 28 0.30311 042
0.75 0.038 0.0652 0.075 0.0938 0.150 0.16238 01875 0 24357 0.28875 0.3 032476 045
0.8 0.040 0.06% 0.080 OlOlnl 0.160 017320 02m 0.25981 0.3Oaoo 0.32 0.34641 0.48
0.050 0.0870 0.100 0.1250 0.2cm 0.21651 0.2500 0.32476 0.38500 0.4 0.43301 0.6
1.25 0.062 O.lOan 0125 0.1562 0.250 027063 0.3125 0.40595 048125 0.5 0.54127 0.75
15 0.075 0.1305 0.150 0.1875 0300 0.32476 0.3750 0.48714 057750 0.6 064952 0.9
1.75 0.088 0.1522 0.175 0.2188 0350 0.37889 0.4375 0.56833 0.67375 0.7 075777 1.05
0.100 0.1740 0.200 0.2500 0.400 0.43301 05ooO 0.64952 0.77m 0.8 086603 1.2
2.5 0.125 0.2175 0.250 0.3125 0.500 0.54127 0.6250 0.81190 0.96250 1.0 1.08253 1.5
3 0.150 0.2610 0.3cHl 0.3750 0.600 064952 0.7500 097428 1.15500 1.2 1.29904 1.8
3.5 0.175 0.3045 0.350 0.4375 0.700 075777 08750 1.13666 1.34750 1.4 1.51554 2.1
4 0.200 0.3480 04Oa 0.5ocQ 0.800 0.86603 loo00 1.29904 154000 1.6 1.73205 2.4
4.5 0 225 0.3915 0.450 0.5625 0900 0.97428 1.1250 1.46142 1.73250 la 1.94856 2.7
5 0.250 0.4350 0.500 0.6250 1.000 1.08253 1.2500 1.62380 1.925lm 2.0 216506 3.0
5.5 0.275 0.4785 0.550 0.6a75 l.lOil 1.19078 1.3750 1.78618 2.11750 2.2 2.38157 3.3
6 OMO 0.5220 0.600 0.7500 1.200 1.29904 15000 194856 2.31000 2.4 2.59808 3.6
a 0.4CKl 0.6Y60 0.aOO l.woO 1.600 1.73205 2OOm 259808 3.oaOOO 3.2 3.46410 4.8
*Nonstandard pitches
4.10.3 Thread Form.The specifications for the use of interchangeable segments, rolls, or balls,
thread form on GO functional segments, rolls, or the gage is also used to check roundness and taper of
fingers are summarized in Table 4 and Fig. 12. pitch cylinder. Some types of indicating gages are set
by using a thread-setting ring gage. See 4.7. Readings
4.10.4 Thread Crests. The major diameter of indicate the position of product thread within the
the GO segments, rolls, or fingers is equivalent to a tolerance range. Other types may be set with gage
p/8 flat with a plus gage tolerance. The thread crests blocks and jaws, plain ring gages, or measuring
shall be flat in an axial plane and parallel to the axis machine.
of the segment, roll, or finger.
4.11.2 Basic Design. Indicating gages have
4.10.5 Pitch Cylinder. The pitch cylinder of the three contacts at 120 deg. or two contacts at 180 deg.
segments, rolls, or fingers shall be round and straight Gages are made with segments, rolls, or ball design
within the gage pitch diameter limits specified in with cone and vee configuration (pitch diameter type)
Table 6. or ball only (thread groove diameter type). It is
impractical to attempt checking internal product
4.10.6 Lead and Half-Angle Variations. Lead threads smaller than 5 mm with indicating gages.
and half-angle variations on thread of segments,
rolls, and fingers shall be within the limits specified. 4.11.3 Thread Form. The specifications for cone
See Table 6. and vee segments are shown in Fig. 13; the ball design
and thread groove diameter type are shown in Fig.
14.
4.10.7 Thread Roots
4.10.7.1 The minor diameter of the GO 4.11.4 The major diameter of the cone and vee
threaded segments, rolls, or fingers shall be cleared segments or rolls is made to manufacturer’s standard.
beyond a p/ 8 width of flat either by extension of the See Figs. 13 and 14.
sides of the thread toward a sharp vee or by an
undercut no greater than p/8 maximum width and 4.11.5 Identification. The gaging elements, seg-
approximately central. ments, rolls, or ball fingers should be marked with
metric nominal size and pitch. When gage is asssem-
4.10.8 Runout. The pitch and major cylinders of bled with proper gaging contacts, the indicating gage
the threaded portion of the GO segments or rolls should be marked with the metric nominal size, pitch-
shall not exceed the runout as determined by mea- tolerance class, PD, and pitch diameter in milli-
surements of runout (full-indicator movement) on meters.
each gaging member, with respect to pitch cylinder.
EXAMPLE:
Runout shall not exceed one-half X gage major di- M8 X I-6H PD7.500
ameter tolerance. See Table 6.
4.12 Indicating Runout Thread Gage for
4.10.9 Identification. The gaging elements, seg- Internal Thread (Table 2 - Gage 4.7)
ments, rolls, or fingers shall be identified by the
metric nominal size and pitch. When indicating gage 4.12.1 Purpose and Use. This indicating gage
is assembled with proper contacts, the gage should be inspects the runout of the minor diameter to the pitch
marked with the metric nominal size, pitch-tolerance diameter M, of the product internal thread. Readings
class, PD, and pitch diameter limits in millimeters. indicate the position of product minor diameter to
the pitch diameter within the tolerance specified.
EXAMPLE:
M8 X I-6H PD7.350-7.500
4.12.2 Basic Design. Indicating gages have
three contacts, one plain and two threaded, at 120
4.11 Minimum-Material Indicating Thread
deg.; or two contacts, one plain and one threaded, at
Gages for Internal Thread
180 deg. See Fig. 15, sketch (a). The range of
(Table 2 - Gages 4.5 and 4.6)
segments is 5 mm and larger; the range of rolls is 75
4.11 .I Purpose and Use. The indicating thread mm and larger.
gage inspects the minimum-material limit and size (C, The ball-type indicating gage has two balls on one
and C,, D, and DZ) of product internal threads. By contact engaging two threads, and one contact has a
34
Copyrighted material licensed to Stanford University by Thomson Scientific (www.techstreet.com), downloaded on Oct-05-2010 by Stanford University User. No further reproduction or distribution is permitted. Uncontrolled when printe
Form of relief
optional
Contact above
72
.c L Gaging elements
Gaging elements7
oltch line
:!
7
Alternate Designs
GENERAL NOTE:
Contacts in other positions near
the pitch cylmder are also used.
I
segments
Two or Three Contacts
(Total segment contact to be
25% or more of circumference)
ROIIS
TWO or Three
Contacts
FIG. 13 INDICATING THREAD GAGES - MINIMUM-MATERlAL PITCH DIAMETER LIMIT AND SIZE - CONE
36
STANDARD
ANSVASME 61 .16M-1964
Copyrighted material licensed to Stanford University by Thomson Scientific (www.techstreet.com), downloaded on Oct-05-2010 by Stanford University User. No further reproduction or distribution is permitted. Uncontrolled whe
NATIONAL STANDARD
81.16M-1984
- GAGES
ANSVASME
RUNOUT -
THREAD
TO PITCH
AN AMERICAN
Prism fingers
(b)
INDICATING
DIAMETER
MINOR
15
m
E
.z
--
FIG.
37
E
$
ANSVASME 61 .16M-1984 GAGES AND GAGING FOR
AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD METRK M SCREW THREADS
plain prism shaped finger 180 deg. apart from the ball essentially zero variation in all other thread elements,
contact. See Fig. 15, sketch (b): the range is 15 mm while the other size, GO functional size, is the size of
and larger. the thread with the effects of all variations in all other
The indicating gage is set by a GO setting ring gage thread elements added to the pitch diameter. The
(see Fig. 8) with plain gaging contact on minor numerical difference between these two sizes is called
diameter of thread ring gage and the thread contact a cumulative thread element variation differential
on pitch diameter of ring thread gage. and represents the diametral effect of the total
amount of thread element variations.
4.12.3 Thread Form. The specifications for The inspection process that further refines the total
thread form on vee segments or rolls are summarized amount of thread element variation so that the
in Fig. 15. Plain contacts have line bearing on minor amount of variation for each individual element
diameter of product. Balls are “best size” thread ball becomes known is called single thread element
contacting thread at pitch line. variation differential.
4.13.2 Cumulative Thread Element Variation

4.12.4 Thread The thread crests shall be
Crests.
indicating gages have either three
Differential.
flat in an axial plane and parallel to axis of segment contacts at 120 deg. spacing or two contacts at 180
or roll. deg. spacing. The indicating gages with segments or
rolls as shown in Figs. 12 and 16, sketch (a) give the
4.12.5 Lead and Half-Angle Variations. Lead functional size indicating reading, Z. The indicating
and half-angle variations on threaded segments or gages with cone and vee segments or rolls with one
rolls shall be within the limits specified. See Table 6. thread pitch engagement at pitch diameter line, Fig.
13, and thread groove diameter type, Fig. 14, sketch
4.12.6 Identification. The gaging elements, seg- (a) or (b), or both, shown in Fig. 16, sketches (c) and
ments, rolls, or ball finger should be marked with the (d), give the pitch diameter size indicating reading, X.
nominal size and pitch. When gage is assembled with The difference in the indicator readings, X - Z,
proper gaging contacts, the indicating gage should be between the two types of gages gives the cumulative
marked with the metric nominal size, pitch-tolerance form differential reading which corresponds to the
class, and RUNOUT. pitch diameter equivalent, AD,c, for the combination
EXAMPLE: of lead, helix, flank angle, roundness, and taper
M8 X l-6H RUNOUT
variations on the product thread. See Fig. 16.
4.13.3 Single Thread Element Variation

4.13 Differential Gaging (Table 2 - Gage Differential
4.8) 4.13.3.1 Lead (Helix) Differential Reading.
The indicating gage reading, Y, using the full-form
4.13.1 The concept of differential gaging for
thread segments or rolls with one thread pitch
product internal screw threads makes use of funda-
engagement, similar to Figs. 12 and 16, sketch (b), is
mental geometric theorems that relate directly to size,
compared to the reading, Z, using the functional size
position, and form.
gage shown in Figs. 12 and 16, sketch (a). The
For differential gaging, two methods are used for
difference between the measured values, Y - Z, is the
measuring screw thread size:
lead differential reading which corresponds to the
(a) GO functional size
pitch diameter equivalent, ADJ, for the lead and
(6) pitch diameter (or thread groove diameter)
helix variation of the product thread.
Only when a screw thread has perfect position and
form [i.e., zero variation in lead (including helical 4.13.3.2 Flank Angle Differential Reading.
path), flank angle, taper, and roundness] are these ‘The indicating gage reading, X, using segments or
two measurements equal. Differential gaging is a rolls with cone and vee design, Figs. I3 and 16, sketch
variables method of in-process inspection, final (c), is compared to the reading, Y, using the full-form
conformance inspection, or both, that provides the thread segments or rolls, similar to Figs. 12 and 16,
actual numerical values for both GO functional and sketch (b). Both designs have one thread pitch
pitch diameter sizes. These are the two extreme sizes engagement. The difference between the measured
of any product screw thread. One of the sizes, pitch values, X - YI is the flank angle differential reading
diameter, is the size of the thread pitch diameter with which corresponds approximately to the pitch diame-
38
Functional diameter
Indicator reading
GO functional sue
Two or Three
Pitch dwneter
Y
to
also used for lead and
Fig. 12
angle analysis P//////////////////a
I Two or Three
Plfch diameter
lrTrs,
AD 2c =X-2 = cumulative form

differential analysis
AD2h= Y-Z = individual element

analysis for lead variation
AD 2a = X-Y = individual element

analysts for angle variation
FIG. 16 INDICATING THREAD GAGES - DIFFERENTIAL GAGING
39
Cone and vee

ter equivalent, A&, for the combined flank angle
HI profile
variation on the product thread.
or PD contact
4.13.3.3 Roundness and Taper Differential T (see Fig. 3 or 13)
Readings. By the use of full-form thread segments L

or rolls with one thread pitch engagement, similar to
Figs. 12 and 16, sketch (b), cone and vee segments or
rolls, Figs. 13 and 16, sketch (c), or thread groove
diameter type, Figs. 14, sketch (a) or (b), and 16,
sketch (d), the roundness and taper of pitch cylinder
/
7
is/checked. Rotate the product between contacts at
different axial locations on thread for maximum
difference in roundness and taper readings. Two
contacts spaced 180 deg. apart give even lbbing out-
of-round measurement. Three contacts spaced 120
deg. apart give odd lobing out-of-round measure-
ments.
lnslde MIcrometer
4.13.4 Thread Form. The functional segments or Caliper Type
rolls, Fig. 16, sketch (a), are described in 4.10. The (Ref. Table 2 -Bl, B2, Cl, C2,
full-form one thread vee segment or roll, Figs. 12 and El, E2,G1,G2)
16, sketch (b) upper contact, has a depth of thread

equivalent to the functional type, but relieved on the FIG. 17 INSIDE MICROMETER,
outside thread flanks. The full-form cone segment or CALIPER TYPE
roll, Figs. 12 and 16, sketch (b) lower contact, has a
p/8 flat on outside diameter. The cone and vee inspects the pitch diameter of the internal thread. It is
segments or rolls, Fig. 16, sketch (c), are described shown in Fig. 14, sketch (a). Special fixturing and
and shown in Fig. 13. Thread groove diameter type, ball probes may be required when using a three-axis
Fig. 16, sketch (d), is described and shown in Fig. 14. coordinate measuring machine for internal measure-
ment of pitch diameter. See Appendices B9 and BlO
4.13.5 Identification. The gaging elements, seg- for more information on thread-measuring balls.
ments, or rolls should be marked by metric nominal
size and pitch. Indicating gages, assembled with
4.16 Optical Comparator and Toolmaker’s
proper contacts, should be marked with metric nomi-
Microscope (Table 2 - Gage 9)
nal size, pitch-tolerance class, and the type of differ-
ential reading specified above. 4.16.1 Purpose and Use. The optical compara-
EXAMPLE: tor magnifies and projects the thread profile on a
M8 X I-6H Flank Angle Differential Variation screen. Internal threads are checked using cast
replicas. For best profile image, the threaded item is
positioned so that the light is aligned with the thread
4.14 Pitch Micrometers (Table 2 - Gages 6
lead angle. Since the thread profile is defined in a
and 7)
plane containing the axis, a correction factor must be
4.14.1 Purpose and Use. Inside micrometers, added to the measured flank angle observed normal
caliper type, are direct reading measuring instru- to the lead angle. For most standard single lead
ments. Cone and vee contact points are modified for threads, the correction factor is less than 0 deg., 5
a HI profile or pitch diameter contact only. See Fig. min. See A2.6.1.
17. Optical comparators are generally fitted with
lenses providing various magnifications between 10X
and 100X. Profile dimensions are checked using
4.15 Thread-Measuring Balls
appropriate linear and angular scales on the machine
(Table 2 - Gage 8)
and by application of thread profile, radius, and
4.15.1 Purpose and Use. One indicating gage other overlay charts. Flank angles, thread crest and
using thread-measuring balls as gaging elements root flats, root radius, other groove and ridge di-
40
mensions, and axial plane pitch and lead may be stylus displacement, a filtering system for isolating
checked. Major, minor, and pitch diameters are iden- lobing from surface irregularities, various means for
tified, then measured using table traverse readouts. centering the amplified stylus trace on the polar
chart, and a selection of rotating speeds. For details
4.16.2 The toolmaker’s microscope is similar in on measuring and for other methods for checking
function to the optical comparator but does not roundness, see ANSI B89.3.1, Measurement of Out-
include screen projection or overlay charts. Magnifi- of-Roundness.
cations are generally lower than those of optical
comparators. Profile reticules are used in place of
4.20 Miscellaneous Gages and Gaging
charts.
Equipment
4.20.1 The description of internal gages in 4.1

4.17 Profile Tracing Instrument
through 4.19 is definitely not a complete catalog of
(Table 2 - Gage 10)
the various types available for inspection purposes.
4.17.1 Purpose and Use. The instrument The gages not described above may be used provided
inspects thread contour to an accuracy of 0.005 mm they adhere to the standard thread practice noted in
for 25 mm of horizontal and 2.5 mm of vertical travel this Standard (i.e., truncation, form of thread,
at 100X magnification. tolerance, etc.) and have producer and consumer
The tracing on the chart paper may be analyzed for agreement.
elements of the thread profile, including depth, crest
width, lead, angle, and radius at root of thread.
The instrument is generally able to check internal
threads of 4.5 mm and larger at magnifications from
5x to 100x. 5 TYPES OF GAGES FOR PRODUCT
EXTERNAL THREAD
4.18 Surface Roughness Equipment 5.1 GO Working Thread Ring Gages
(Table 2 - Gage 14) (Table 1 - Gage 1 .l )
4.18.1 Purpose and Use. Measurement of 5.1 .l Purpose and Use. The GO thread ring
surface roughness on screw thread flanks is usually gage inspects the maximum-material GO functional
made with an instrument which traverses a radiused limit, A,, of product external thread. The GO thread
stylus across the iay. The stylus displacement due to ring gage when properly set to its respective cali-
the surface irregularities is electronically amplified brated thread-setting plug represents the maximum-
and the meter reading displays the arithmetical material GO functional limit of the product external
average roughness height in micrometers (see ANSI thread, and its purpose is to assure interchangeable
B46.1, Surface Texture: Surface Roughness, Wavi- assembly of maximum-material mating parts.
ness, and Lay). Some instruments produce a chart of Adjustable GO thread ring gages must be set to the
the traced path which shows the peak-to-valley applicable W (see Table 5, Note 2) tolerance-setting
heights of the surface irregularities. Special fixturing plugs. The product thread must freely enter the GO
is required to position and guide stylus over thread thread ring gage for the entire length of the threaded
surface. portion. The GO thread ring gage is a cumulative
check of all thread elements except the major di-
ameter.
4.19 Roundness Equipment
(Table 2 - Gage 15)
5.1.2 Basic Design. The maximum-material
4.19.1 Purpose and Use. There are two types of limit or GO thread ring gage is made to the pre-
precision roundness measuring instruments: preci- scribed maximum-material limit of the product
sion rotary tables and precision spindles. A special thread, and the gaging length is equal to the thickness
stylus coupled to an electric unit records the out-of- of the thread ring gage.
roundness on a circular chart as it traces around the
internal cylindrical surface of the workpiece. The 5.1.3 Gage Blanks. For practical and economic
instrument provides a series of magnifications for reasons, the designs and thicknesses of thread ring
41
AN AMERlCAN NATIONAL STANDARD METRIC M SCREW THREADS
FIG. 18 MAXIMUM-MATERIAL GO FUNCTIONAL LIMIT
gages have been standardized for various size ranges of flat less than P/4. which may encroach on the
and pitches (see ANSI/ASME B47.laM or Table maximum permissible limit for the root profile of the
C2). product external thread. The permissible minimum
effective minor diameter as determined by measure-
5.1.4 Thread Form. The specifications for thread ments of runout (full-indicator movement) with re-
form are summarized in Table 4 and Fig. 18. spect to the pitch cylinder shall not be less than the
specified minimum minor diameter minus the sum of
5.1.5 Thread Crests. The minor diameter of the the gage tolerances for the pitch and minor diameters.
GO thread ring gage shall be equal to the maximum
5.1.8 Pitch Cylinder. Pitch cylinder is trans-
pitch diameter of the product external thread minus
ferred by the setting of the thread ring gage to the
H/2 with a minus gage tolerance. This corresponds to
applicable truncated setting plug gage.
a width of flat of P/4. The thread crests shall be flat
in an axial section and parallel to the axis. 5.1.9 Lead and Half-Angle Variations. Lead
and half-angle variations shall be within the limits
5.1.6 Thread Roots. The major diameter of the specified in Table 6. Misalignment of the threads on
GO thread ring gage shall be cleared beyond P/8 each side of the adjustable slot may not exceed the
width of flat by either an extension of the flanks toward lead limits.
a sharp vee or by a clearance cut of substantially Pi 8
5.1.10 Incomplete Thread. The feather edge at
width and approximately central. The root clearance
both ends of the thread ring gage shall be removed. On
must be such that the maximum major diameter of the
gages larger than M I2 or with a pitch coarser than 1.25
full-form section of the truncated thread-setting plug
mm, remove not more than one pitch of the partially
gage is cleared after the gage has been properly set
formed thread at each end to obtain a full-thread blunt
to size.
start. On gages M I2 and smaller or with a pitch of 1.25
5.1.7 Runout of Pitch and Minor Cylinders. mm or finer, the end threads may have a 60 deg.
On thread ring gages, an eccentric condition results in chamfer from the axis of the gage to a depth of half to
an undersize effective minor diameter, having a width one pitch. This is acceptable in lieu of the blunt Start.
42
ANSVASME Bl.l6M-1984
85
q3i!d
laiawo!p
METRtC M SCREW THREADS
t-
86
STANDARD
ANSVASME Bl.lBM-1984
Rolls-gaging contacts with

radius one-half “best size”
ihread wire diameter
7
Two ribs
on bottom
roll
One rib on
each roll
one-third pitch
apart
Rolls
Two or Three
Contacts
FIG. 28 INDICATING THREAD GAGES - MINIMUM-MATERIAL THREAD &?OOVE

DIAMETER LIMIT AND SIZE
87
5.11 Indicating Runout Gage for External method of in-process inspection, final conformance
Threads (Table 1 - Gage 4.7) inspection, or both, that provides the actual numerical
values for both GO functional and pitch diameter sizes.
5.11 .l Purpose and Use. This indicating gage
These are the two extreme sizes of any product screw
inspects the runout of the major diameter to the pitch
thread. One of the sizes, pitch diameter, is the size of
diameter, MI, of the product external thread. Read-
the thread pitch diameter with essentially zero varia-
ings indicate the position of product major diameter to
tion in all other thread elements, while the other size,
the pitch diameter within the tolerance specified.
GO functional size, is the size of the thread with the
5.11.2 Basic Design. Indicating gageshave three effects of all variations in all other thread elements
contacts, one plain and two threaded, at 120 deg., or added to the pitch diameter. The numerical difference
two contacts, one plain and one threaded, at 180 deg. between these two sizes is called a cumulative thread
The threaded segments or roll contacts are minimum- element variation differential and represents the diam-
material pitch diameter type. See Fig. 27. The lengths etral effect of the total amount of thread element
of the plain and threaded contacts are designed equal variation differential.
to the length of the standard GO ring gage. See The inspection process that further refines the total
ANSI/ASME B47.laM and Table C2. The indicating amount of thread element variation so that the amount
gage is set to a basic full-form thread-setting plug gage of variation for each individual element becomes
with plain gaging contact on outside diameter of known is called a single thread element variation
thread-setting plug gage and thread contact on pitch differential.
diameter of thread-setting plug gage.
5.12.2 Cumulative Thread Element Variation
5.11.3 Thread Form, Thread Crests, and Lead Differential. Indicating gages have either three con-
and Half-Angle Variations. The specifications for tacts at 120 deg. spacing or two contacts at 180 deg.
thread form, thread crests, and lead and half-angle of spacing. The’indicating gages with segments or rolls as
thread segments and thread rolls are noted in 5.9. Plain shown in Figs. 26 and 30. sketch (a), give the functional
contacts have a line bearing on major diameter of size indicating reading, Z. The indicating gage with
product. See Fig. 29. cone and vee segments or rolls with one thread pitch
5.11.4 Identification. The gaging elements, seg- engagement at pitch diameter line, Fig. 27, and thread
ments, or rollsshould be marked with metric nominal groove diameter type, Fig. 28, or both, shown in Fig.
size and pitch. When indicating gage is assembled with 30, sketches (c) and (d), give the pitch diameter size
proper gaging contacts, the indicating gage should be indicating reading, X. The difference in the indicator
marked with the metric nominal size, pitch-tolerance readings, Z-X, between the two types of gages gives
class, and RUNOUT. the cumulative form differential reading which cor-
responds to the pitch diameter equivalent, AdzC, for
EXAMPLE:
M8XI-6gRUNOUJ the combination of lead, helix, flank angle, roundness,
and taper variations on the product thread. See Fig. 30.
5.12.3 Single Thread Element Variation

Differential
5.12 Differential Gaging 5.12.3.1 Lead (Helix) Differential Reading.
(Table 1 - Gage 4.8) The indicating gage reading, Y, using the full-form
thread segments or rolls with one thread pitch engage-
5.12.1 The concept of differential gaging for
ment, similar to Figs. 26and 30, sketch (b), is compared
product external threads makes use of fundamental
to the reading Z, using the functional size gage shown
geometric theorems that relate directly to size, posi-
in Figs. 26 and 30, sketch (a). The difference between
tion, and form.
the measured values, Z - Y, is the lead differential
For differential gaging, two methods are used for
reading which corresponds to the pitch diameter
measuring screw thread size:
equivalent, Ad&, for the lead and helix variation on
(a) GO functional size
the product thread.
(b) pitch diameter (or thread groove diameter)
Only when a screw thread has perfect position and 5.12.3.2 Flank Angle Differential Reading.
form [i.e., zero variation in lead (including helical The indicating gage reading, X, using segments or rolls
path), flank angle, taper, and roundnesslare these two with cone and vee design, Figs. 27 and 30, sketch (c), is
measurements equal. Differential gaging is a variables compared to the reading, Y, using the full-form thread
88
Bl.l6M-1984
TO PITCH
ANSVASME
MAJOR
-
RUNOUT
DIAMETER
Two or Three
Contacts
89
ROIIS
-
GAGES
Two or Three
Segments
Contacts
THREAD
INDICATING
FIG. 29
Functional diameter
t
Indicator reading
GO functional size
2
also used for
Two of three lead analysis
Pitch diameter
T--
Indicator
Y
reading
also used for lead and

angle analysis
Two or Three
l-
Pitch diameter
Ad2c = 2.X = cumulative form

differential analysis
Adz)i= Z-Y = individual element

analysis for lead variation
- Y-X = individual element

Ad2a -
analysis for angle variation
P. D. Cone contact P. D. Rad. Contact
fcl (d)
FIG. 30 INDICATING THREAD GAGES - DIFFERENTIAL GAGING

segments or rolls, simtlar to Figs. 26 and 30, sketch (b). plug gages are made to the minimum-material limit of
Both designs have one thread pitch engagement. The the thread specification.
difference between the measured values, Y - X, is the
flank angle differential reading which corresponds 5.13.2 Basic Design. Thread-setting plug gages
approximately to the pitch diameter equivalent, AdZa, are of two standard designs which are designated as
for the combined flank angle variation on product full-form and truncated setting plugs. The full-form
thread. GOsettingplugisone havinga widthofflatat thecrest
equal to P/8. The truncated GO setting plug is the
5.12.3.3 Roundness and Taper Differential same as the full-form setting plug except that it is
Readings. By the use of full-form thread segments or longer and the crest of the thread is truncated a
rolls with one thread pitch engagement, similar to Figs. greater amount for one-half the length of the gage
26 and 30, sketch (b). cone and vee segments or rolls. giving a full-form portion and a truncated portion. See
Figs. 27 and 30, sketch (c). or thread groove diameter Figs. 31 and 32 and Tables 5, 7, 11, and 13.
type, Figs. 28 and 30. sketch (d). the roundness and
taper of pitch cylinder is checked. Rotate the product 5.13.3 Gage Blanks. For practical and economic
between contacts at different axial locations on thread reasons, the lengths of setting plug gages have been
for maximum differences in roundness and taper standardized for various size ranges and pitches (see
readings. Two contacts spaced 180 deg. apart give even ANSI/ASME B47.laM or Table C2). The length of
lobing out-of-round measurement. Three contacts the full form and the length of the truncated sections
spaced 120 deg. apart give odd lobing out-of-round are each at least equal in length to the thickness of the
measurements. corresponding thread ring gage.
5.12.4 Thread Form. The functional segments 5.13.4 Thread Form. Thespecificationsfor thread
or rolls. Fig. 30. sketch (a). are described in 5.9. The form of setting plug gages are stated in detail below
full-form, one thread vee segment or roll, Figs. 26 and and are summarized in Table 5 and Figs. 31 and 32.
30, sketch (b) lower contact, has a depth of thread
equivalent to the functional type, but relieved on the 5.13.5 Thread Crests
outside thread flanks. The full-form cone segment or 5.13.5.1 The major diameter of the GO full-
roll, Figs. 26 and 30. sketch (b) upper contact. has a form setting plug and of the full-form portion of the
P/8 flat on outside diameter. The cone and vee seg- truncated GO thread-setting plug is equal to the max-
ments or rolls, Fig. 30. sketch (c), are described and imum major diameter of the product external thread.
shown in Fig. 27. Thread groove diameter type. Fig.
5.13.5.2 The major diameter of the truncated
30. sketch (d). is described and shown in Fig. 28.
portion of the truncated GO thread-setting plug is
5.12.5 Identification. The gaging elements (seg- equal to the maximum pitch diameter of the product
ments or rolls) should be marked by metric nominal external thread plus 0.2~.
size and pitch. lndicatinggages, assembled with proper
5.13.5.3 The major diameter of the LO full-
contacts, should be marked with metric nominal size.
form setting plug and of the full-form portions of the
pitch-tolerance class, and the type of differential read-
truncated LO thread-setting plug is equal to the
ing specified above.
maximum major diameter of the product external
EXAMPLE:
thread (same as GO thread-setting plug). The maxi-
M8 X I-6g Flank Angle Differential Variation
mum major diameter of any gage must correspond to a
truncation that is not lessthan 0.022 mm (equivalent to
a crest width of 0.0254 mm flat). See Table 5.
5.13 W Tolerance Thread-Setting
Plug Gages 5.13.5.4 The major diameter of the truncated
portion of the truncated LO thread-setting plug is
5.13.1 Purpose and Use. Thread-setting plug equal to the minimum pitch diameter of the product
gages are used to set adjustable thread ring gages, external thread plus 0.2~.
check solid thread ring gages. set thread snap limit
gages, and set indicating thread gages. Thread-setting 5.13.6 Thread Roots. The minor diameter of
plug gages are also applied to detect wear on gages and thread-setting plug gages shall be cleared beyond a Pi 8
gaging elements in use. GO thread-setting plug gages width of flat either by an extension of the sides of the
are made to the maximum-material limit of the ex- thread toward a sharp vee or by an undercut no wider
ternal thread specification, while LO thread-setting than P/8.
91
(a) Thread-Setting Plug for Maximum-Material Functional Limit

and Functional Size GO Thread Gages
O.lp
(b) Thread Setting Plug for Minimum-Material Gages

and LO Functional Diameter Gages
FIG. 31 THREAD FORM OF TRUNCATED THREAD-SETTING PLUG GAGES
92
GAGES AND GAGING FOR ANSIIASME Bl.l6M-1984
j.- P-q /O-- P/8 Ref.
(alThread-Setting Plug for Maximum-Material Functional Limit

and Functional Size GO Thread Gages
////////when not moPJ tional

.
(b)Thread-Setting Plug for Minimum-Material Gages

and LO Functional Diameter Geges
FIG. 32 THREAD FORM OF FULL-FORM THREAD-SETTING PLUG GAGES
93
5.13.7 Pitch Diameter Limitation of Taper. 5.14 Plain Check Plug Gages for
The permissible taper shall be back taper (largest di- Thread Ring Gages
ameter at entering end) and shall be confined within
5.14.1 Purpose and Use. GO and NOT GO
the gage pitch diameter limits.
plain check plug gages verify the minor diameter limits
of thread ring gages after the thread rings have been
5.13.8 Incomplete Thread. The feather edge at
properly set with the applicable thread-setting plug
both ends of the threaded section of the setting plug
gages.
shall be removed. On pitches coarser than 0.8 mm not
more than one complete turn of the end threads shall
5.14.2 Basic Design. The direction of the gage
be removed to obtain a full-thread blunt start. See Fig.
tolerances on GO and NOT GO plain plug gages for
2. On pitches 0.8 mm and finer, a 60 deg. chamfer from
GO ring minor diameter and GO and NOT GO plain
the axis of the gage is acceptable in lieu of the blunt
plug gages for NOT GO ring minor diameter is as
start.
follows: GO - tolerance plus; NOT GO - tolerance
minus. Class X tolerance is used on gages up to 5 mm
5.13.9 Lead Variations. In the case of truncated
size, class Y tolerance above 5 mm size (see Table 8).
setting plugs. the lead variations present on the full-
form portion and the truncated portion of an indi-
5.14.3 Gage Blanks. For standardization and
vidual gage shall not differ from each other by more
economic reasons, the gaging members and handles
than 0.003 mm over any portion equivalent to the
have been standardized for various size ranges (see
length of the thread ring gage, or nine pitches. which-
ANSI ! ASME B47.laM).
ever is less. The specified tolerance shall be applicable
to the thread length in the mating ring gage or nine
5.14.4 Identification. The GO and NOT GO
pitches. whichever is smaller. The tolerance on lead
plain check plug gages for the GO thread ring gage
establishes the width of a zone. measured parallel to
should be marked with metric nominal size, pitch-
the axis of the thread, within which the actual helical
tolerance class, GO and NOT GO diameters in milli-
path must lie for the specified length of the thread.
meters, and GO MINOR DIAMETER CHECK
Measurements will be taken from a fixed reference
PLUG. The GO and NOT GO plain check plug gages
point. located at the start of the first full thread. to a
for the LO thread ring gage should be marked with
sufficient number of positions along the entire helix to
metric nominal size, pitch-tolerance class, GO and
detect all types of lead variations. The amounts that
NOT GO diameters in millimeters, and LO MINOR
these positions vary from their basic (theoretical) po-
DIAMETER CHECK PL.IJG.
sitions will be recorded with due respect to sign. The
EXAMPI.ES:
greatest variation in each direction [plus or minus (-t)]
will be selected, and the sum of their values. dis- For GO ring: M8 X I-68 GO 6.878 NOT GO 6.891
GO MINOR DIAMETER CHECK PL.UG
regarding sign, shall not exceed the tolerance limits
For LO ring: M8 X I-6g GO 7.012 NOT GO 7.025
specified in Table 7.
LO MINOR DIAMETER CHECK PLUG
5.13.10 Half-Angle Variations. Variations in

half-angle shall be within the limits specified in Ta-
ble 7.
5.15 Indicating Plain Diameter Gages - Major
5.13.11 Identification. The GO thread-setting Diameter of Product External Threads
plug gage shall be marked with metric nominal size, (Table 1 -Gage 5.1)
pitch-tolerance class, GO, SETTING. PD, and GO 5.15.1 Purpose and Measuring Procedures.
pitch diameter in millimeters. The indicating plain diameter gage inspects the major
EXAMPLE: diameter, Ji and Jz, of the external thread. After the
MB X I-6g GO SETTING PD7.324
plain contacts of the indicating gage are set to a plain
The LO thread-setting plug gage shall be marked diameter setting plug and the dial is read, the gage is
with metric nominal size, pitch-tolerance class, LO, placed on the product thread major diameter for a
SETTING, PD. and LO pitch diameter in millimeters. second reading. The difference in readings is applied to
EXAMPLE: the value of the set master to obtain the major diameter
M8 X I-6g LO SETTING PD7.212 size.
5.15.2 Basic Design. Indicating gages have 5.18 Thread-Measuring Wires

three plain contacts at 120 deg. or two plain contacts at (Table 1 -Gage 8)
180 deg. The dimensions of segments or rolls are to
5.18.1 Purpose and Use. Using a measuring
manufacturer’s standard. See Fig. 33.
machine, product thread can be checked using three
5.15.3 Identification. Indicating gages, assem- measuring wires between product thread and paral-
bled with proper contacts, should be marked with met- lel flat anvils of measuring machine. Wires are “best
ric nominal size, pitch-tolerance class, major diameter size” thread wire contacting at the thread groove di-
limits in millimeters, and MAJOR DIAMETER. ameter, with two wires on one side and one wire I80
EXAMPI E: deg. around. This type of measurement checksthe mini-
M8 x I-6g 7.974-7.794 MAJOR DIAMETER mum-material groove diameter limit and size. By
rotating the product thread between wires. the ISOdeg.
ovality of groove diameter is checked. Measuring at
different locations axially, the taper of the groove di-
5.16 Indicating Gages to Check Minor ameter is checked. It should be recognized that the
Diameter of External Thread measuring force shown for measuring hardened thread
(Table 1 -Gage 5.2) gages with wires may not be appropriate for softer
5.16.1 Purpose and Use. The maximum minor product thread materials due to the possibility of the
diameter limit, KI and Kz, of product external thread wires being forced into the surface of the thread flanks.
is considered acceptable if the product accepts GO This would indicate a smaller thread size than what
thread gages. If further checking is required, the in- actually exists: See Appendix B.
dicating gage with 55 deg. maximum included angle
thread contacts is used to check the minor diameter.
5.16.2 Basic Design. A thread indicating gage

5.19 Optical Comparator and Toolmaker’s
with segments or rolls has a thread form of 55 deg.
Microscope (Table 1 - Gage 9)
maximum. There are usually three threads in segments
and three ribs on rolls. See Fig. 34. 5.19.1 Purpose and Use. The optical compar-
ator magnifies and projects the thread profile on a
5.16.3 Identification. Indicating gages, assem-
screen. For best profile image, the threaded item is
bled with proper rolls or segments. should be marked
positioned so that the light is aligned with the thread
with metric nominal size, pitch-tolerance class, minor
lead angle. Since the thread profile is defined in a plane
diameter limits (customer’s specifications) in milli-
including the axis. a correction factor may be added to
meters, and MINOR DIAMETER EXTERNAL.
the measured flank angle observed normal to the lead
EXAMP1.E: angle. For most standard single lead threads. the
M8 x I-6g (Minor diameter llmlts as specified by customer)
correction factor is less than 0 deg. 5 min. See A2.6. I.
MINOR DIAMETER EXTERNAL.
Optical comparators are generally fitted with lenses
providing various magnifications between I OX and
100X. Profile dimensions are checked using appro-
5.17 Thread Micrometers priate linear and angular scales on the machine and by
(Table 1 - Gages 6, 7, and 14) the application of thread profile. radius, and other
overlay charts. Other groove and ridge dimensions,
5.17.1 Purpose and Use. Thread micrometers
and axial plane pitch and lead may be checked. Major,
with cone and vee anvils are used to inspect the mini-
minor, and pitch diameters are identified. then mea-
mum-material pitch diameter limit and size of external
sured using table traverse readouts.
thread. Micrometer can check 180deg. ovality of pitch
diameter and taper of pitch diameter. Modified vernier
calipers are used similarly.
5.19.2 The toolmaker’s microscope is similar in
5.17.2 Basic Design. The depth of thread on function to the optical comparator but does not in-
cone and vee is either approximately pitch diameter clude screen projection or overlay charts. Magnifica-
contact or the LO limit profile. Measurements are tions are generally lower than those of optical com-
made in 0 mm to 25 mm and 25 mm to 50 mm diameter parators. Some microscopes have thread profile and
ranges. The smallest graduation is 0.01 mm. radius templates which are inserted in the eyepiece.
95
Segments
TWO or Three
Contacts
(a)
Rolls
Two or Three
Contacts
FIG. 33 INDICATING PLAIN DIAMETER GAGE - MAX.-MIN.

MAJOR DIAMETER LIMIT AND SIZE
96
ANSVASME 81.16M-1984
GAGES -MAX.-MIN.
LIMIT AND SIZE
DIAMETER
97
Total segment contact
MINOR DIAMETER
to be mikmum 25%
of circumference
INDICATING
FIG. 34
TABLE 14 CALIBRATION REQUIREMENTS AND STANDARDS FOR X TOLERANCE THREAD GAGES,

INDICATING GAGES, PLAIN GAGES, AND MEASURING EQUIPMENT FOR EXTERNAL
PRODUCT THREADS
Thread Gages and Measuring Calibration Requirements for Gages

Equipment (Note 1) and Measuring Equipment (Notes 2, 3) Setting Gages and Standards (Note 7)
1 Thread rings (ANSI/ASME B47.laM)
1.1 CO ring Pitch (also helical offset at split; W thread-setting plug for GO;
see A3.4), flank angles, minor X tolerance plain plug for minor
diameter, pitch diameter, taper diameter for small thread sizes
of pitch cylinder, straightness,
roundness, clearance at root (Note 6)
1.2 LO ring Pitch (also helical offset at split; W thread-setting plug for LO;
see A3.4), flank angles, minor X tolerance plain plug for
diameter, pitch diameter, taper of minor diameter for small thread sizes
pitch cylinder, straightness,
roundness, clearance at root (Note 6)
2 Thread snap gages
2.1 GO segments Pitch, flank angles, minor diameter, W thread-setting plug for GO
pitch diameter, taper, straightness, (Note 7)
clearance at root (Notes 4-6)
2.2 LO segments Pitch, flank angles, minor diameter W thread-setting plug for LO
pitch diameter, clearance at root (Note 7)
(Notes 4-6)
2.3 GO rolls (zero lead) Pitch, flank angles, width of flat at crest, W thread-setting plug for GO
taper of pitch cylinder on each roll, (Notes 7, 8)
parallelism of axes of rolls, clearance
at root (Notes 4-6)
2.4 LO rolls (zero lead) Pitch, flank angles, width of flat at W thread-setting plug for LO
crest, clearance at root (Notes 4-6) (Notes 7,8)
2.5 Minimum material, Pitch of vee, width of flat at crest, W thread-setting plug for LO
pitch diameter type, height of thread (Notes 4-6) (Notes 7,8)
cone and vee
2.6 Minimum material, Radius of contacts corresponding to W thread-setting plug for LO

thread groove diameter “best size” thread wire size (Notes 7, 8)
type, cone only, “best (Notes 4-6)
size” thread wire
3 Plain diameter gages
3.1 Maximum plain Taper, straightness, roundness, Series of plain plug gages in 0.0025 mm
cylindrical GO ring for diameter steps or direct diameter measure-
major diameter ment with internal measuring
equipment using gage blocks equal
to the maximum major diameter
Plain cylindrical NOT Taper, straightness, roundness, Series of plain plug gages in 0.0025 mm
CO ring for major diameter steps or direct diameter measure-
diameter ment with internal measuring
equipment using gage blocks equal
to the minimum major diameter
98

PRODUCT THREADS (CONT’D)
_
3.2 Major diameter snap Pardllelism. flatness of contacts, Plain Z tolerance plug gage or gage
type distance between contacts blocks with rol! corresponding to
maximum major diameter or
direct measurement
3.3 Minor diameter snap Pitch. diameter, rncluded angle of Plain Z tolerance plug gage or gage
type (55 deg. maximum thread form. clearance form at blocks equal to the maximum minor
included angle) tips of snap contacts diameter or direct measurement
3.4 Maximum and Parallelism, flatness of contacts, Plain Z tolerance plug gage or gage
mrnimum major distance between contacts blocks with roll corresponding to
diameter snap type maximum or minimum major
diameter or direct measurement
3.5 Maximum and Patch. didmeter, 55 deg. maximum Plarn Z tolerance plug gage or gage
minimum minor included angle of thread form. blocks equal to the maximum or
diameter snap type clearance form dt tips of minimum minor diameter or
(55 deg. maximum snap contacts direct measurement
Included angle)
4 lndicdtrng thread gages

ha\ing either two contacts at
180 deg. or three contacts
at 120 deg.
4.1 GO segments Pitch, fldnk angles, minor diameter, W thread-setting plug for GO
pitch diameter, taper. straightness, (Note 7)
clearance at root, minor cylinder
to pitch cylinder relationshrp
of segments for codxidlrty
(Notes 4-6)
4.3 GO rolls (rero lead) Pitch. flank angles, manor diameter, W thread-settrng plug for GO
taper. strdightness. paralfelrsm of (Notes 7.8)
axes of rolls to each other,
clearance of root (Notes 4-6)
4.5 Minimum material, Pitch, width of flat at crest. height W thread-setting plug for GO or
pitch didmeter type. ot thread (Notes 4-6) for basic pitch diameter or for
cone and \ ee LO (Notes 7.8)
4.6 Mrnrmum mdteridl. Radius of contact (Notes 4-6) W thread-setting plug for
thread groove didmeter LO (Notes 7,8)
type, cone only
“best size” thread
wire srre)
4.7 Major diameter dnd Pitch and flank angles of thread None
pitch diameter runout segments, straightness of plain
gage gages, major cylinder to pitch

cylinder, relationship of segments
tor coaxiality (Notes 4-6)


4.8 Differential segments GO profile of one pitch segment or roll Not required: special lead
and rolls requires flank angles checked standards and flank angle
GO full-form segments (see standards wth generated
4.1 above) variation portion and
GO full-form rolls (see 4.3 aboLe) near perfect portion
Minimum-material, pitch diameter
type, cone and Lee (see 4.5
above)
Minimum-material, thread
groove diameter type, cone
only “best size” thread
wire size (see 4.6 above)
5 Indicating plain diameter

gages
5.1 Major diameter type Parallelism and tlatness of contacts Plain Z tolerance plug gage for
(Note 5) GO or basic major diameter or
gage blocks
5.2 Minor diameter type Pitch, dlameter, 55 deg. maximum Plain Z tolerance plug gage for
included angle of thread term, basic minor diameter at radiused root
width of flat on crests
6 Pitch mlcrometer with Pitch, fldnk angles. Maximum error In W thread+etting plug for basic- pitch
standard contacts indicated measurements up to 25 mm diameter, or GO pitch diameter
[approximately LO shall not exceed 0.003 mm for pitches standard or LO (Note 7)
proftle] cone and vee up to 0.6 mm, 0.004 mm for pitches
greater than 0.6 mm and up to 1.75
mm, and 0.005 mm for pitches greater
than 1.75 mm. For measurements
greater than 25 mm, error may be
Increased by 0.001 mm.
7 Pitch micrometer with Pitch. flank angles, wdth of flat at crest. W thread-setting plug for basic pitch
modified contacts height of thread. Maximum error in diameter, or GO, or LO (Note 7)
(approximately pitch indicated measurements up to 25 mm
diameter contact) cone and shall not exceed 0.003 mm for pitches
vee up to 0.6 mm, 0.004 mm for pitches
greater than 0.6 mm and up to 1.75
mm, and 0.005 mm for pitches greater
than 1.75 mm. For measurements
greater than 25 mm, error may be
increased by 0.001 mm.
8 Thread measuring wires (“best Flatness and parallelism of splndle and Calibrated “best size” thread
size” thread wire size) with anvil faces, screw calibrdtion. wire size measuring wires and
suitable measuring means measuring force gage blocks
9 Optical comparator or Micrometer stage, magnification, radius Gage blocks, plug gages. sine bat
toolmaker’s microscope with chart, protractor head (Note 4)
suitable fixturing
100

Thread Gages and Measuring Calibration Requirements for Cages

IO Profile tracing equtpment with Use manufacturer’s instructions to Special angle block supplied with
suitable fixturrng test stylus traverse and instrument
electronic amplification
11 Lead measurrng machine with Traversing system, straightness of ways, Lead standard, gage blocks
surtable fixing stylus radrus
12 Helrcal path attachment used Lead. flank angles, taper, stratghtness, Lead standard
wrth GO type tndicatrng gage clearance at root (Notes 4, 5)
13 Helical path analyzer Use manufacturer’s rnstructrons to test Lead standard

the mechanical and electronic
features
14 Plain micrometer and calipers, Maximum error in Indicated Gage blocks, or calibrated platn
modified as requrred measurements up to 25 mm shall not plug gages
exceed 0.003 mm for pitches up to
0.6 mm, 0.004 mm for patches greater
thdn 0.6 mm and up to 1.75 mm, and
0.005 mm for pitches greater than 1.75
mm. For measurements greater than
25 mm, error may be increased by
0.001 mm.
15 Surface measurtng equtpment Use manufacturer’s instructions for Precisron roughness standard
calibration procedures
16 Roundness equrpment Use manufacturer’s instructrons for Precision glass sphere, roundness
calibration procedures magnificatton standard
NOTES:
(1) See Table 1.
(2) Use applicable X, W, or 2 gage tolerance.
(3) Taper, strarghtness, including bellmouth barrel shapeand hourglass shape, and roundnessshall be within theX, W, orZ tolerance
depending on the element measured. In other words, if these features are measured at pitch cylinder, the tolerance for pitch
diameter applies.
(4) Use manufacturer’s recommended procedures for gage for checkmg the thread features and altgnment of tndtcatmg gage
components
(5) New roils and segments shall be within X tolerance. Worn rolls or segments shall be replaced when a single thread element
wears outside of X tolerance.
(6) Pitch diameter is usually transferred from thread-setting gages.
(7) When the gage is set by adjustment based upon actual measured pitch diameter of the setting master, the master shall meet
all W tolerances except for pitch diameter, which may have a tolerance increased to X.
(8) Pitch diameter size on some adjustable thread snap gages and indicating thread gages may be set from one or more of
the following:
(a) Z tolerance plain cylindrical plug gage
(b) gage blocks
(c) direct measurement
(d) specially designed transfer standards
Rolls must be qualified for setting from their outside diameters.
101

INDICATING GAGES, PLAIN GAGES, AND MEASURING EQUIPMENT FOR INTERNAL
PRODUCT THREADS

Equipment (Note 1) and Measuring Equipment (Notes 2, 3) Setting Gages and Standards
.____ __-
1 Thread plug (ANSI/ASME B47.laM)
1.1 co plug Lead,flankangles,majordiameter,pitch Three “best stze” thread wires,

diameter, taper. straightness, gage blocks
roundness. clearance at root
1.2 HI plug Lead, flank angles, major dtameter, Three “best size” thread wires.
pitch diameter, taper, straightness, gage blocks
roundness. clearance at root
2 Thread snap gages
2.1 GO segments Lead, fldnk angles, major diameter, Soltd W thread-setting ring for GO
pitch diameter. taper, straightness, (ii direct measurement ot pitch
clearance at root (Notes 4, 5) dtameter is not made) (Notes 6.8)
2.2 HI segments Pitch, flank angles, ma)or didmeter. Solid W thread-setting ring for HI
pitch diameter, clearance at root (if direct measurement of pitch
(Notes 4, 5) diameter IS not made) (Notes 6.8)
2.3 GO rolls (zero lead) Pitch, flank angles. width of flat at crest. Soltd W thread-setttng ring for GO
taper of pitch cylinder on each roll, (Notes 6, 8)
straightness. parallelism ot
dssembled rolls, clearance at
root (Notes 4. 5)
2.4 HI rolls (zero lead) Pitch, flank angles, wtdth of flat at crest. Solid W thread-setting ring for HI
clearance at root (Notes 4, 5) (Notes 6, 8)
2.5 Minimum material, Pitch, width of flat at crest, height of Solid W thread-setting ring for HI
pitch diameter type, thread (Notes 4. 5) (Notes 6, 8)
cone and vee
2.6 Minimum material, Radius of contacts (Notes 4. 5) Solid W thread-setting ring for HI
thread groove diameter (Notes 6. 8)
type, cone only (“best
size” thread balls)
3 Plain diameter gages
3.1 Minimum plain Taper, straightness, roundness, Gage blocks

cylindrical plug for didmeter
minor diameter
3.2 Minimum major Pitch, included angle, dtmension ober Plain 2 tolerance ring gage for GO
diameter snap type (55 segments or rolls, width of flat at major diameter or gage blocks
deg. maxtmum included crests (Note 4) between Jaws
angle)
3.3 Minimum minor Taper, straightness or coaxiality of Plain 2 tolerance ring gage for GO
diameter snap type cylindrical segments or rolls, minor diameter or gage blocks
dimension over segments or rolls between jaws
(Note 4)
102
GAGES AND GAGING FOR ANSUASME Bl.l6M-1984


3.4 Maximum and Pitch, included angle, dimension over Plain Z tolerance ring gage for CO
minimum major segments or rolls, width of flat at major diameter; plain Z tolerance
diameter snap type crests (Note 4) ring gage for HI major diameter
(55 deg. maximum or gage blocks between jaws
included angle)
3.5 Maximum and Taper, straiaghtness, coaxiality of Plain Z tolerance rang gage for GO
minimum minor cylindrical segments or rolls, manor diameter; plain Z tolerance
diameter snap type dimension over segments or rolls ring gage for HI minor
(Note 4) diameter or gage blocks
between jaws
4 Indicating thread gages having

either two contacts at
180 deg. or three
contacts at 120 deg.
4.1 CO segments Lead, flank angles, major diameter, Solid W thread-setting ring for CO or
patch diameter, taper, straightness, basic pitch diameter (Notes 6-8)
clearance at root, major cylinder to
pitch cylinder, relationship of
segments for coaxiality
(Notes 4, 5)
4.3 GO rolls (zero lead) Pitch, flank angles, major diameter, Solid W thread-setting ring for GO
taper, straightness, clearance at (Notes 6, 9)
root, parallelism of axes of rolls
to each other (Notes 4,s)
4.5 Minimum material, Pitch, width of flat at crest, height Solid W thread-setting ring for GO or
pitch diameter type, of thread (Notes 4, 5) HI or basic pitch diameter
cone and vee (Notes 6,9)
4.6 Minimum material, Radius of contacts (Notes 4, 5) W thread-setting ring for HI

thread groove type, (Notes 6,9)
cone only
Minimum material, Ball diameter (Notes 4, 5) Plain Z tolerance ring gages whose
thread groove type, diameter is basic pitch diameter
three “best size” plus % the “best size” thread
thread balls, two ball ball size
contact spaced four
pitches
4.7 Minor diameter and Straightness of plain gage segment, None

pitch diameter runout pitch, flank angle, straightness of
gage thread segment, minor cylinder

to pitch cylinder, relationship
of segments for coaxiality
(Notes 4, 5)
103


4.8 Differential segment GO profile of one pitch in length, Not required: special internal lead
or roll segment or roll, requrres flank standard and internal flank angle
angles checked standard with generated errors
GO full-form segment (see 4.1 portion and near perfect portion
above)
GO full-form roll (see 4.3 above)
Minimum material, pitch diameter
type, cone and vee, (see 4.5
a hove)
Minimum material, thread groove
type, cone only, (see 4.6 above)
5 Indicating plain diameter

gages
5.1 Mdjor diameter type Pitch, included angle of flanks, Plain Z tolerance ring gage for basic
(55 deg. maximum width of flat on crests major diameter or GO major
included angle) diameter, gage blocks, direct
measurement
5.2 Minor diameter type Straightness, parallelism of contacts Plain Z tolerance ring gage for basic
(Note 5) minor diameter, gage blocks, direct
measurement
6 Internal pitch micrometer Pitch, flank angles, maximum error in Solid W thread-setting ring gage for
with standard contacts indicated measurement in the basic pitch diameter, measurement
(approximately HI profile) micrometer head shall not exceed o\er wires (Note 6)
cone and vee 0.005 mm
7 Internal pitch micrometer Pitch, flank angles, width of flat at crest, Solid W thread-setting ring gage for
with modified contacts height of thread. Maximum error in basic pitch diameter (Note 6)
(approximately pitch indicated measurement in the
diameter contact) cone micrometer head shall not exceed
and vee 0.005 mm
8 Thread measuring ball with Flatness and parallelism of internal Gage blocks, calibrated “best size”
suitable measuring means anvils, screw calibration, measuring thread balls
force
9 Optical comparator or tool- Micrometer stage, magnification, radius Gage blocks. plug gages, sine bar, stage
maker’s microscope with chart, protractor head (Note 4) micrometer
suitable fixturing and cast
replica
10 Profile tracing equipment Use manufacturer’s instructions to test Special angle block supplied with
with suitable fixturing stylus traverse and electronic instrument
amplification
11 Lead measuring machine with Traversing system, straightness of ways, Lead standard gage blocks
suitable fixturing stylus radius
104


Equipment (Note 1) and Measuring Equipment (Notes 2, 3) Setting Cages and Standards
12 Heltcal path analyzer Use manufacturer’s instructtons to test Lead standard

the mechanical and electronic
features
13 Platn Internal micrometer and Maximum error tn tndicated measure- Gage blocks, or calibrated plain
calipers modrfred as requtred ment in the mrcrometer head shall plug gages
not exceed 0.005 mm
14 Surface measuring equrpment Use manufacturer’s tnstructions for Precision roughness standard
calibration procedures
15 Roundness equrpment Use manufacturer’s Instructions for Precision glass sphere, roundness
caltbration procedures magnification standard
NOTES:
(1) See Table 2.
(4 Use applicable X, W, or Z gage tolerance.
(3) Taper, straightness, including bellmouth barrel shape and hourglass shape, and roundness shall be within the X, W, or Z tolerance
dependrng on the element measured. In other words, if these features are measured at pitch cylinder, the tolerance for pitch
diameter applies.
(4) Use manufacturer’s recommended procedures for gage for checking the thread features and alignment of indicating gage
components.
(5) New rolls and segments shall be wtthtn X tolerance. Worn rolls or segments shall be replaced when a single thread element wears
outside of X tolerance.
(6) Pitch dtameter is usually transferred from thread-setting gage.
(7) When the gage is set by adjustment based on actual measured pitch diameter of the setting master, the master shall meet all
W tolerances except for pitch diameter. which may have a tolerance increased to X.
18) Pitch diameter srze on some types of adjustable gages may be set from Z tolerance plain ring gages or direct measurement. Rolls
must qualify for setting from therr outsrde diameters.
(9) Pitch diameter size may be set by direct measurement over wares on 180 deg. segments, with specially designed transfer standards
or by Z tolerance plain ring gages when rolls are qualified for setttng from their outside diameters.
TABLE 16 CALIBRATION REQUIREMENTS FOR THREAD- AND PLAIN-SETTING GAGES
Setting Gage Calibration Requirements
GO, LO and W thread-setting plug gage, truncated Lead, flank angles, mayor diameter. pitch drameter, taper, strarghtness and
and full form roundnessot mayor and pttchcylrnders,clearanceat root,coaxialrtyof major
cylrnder wrth pitch cylinder
CO. HI and solrd W thread-setting ring gage Lead, flank angles, minor diameter, pitch diameter (Note 1). taper,stratghtness
and roundness of minor and patch cylrnders, clearance at root, coaxialtry of
manor cylinder with patch cylinder
Plain Z tolerance plug and rrng gages Diameter. taper, straightness, and roundness
NOTE:
(1) Pitch drameter of an Internal thread, measured by “best size“ thread ball contacts, will be 0.0025 mm to 0.005 mm larger than the
pitch diameter, gaged indrrectly by a snug-fitting master thread plug gage or locked segments of an indicating gage which have
been measured by “best srze” thread wire method. This difference IS due to the functional size of the master thread plug gage or
locked segments whtch unavoidably have small deviations tn Itao, flank angle, taper, and roundness.
105
5.20 Profile Tracing Instrument

(Table 1- Gage 10)
5.20.1 Purpose and Use. The instrument checks

thread contours to an accuracy of 0.005 mm for 25 mm
of horizontal and 2.5 mm vertical travel at 100X
magnification. The chart paper trace may ne ana-
lyzed for elements of the thread profile, including depth,
crest width. lead angle, and radius at root of thread.
Indicator
GO I
5.21 Electromechanical Lead Tester

(Table 1 -Gage 11)
5.21 .l Purpose and Use. The electromechani-

cal lead tester consists of a precision, direct-reading element
headstock in combination with an axially movable

carriage supporting a sine bar, two work-mounting
centers. electronic thread locating head with a ball
point, and a milliammeter for registering the center
position of the ball probes in the thread groove. Ball
point stylus approximates the “best size” thread wire element
radius. To extend lead measurements beyond 25 mm,
gage blocks in 25 mm steps are used to displace the
screw thread. Lead measurements accurate to 0.0006
mm are read directly from micrometer scales on head-
stock.
FIG. 35 INDICATING GAGES - HELICAL

PATH ATTACHMENT USED WITH GO TYPE
INDICATING GAGE
5.22 Helical Path Attachment Used With
GO Type Thread Indicating Gage
(Table 1 - Gage 12)
5.22.1 Purpose and Use. To observe the pres-

5.23 Helical Path Analyzer
ence of helical path variation with a GO type indicating
(Table 1 - Gage 13)
gage, Fig. 35, the following procedure is used:
(a) a suitable means is used to lock (restrict) axially 5.23.1 Purpose and Use. A helical path ana-
the lower gaging element; lyzer is a self-contained unit consisting of a motor-
(h) the top gaging element is allowed to float freely driven headstock. tailstock. electronic gaging head.
(axially) on its own stud and at least one full pitch away sine bar, follower, pitch blocks, selsyn transmitter for
from the frame; chart recorder, and operator control panel.
(c) the product to be inspected is inserted into the The external workpiece to be measured is mounted
gaging elements so that the conditions described in (a) between centers. The motor-driven headstock rotates
and (b) above are met; the part through three revolutions at one setting. At the
(d) an indicator (usually attached to the compar- same time. this rotary motion is transmitted to the
ator) is positioned so that the indicator contact point chart drive of the recorder. Simultaneously. the driving
locates at the face of the free floating (top) gaging ribbon running off the headstock actuates the sine bar
element; laterally on a ball slide in direct proportion to the
(e) the product is turned one full revolution. The spindle rotation. The sine bar is set previously to the
presence of helical path variation causesthe top gaging proper angle for the particular pitch using the ap-
element to displace itself axially on its own stud. plicable pitch block. The electronic gage head floats
cf) the full-indicator movement is observed. axially on ball slides, the movement being controlled
106
by constant spring pressure of the sine bar follower rotary tables and precision spindles. A special stylus
against the sine bar. coupled to an electric unit records the out-of-round-
The chart gives readings in lead variation and so- ness on a circular chart as it traces around the cylin-
called drunken thread variation. Chart division is drical surface of the workpiece. The instrument pro-
equal to 0.0005 mm per division. vides a series of magnifications for stylus displace-
ment, a filtering system for isolating lobing from sur-
face irregularities, various means for centering the
5.24 Surface Roughness Equipment
amplified stylus trace on the polar chart, and a selec-
(Table 1 - Gage 15)
tion of rotating speeds. For details on measuring and
5.24.1 Purpose and Use. Measurement of sur- for other methods for checking roundness, see ANSI
face roughness on screw thread flanks is usually made B89.3.1, Measurement of Out-of-Roundness.
with an instrument which traverses a radiused stylus
across the lay. The stylus displacement due to the sur-
face irregularities is electronically ampiified and the
meter reading displays the arithmetical average rough-
ness height in micrometers (see ANSI B46. I, Sur-
faceTexture: Surface Roughness, Waviness, and Lay).
5.26 Miscellaneous Gages and
Some instruments produce a chart of the traced path
Gaging Equipment
which shows the peak-to-valley heights of the surface
irregularities. Special fixturing is required to position 5.26.1 The description of the external gages, as
and guide stylus over thread surface. noted in 5.1 through 5.25. is definitely not a complete
catalog of the various types available for inspection
purposes. The gages not described above may be used
5.25 Roundness Equipment
provided they adhere to the standard thread practice
(Table 1 -Gage 16)
noted in this Standard (i.e., truncation, form of thread,
5.25.1 Purpose and Use. There are two types of tolerances, etc.) and have producer and consumer
precision roundness measuring instruments; precision agreement.
107
APPENDIX A
CALIBRATION AND INSPECTION OF LIMIT GAGES,
SNAP GAGES, INDICATING GAGES, AND MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
(This Appendix IS not part of ANSVASME 61.16M-1984, and is included for information purposes only.)
Al GENERAL using a hardened steel stylus with a radius matching

the “best size” thread ball. The stylus, which contacts
There are more ways to calibrate gages than those
both the leading and following flanks, engagesselected
briefly described herein. Since this Appendix covers
complete threads at the pitch line in a direction par-
only the most commonly used designs of limit, snap.
allel to the axis of the gage.
and indicating gages, the inspector may have to modify
The measurements are made at both ends of the gage
the method described for it to become applicable. Spe-
and one or more positions in between along one line;
cial fixturing may be necessary for the small and large
then they are repeated along another line at 180 deg.
gages.
around the gage. The mean of the two sets of readings
Specially designed screw thread indicating gages
is taken in order to eliminate the effect of any mis-
may at times be more practical for making measure-
alignment of the measuring axis with respect to the
ments on thread gage elements than the cumbersome
gage axis. The importance of pitch measurement is to
all-purpose laboratory instruments which may lack
estimate its effect on functional size. The diameter
adequate fixturing to do an efficient job.
equivalent of a pitch variation of 0.002 mm isO.
Before one calibrates, sets, or uses limit, snap, and
mm.
indicating gages, they should be cleaned and examined
Since gages have very small pitch tolerances, the
visually for nicks, burrs, and foreign matter, using a
measurement of pitch by optical projection is not
minimum of IOX magnification. Defects must be
recommended.
corrected.
A2.3 Helix Variation Measurement

A2 THREAD PLUG GAGE CALIBRATION
Helical variation may be measured with helix mea-
GO and HI Thread Plug Gages suring machines or on special fixtured indicating
GO and LO Truncated Setting Plug gages. Manufacturer’s instructions should be used.
Thread Gages
GO and LO Full-Form Thread-Setting
A2.4 Major Diameter Measurement
Plug Gages
The measuring instrument is set with gage blocks,
cylindrical standards. or cylindrical standards and
A2.1 External Pitch Diameter Measurement
gage block combination which approximate the major
The formula and method of measuring pitch diame- diameter size. Then the outside diameter of the thread
ter on thread plug gages are described in Appendix B. is placed between parallel anvils of a measuring ma-
chine or micrometer. The measuring faces are brought
into contact with the threads using the specified
A2.2 Pitch Variation Measurement
measuring force. Additional readings are taken along
Only those thread plug gages that have their centers the axis and around the gage to verify that the varia-
intact can be mounted on centers for evaluation. The tions in roundness and taper are within the major
measurements are made on a pitch-testing machine by diameter tolerance.
109
A2.5 Thread Form TABLE Al MINIMUM MAGNIFICATION
Thread form is checked by either optical projection Minimum

or toolmaker’s microscope. After the recommended Pitch, mm Magnification
magnification is selected. the profile may be compared More than 1.75 20x
to thread templates, and the root radius may be com- 1.75-0.6 50x
pared to a series of radii on a chart. The truncation, 0.6 and less 100x
width of flat,.and root clearance can be measured by --____
using the micrometer screws to translate the image of
the thread feature with respect to cross lines in the
projector of hairlines in the microscope. maximum conical contacts with radius or small flat
tips are used. Gage axis must be mounted normal to the
measuring screw axis. A gage block combination cor-
A2.6 Flank Angle Measurement
responding to the basic minor diameter should be used
A2.6.1 If both centers are available, the flank to set the measuring screw. Optical projection may be
angles may be measured by optical projection or tool- used also.
maker’s microscope using magnifications shown in
Table Al.
The plug gage is mounted on the centers in a fixture A3 THREAD RING GAGE INSPECTION
which can be tilted to the helix so that both flanks are
GO and LO Thread Ring Gages
in focus. See corrective angles shown in Table A2.
GO and HI Thread-Setting Ring Gages
The leading and following 30 deg. angles are each
measured with respect to the major cylinder or axial to
the thread axis. The protractor head should read out to A3.1 Internal Pitch Diameter Measurement
I min of arc. The cross line or hairline is set parallel to
A3.1 .l Measurement of internal pitch diameter
the thread feature permitting a very narrow slit of light
has seldom been practiced in the United States because
between. If the thread flank is not straight, the in-
instrumentation has not been readily available. Thus,
spector may either position the line to average out the
the pitch cylinder is transferred to split ring gages from
flank irregularities or measure both the addendum and
the GO and LO thread-setting plugs by adjustment.
dedendum flank angles.
Solid working and setting ring gages are sized by lap-
A2.6.2 Profile tracing equipment is available for ping until a light drag is noticed as they are screwed on
making profile charts of each flank on 2.5 mm and the setting plugs. Sizes under 5 mm can only be gaged
larger pitches. with plug gages.
A3.1.2 The measured pitch diameter on rings fit-

A2.7 Runout Between Major Cylinder ted to a setting plug may be 0.0025 mm to 0.005 mm
and Pitch Cylinder larger than the measured pitch diameter on the plug
because the pitch diameter equivalents from permis-
The fixed anvil of the measuring instrument or mi-
sible pitch. lead, and flank angle tolerances on matched
crometer engages the major cylinder of the gage. and
plug and ring cause some unavoidable discrepancy.
the movable anvil straddles two thread-measuring
wires which are pressed against the pitch cylinder with A3.1.3 Measurement of internal pitch diameter
a force appropriate for pitch diameter measurement. using “best size” thread ball is restricted to sizes from
This reading is taken and is followed by a series of 5 mm and larger. It is measured with ball contacts
readings obtained by rotating the threaded gage until mounted to caliper jaws and coupled to an indicating
the maximum and minimum values are found. The gage. One jaw has a fixed ball and the other jaw a pair
maximum difference in measurements shall be within of floating balls with center spacing of two or more
the runout tolerance between the major cylinder and pitches. The caliper-jaws are usually set to zero on an X
pitch cylinder. tolerance plain ring whose diameter is the sum of the
basic pitch diameter of the gage plus one-half the “best
size” thread ball diameter. The ball contacts are
A2.B Minor Diameter Measurement
brought in contact with the flanks of the internal
Minor diameter can be measured with measuring thread. A series of measurements are made around the
machine or micrometer, provided special 55 deg. gage at both ends and in the middle. The indicator
110
TABLE A2 60 deg. INCLUDED THREAD ANGLE
Helix Angle Correction Helix Angle Correction
deg. min. deg. min. deg. min. deg. min.
0 54 9 ia 23
10 1 4 9 10 19 4
20 1 14 9 20 19 46
30 1 24 9 30 20 29
40 1 36 9 40 21 12
50 1 48 9 50 21 57
2 2 10 22 42
10 2 16 10 10 23 28
20 2 31 10 20 24 15
30 2 47 10 30 25 2
40 3 4 10 40 25 50
50 3 21 10 50 26 38
3 38 11 27 28
10 3 56 11 10 28 19
20 4 16 11 20 29 11
30 4 35 11 30 30 2
40 4 56 11 40 30 55
50 5 ia 11 50 31 47
5 40 12 32 42
10 6 2 12 10 33 37
20 6 27 12 20 34 33
30 6 31 12 30 35 29
40 7 17 12 40 36 27
50 7 43 12 50 37 25
a 10 13 38 23
10 a 37 13 10 39 23
20 9 5 13 20 40 25
30 9 35 13 30 41 25
40 IO 5 13 40 42 26
50 10 35 13 50 43 30
11 6 14 44 33
10 11 38 14 10 45 37
20 12 11 14 20 46 42
30 12 46 14 30 47 47
40 13 20 14 40 48 55
50 13 55 14 50 50 2
14 31 15 51 10'
10 15 a
20 15 46
30 16 24
40 17 2
50 17 42
Ill
reading gives the variation from the size to which the A3.6 Thread Form
gage was set.
Casts made of nonshrinking and nondeforming ma-
terial such as dental plaster. selected resins, and
A3.2 Internal Pitch Variation Measurement silicone are necessary to evaluate thread form. The
profiles are examined by optical projection or by
The ground face of the thread ring gage is clamped to
toolmaker’s microscope. Thread form templates are
a face plate and mounted normal to the measuring axis
used for comparison purposes. Also. truncation. width
of the pitch-testing machine. A modified stylus with
of flat. and root clearance can be measured with the
“best size” thread ball radius is needed to contact the
micrometer-driven table.
internal threads. Measurements are made along one
line parallel to thread axis at two or more intervals. and
then these same intervals are measured on another A3.7 Flank Angle Measurements
line after rotating the gage I80 deg. The means of the
Casts are required. They are mounted with plasticine
variations of corresponding intervals are taken to
to a fixture which can be tilted in the field ofthe optical
eliminate the effect of misalignment of measuring axis
projector or toolmaker’s microscope. Further details
with gage axis.
are given in A2.h. Profile tracing equipment is available
for making profile charts of each flank angle on 2.5 mm
A3.3 Helix Variation Measurement pitch and larger. Manufacturer’s instructions describe
the process.
Helical variations are measured on a special fixtured
indicating gage. Manufacturer’s instructions should be
used. A3.8 Major Diameter Measurement
Threaded segments with 55 deg. maximum included

A3.4 Helix Offset Measurement on Adjustable angles and slightly truncated at the crests are used with
Thread Ring Gages an internal indicating gage. The segments are set to a
plain ring gage or to the inner sides of parallel jaws
When an adjustable thread ring gage is reset. the
attached to a gage block combination equivalent to the
helix offset at the split line must be checked and may
basic major diameter of the ring gage. The thread ring
not exceed the X tolerance for pitch. One way to
gage is explored for maximum and minimum diameter.
measure the misalignment is to screw the adjustable
ring partially onto its setting plug. which is clamped to
a vee block on a surface plate. With the face of the ring A3.9 Runout Between Minor Cylinder
gage parallel to the surface plate. allow the spherical and Pitch Cylinder
probe of an electronic height gage to contact the
Horizontally clamp handle end of setting plug in vee
exposed thread flank near the edge of the slit. Note the
block which is clamped on a surface plate. Next, screw
reading. Next, slowly rotate the ring so that the probe
thread ring gage part way onto plug. Lubricate threads
crossesthe slit and rests on the thread flank again and
if there is a snug fit. Position ball contact of electronic
note the reading. The difference in readings shall not
height gage on the exposed minor cylinder of the ring
exceed X tolerance for lead. Sometimes the offset can
gage. Next. slowly rotate ring to obtain the full-indi-
be realigned by resetting and gently tapping it into
cator reading for the runout.
alignment and relocking the gage.
A3.5 Minor Diameter A4 PLAIN PLUG GAGE CALIBRATION
There are varieties of internal gages with plain GO and NOT GO Plain Plug Gages, Z Tolerance
cylindrical segments coupled to mechanical and elec- GO and NOT GO Plain Setting and Check Plug
tronic indicators which are suitable for the measure- Gages, X and Y Tolerances
ment. The indicating gages are set to a master gage
made with parallel jaws attached to gage block com-
A4.1 Outside Diameter Measurement
binations corresponding to the basic minor diameter.
Measurements are made to locate the maximum and A4.1 .l The Z tolerance plug gage is measured
minimum diameters to prove that the ring minor between flat parallel contacts of a micrometer which
diameter is within tolerance. has a resolution of 0.001 mm. The micrometer is set
II2
with a tolerance Grade 3 gage block close to the size of gage block sets must meet the requirements specified in
the plug to minimize error in micrometer screw. Read- ANSIIASME B89.1.9M-1984, Precision Gage Blocks
ings around and along the plug are taken to verify that for Length Measurement (Through 20 in. and 500 mm).
the gage is within Z tolerance. The small displacement between ring gage diameter and
master gap is read on the meter. Measurements are taken
A4.1.2 The X or Y tolerance plug gage is measured
around the gage, near the ends, and in the middle. The
between flat parallel anvils of a measuring machine
measuring instrument should have a readout of at least
which has a resolution to 0.00025 mm or less, with a
0.00025 mm. A referenced position at the middle of the
measuring force of 4.5 N. The flatness and parallelism
bore is used to index the out-of-roundness check as de-
of the anvils should be within O.OOO25 mm. The calibra-
scribed in A4.1.2.
tion history of the measuring screw should not exceed
0.00075 mm. The measuring machine anvils are set
with a tolerance Grade 3 gage block combination
A6 PLAIN SNAP GAGES
which corresponds to the marked diameter of the plug
gage. Measurements are made around the plug near GO and NOT GO plain snap gages for external
the ends and middle to determine that ovality. out-of- major diameter check are set with plain Z tolerance
roundness. barrel shape, and taper are within toler- plug gages. When the adjustable anvil is locked, there
ance. Also. one measured diameter is marked, and this should be a very light drag felt when plug gage or roll is
mark is used as the starting position for generating a pushed between anvils for its entire travel. If this does
roundness chart on a roundness testing instrument for not occur, anvils are worn out of parallel and should be
compliance to tolerance. Roundness is assessedby the relapped. The snap may be set with gage blocks and
minimum circumscribed circle method on the chart. roll whose combined thickness equals the major di-
The out-of-roundness is the radial separtion between ameter limit. When the adjustable anvil is locked, the
the minimum circumscribed circle and the maximum small roll should have a very light drag when moved
inscribed circle. Refer to ANSI B89.3. I. Measurement across the anvil.
of Out-of-Roundness, for details on roundness
measurement.
A7 ROLLS WITH ZERO LEAD THREAD
FORM USED ON SNAP AND
INDICATING GAGES
A5 PLAIN RING GAGE CALIBRATION
Rolls may be checked for thread form and size by
GO and NOT GO Plain Ring Gages. Z Tolerance
optical projection (see A2.5 and A2.6). Pitch is mea-
GO and NOT GO Plain Setting Ring Gages, X
sured as described in A2.2. New rolls should be manu-
Tolerance
factured to X tolerances. Worn rolls should be replaced
when a single thread element wears outside of X
A5.1 Diameter Measurement tolerance.
A5.1.1 The Z tolerance ring gage is measured with

internal indicating gage or measuring instrument which
A8 INSPECTING PERIPHERAL
has a resolution of 0.001 mm. The measuring device is
CONTACTING SEGMENTS ON
usually set with a master gap produced by clamping
INDICATING GAGES
jaws to the selected gage block combination. Measure-
ments are taken around the bore near ends and in the A8.1 Inspection of the Threaded Section
middle. Used on External Product Threads
A5.1.2 The X tolerance ring gage is measured over A8.1 .l Straightness (Taper, Bellmouth, and
two radius contacts on an internal measuring instru- Barrel Shape)
ment. Internal measuring procedure is given in ANSI (a) Using the last three threads of the full-form
B89.1.6, Measurement of Qualified Plain Internal Di- portion of the truncated type setting plug (handle end
ameters for Use as Master Rings and Ring Gages. The on taperlock blanks), engage the first three threads on
measuring device is set with a master gap produced by one end of the segments. Note the reading.
clamping flat parallel jaws on the gage block com- (h) Using the same procedure, engage the lust three
bination corresponding to the ring gage dimension. threads on the other end of the segments. Note the
The gage blocks and the jaws which are accessoriesto reading.
113
(c) Repeat step (a) using.firhf three threads of the A8.1.5 Minor Cylinder to Pitch Cylinder Re-
rruncared portion of the plug (opposite the handle end lationship of Each Segment
on taperlock blanks). Note the reading. (a) With each like coded segment, measure from its
(d) Repeat step (b) using the first three threads of mounting hole over the outside diameter of a plain
the rruncared portion of the plug. Note the reading. plug whose diameter is that of the specified maximum
Indicated differences exceeding X tolerance for minor diameter and which is resting on the minor
pitch diameter between reading (a) and (b) or (c) and diameter of the segment. Note the two readings.
(d) reveal the segments as having an end-to-end (h) With each like coded segment, measure from its
straightness deviation. mounting hole over the outside diameter of the W
tolerance GO thread plug ~ full-form section -as it
NOTE. Moredelinluhe anal>~sfor hellmouth OTharrelshapecan be
rests in the segment thread. Note the readings.
made by using a chech plug (full-form or truncated) having a
maxlmum length of three pitches. rotating the plug through the full The differences between matching sets of readings
lrngth of the segments. and noting the plus 2nd minus (5) Indicator from steps (a) and (b) for each segment must be within
variation at specific points I” the segment,.
the X tolerance for minor diameter.
A8.1.2 Flank Angle Wear NOI-E: Inspection fixtures can be used for the above.
(a) Indicated differences exceeding X tolerance for

A8.1.6 Minor Cylinder Size Compared to
pitch diameter values obtained by A8. I. I procedure (a)
Pitch Cylinder Diameter Size and Minor Diame-
and (c), or (b) and (d), reveal that the segments have
ter Straightness (As a Coded Pair)
excessive flank angle wear; or
(a) Using the full-form portion of the W tolerance-
(h) Indicated differences exceeding X tolerance for
setting plug, engage its entire length into the segments
pitch diameter values obtained between the full-form
and zero-out the indicator.
portion and the truncated portion of the setting plug
(h) Using a plain cylindrical plug having a size equal
when engaging the segments over their full length also
to the maximum-material minor diameter of the thread
reveal that the segments have excessive flank angle
size in question, engage that plug fully into the seg-
wear.
ments and note the reading.
A8.1.3 Lead Error. Should the preceding checks
The difference in reading must be within the X
for straightness and flank angle wear fall within X tolerance specified for minor diameter.
tolerance, the check for lead error is performed as (c) To verify the taper of the minor diameter, par-
fo1lows. tially engage the plain cylindrical plug from each end of
(a) Using the last three threads of the ful&rtn the segments.
(d) Measure directly for straightness from the seg-
portion of the setting plug (handle end on taperlock
blanks), engage theji’rsr three threads on one end of the ment mounting hole directly to the minor diameter
segments. Note the reading. flats of each thread in the segment.
(h) With the three thread engagement above, rotate A8.1.7 Minor Cylinder to Pitch Cylinder Co-
the,fu//+omt portion of the plug through the segments axiality Relationship (As a Coded Pair)
to full length engagement. Note the reading.
NOTE: Eken though the size of the minor diameters may he within
An indicated difference exceeding X tolerance for
tolerances, they may not be coaxial.
pitch diameter between the first and second readings
above reveals that the segments have excessive lead (a) Using the full-form portion of the W tolerance-
error. setting plug, engage the entire length into the segments
(c) Repeat steps (a) and (b) with the rruncated por- and zero-out the indicator at the high point. Lock the
tion of the plug. Note the reading. segments on the studs, with the set screws provided in
An indicated difference exceeding X tolerance for the backs of the segments to prevent them from pivot-
pitch diameter between the first and second readings ing. Lift the pivot arm and back out the plug.
reveals that the segments have a lead error.
NOTE: The pivot arm will not lift high enough to allow total dis-
engagement. Consequently. the plug must be screwed out.
A8.1.4 Thread Form and Cylindrical Form
Continuity. For checking continuity of threaded (h) Using the plain cylindrical plug having a size
and plain surfaces (helical profile uniformity. con- equal to the maximum-material minor diameter of the
tinuous thread flank contact with setting plug, and thread size in question, engage the plug by sliding it in
cylindrical contacts), the conventional bluing pro- (right to left or left to right) from the end. Note the
cedure is used. reading.
114
(c) The indicated difference between steps (a) and diameter difference corresponds with the working
(b) above should not exceed X tolerance for minor range of the indicator dial, are required. When they are
diameter. applied to the cluster of rolls or segments, the dif-
(d) Loosen and reverse the top segment 180 deg. ference in indicator dial readings should not vary by
(ledge side out) and using the full-form portion of the more than & 1 least graduation from the calibrated
W tolerance-setting plug, engage the entire length into difference between the two gages.
the segments and zero-out the indicator at the high
point. With the bottom segment still locked as in step
(a), lock the top segment on the stud with the set screw
provided in the back of the segment to prevent it from
pivoting. Lift the pivot arm and back out the plug. All CALIBRATION OF DIAL AND
ELECTRONIC INDICATORS
NOTE: The pivot arm will not lift high enough to allow total dis-
engagement. Consequently. the plug must be screwed out. Calibration of the indicator may be done by displac-
ing the spindle with a calibrated micrometer screw or
(e) Repeat step (b) above.
with tolerance Grade 3 gage blocks inserted between a
v) The indicated difference between steps (d) and
fixed anvil and the spindle. The accuracy of the mi-
(e) above should not exceed X tolerance for minor
crometer screw should be 0.0007 mm and is used for
diameter.
calibrating indicators with resolution of 0.002 mm and
larger. The zero setting for calibrating dial indicators is
at the 12 o’clock position. A minimum of four equally
A9 INSPECTION OF THREADED CONTACT
spaced increments per revolution is calibrated. On
SEGMENTS USED ON INTERNAL
electronic indicators each numbered division is
PRODUCT THREAD
calibrated.
The coded pairs of segments are locked or clamped
when engaging the plain ring gage or thread-setting
ring. Then thread form, pitch diameter, major di-
ameter, pitch, and straightness can be inspected by
methods described in A2. I through A2.8. Al2 ASSESSMENT OF SURFACE QUALITY
Product threads which exhibit torn or rough surface

may be assessedwith indicating gages. The rapid fluc-
A10 CHECK FOR MAGNIFICATION
tuation of the indicating needle when the part is rotated
DISCREPANCIES DUE TO INDICATING
slowly between the gage contacts may not exceed
SYSTEM LINKAGE
0.0025 mm. For external threads, a roll type indicating
Two X tolerance plain plug gages for the external gage with “best size” thread radius rolls is used.
thread indicating gages and two X tolerance plain ring For internal threads, a gage with “best size” thread
gages for the internal thread indicator gages, whose ball contacts is used.
II
APPENDIX B
METROLOGY OF 60 deg. SCREW THREADS
(This Appendix is not part of ANSI/ASME 61 .16M-1984, and IS included for information purposes only.)
Bl WIRE METHOD OF MEASUREMENT OF The “best size” thread wire is taken as that size which
PITCH DIAMETER (THREAD GROOVE will touch at the groove diameter of a groove cut
DIAMETER) around a cylinder perpendicular to the axis of the
cylinder. The size of the “best size” thread wire, resting
This Section presents specifications and techniques
in a zero lead angle 60 deg. vee thread, is given by the
for the measurement of screw thread plug gages and
formula:
setting plugs by measuring over accurate cylinders or
wires inserted in the thread grooves. The purpose is to
I\’ = 0.5~ X set (I (1)
make available a standard United States method for
making such measurements. The practices described
where
measure groove diameter, which is equal to pitch
diameter only on a thread with perfect pitch spacing. M*= diameter of wire
p = pitch
o = half-angle of thread
B2 SIZE OF WIRES
Reduce this formula to
In the three-wire method of measuring pitch di-
ameter. hardened steel cylinders or wires of appropriate ,\’ = 0.57735 x p (2)
size are placed in the thread groove, two on one side of
the screw and one on the opposite side, as shown in Fig. for 60 deg. threads.
Bl. The contact face of the comparator, measuring On occasion, it may be necessary when a “best size”
machine, or micrometer anvil or spindle which is over thread wire is not available to measure pitch diameter
the two wires must be sufficiently large in diameter or by means of wires of other than the “best size.” The
width to touch both wires; that is, it must be greater minimum size which may be used is limited to that
than the pitch of the thread. It is best to select wires of permitting the wire to project above the crest of the
such a size that they touch the sides of the thread at thread, and the maximum, to that permitting the wire
points where the groove is equal to 0.5~ (groove di- to rest on the flanks of the thread just below the crest
ameter). This is done so that the measurement of pitch and not ride on the crest of the thread. The diameters of
diameter is least affected by any error in thread angle. the best size, maximum, and minimum wires for 60
The size of wire which touches exactly at the groove deg. threads are given in Table B I.
diameter of a perfect thread of a given pitch is termed
the “best size” thread wire for that pitch.
The depth at which a wire of given diameter will rest
in a thread groove depends primarily on the pitch and
B3 METHODS OF MEASURING WIRES
included angle of the thread; and, secondarily, on the
CONSIDERING THE EFFECT
angle made by the helix at the point of contact of the
OF DEFORMATION
wire and the thread, with a plane perpendicular to the
axis of the screw. Variation in the lead angle has a very Measurement of the pitch diameter of a thread gage
small effect in the measurement of groove diameter by means of the three-wire method is most conveniently
with wires. It is desirable to use one size of wire to made when sufficient force is applied to the wires by
measure all threads of a given pitch and included angle. the measuring instrument to properly align the wires
117
Measuring contact
FIG. Bl A THREE-WIRE METHOD OF MEASURING PITCH (THREAD GROOVE) DIAMETER

OF THREAD PLUG GAGES
and gage. Since a wire touches a minute area on each with the axes of cylinder and wire at 90 deg. to each
thread flank, the deformation of the wire and thread other if an appropriate selection of cylinder diameter
will be sufficiently large to require some type of cor- and the measuring force is made. Optimum compensa-
rection and the measuring force must be limited to tion for the deformations which occur in the measure-
avoid permanent deformation of the wire and gage. As ment of pitch diameter would require the calibration of
an indication of the need for compensation for the wires with a different cylinder or force for every thread
deformations, it can be shown that the total effect on diameter-pitch combination. Calibration of wires in-
pitch diameter of the deformations of three wires and an volving such a variety of conditions is neither practical
M 12 X 1.25 thread gage is 0.005 mm when measured nor necessary, as the measurement procedure which is
under 11.1 N. It is practical to compensate for the generally followed will assure uniformity of values. It is
major portion of this deformation by a simple pro- desirable to keep the effects of deformation small.
cedure described in the following paragraphs. (h) It can be shown, for example, that all sizes of
(a) It would be possible to prepare tables of the threads from 3.5 mm to 50 mm can be measured with
deformation of all standardized sizes of gages, but this wires calibrated against a 20 mm diameter cylinder
would not take care of special combinations of pitch using the forces recommended for pitch diameter mea-
and diameter. Another method of compensating for surements in Table B2 with variations from true pitch
the deformations is to measure the thread wires under diameter (neglecting the effect of lead angle) not in ex-
conditions which provide deformations equivalent to cessof 0.0009 mm. Slightly larger discrepancies in the
those which occur when the wires are used to measure a 50 mm to 100 mm size range are relatively unimportant
thread. This can be accomplished by the measurement because these sizes have larger tolerances. For sizes
of the thread wires between a flat anvil and a cylinder smaller than 3.5 mm it is necessary to calibrate wires
118
TABLE Bl METRIC THREAD-MEASURING WIRES FOR 60 deg.
SCREW THREADS
Wire Sizes, W
C 9“Best Size" Thread

Best' Minimum' Maximum2 Wire Constant,'
Pitch 0.57735op 0.505182p 1.010363~ 0.866025p
mm mm mm mm mm
0.2 0.1155 0.1010 0.2021 0.1732

0.25 0.1443 0.1263 0.2526 0.2165
0.3 0.1732 0.1516 0.3031 0.2598
0.35 0.2021 0.1768 0.3536 0.3031
0.4 0.2309 0.2021 0.4041 0.3464

0.45 0.2598 0.2273 0.4547 0.3897
0.5 0.2887 0.2526 0.5052 0.4330
0.6 0.3464 0.3031 0.6062 0.51%
0.7 0.4041 0.3536 0.7073 0.6062

0.75 0.4330 0.3789 0.7578 0.6495
0.8 0.4619 0.4041 0.8083 0.6928
1 0.5774 0.5052 1.0104 0.8660
1.25 0.7217 0.6315 1.2630 1.0825

1.5 0.8660 0.7578 1.5155 1.2990
1.75 1.0104 0.8841 1.7681 1.5155
2 1.1547 1.0104 2.0208 1.7321
2.5 1.4434 1.2630 2.5259 2.1651

3 1.7321 1.5155 3.0311 2.5981
3.5 2.0207 1.7681 3.5363 3.0311
4 2.3094 2.0207 4.0415 3.4641
4.5 2.5981 2.2733 4.5466 3.8971

5 2.8868 2.5259 5.0518 4.3301
5.5 3.1754 2.7785 5.5570 4.7631
6 3.4641 3.0311 6.0622 5.1962
NOTES:
(1) The diameters of “best size” thread balls are the same as the diameters of the “best size” thread
wires.
(2) Measured PD = M, + 0.866025~ - 3 W
(3) If “best size” thread wire is used, PD = M, - C.
TABLE B2 MEASURING FORCE FOR OVER-WIRE

MEASUREMENTS OF EXTERNAL PITCH DIAMETER AND
WIRE CALIBRATION, AND CYLINDRICAL
DIAMETER FOR WIRE CALIBRATION
Measuring Force(flO%) Cylinder

___~ Diameter,
Pitch Range, mm N' lb (Ref.) mm
0.2-0.35 1.1 0.25 1.25

0.35-0.6 2.2 0.50 3
0.6-1.25 4.5 1.00 20
1.25 and larger 11.1 2.50 20
NOTE:
(1) 1N = 0.2248 Ibf
119
against a 3 mm cylinder which has a radius more nearly The use of other contact forces will cause a difference
equal to the radius of curvature of the thread flank. in the reading over the wires. and to completely
(c) As previously noted. the force applied by the compensate for such errors is impractical. Variations
measuring device must be limited to avoid permanent in diameter around the wire should be determined by
deformation of the wires or gage, or both. Even for rotating the wire between a spherical or flat measuring
large diameter threads having coarse pitches, the contact and an anvil having the form of a 60 deg. vee
maximum compressive stressat the points where a wire groove. Variations in diameter along the wire should
touches the thread flanks is high, and it increases to a be determined by measuring between a spherical or flat
point where permanent deformation may occur for the contact and a cylindrical anvil.
small diameter threads. It therefore becomes necessary (d) The wires should be free to assume their positions
to reduce the measuring force progressively as the sizes in the thread grooves without restraint. (The practice of
of threads decrease. See Table B2. holding wires in position with elastic bands can intro-
duce errors in measurement.)
(e) To assure accurate values for pitch diameter mea-
surement, the measured value should be given to three
decimal places.
B4 METHODS OF MEASUREMENT
(f) Measurements shall be standard at 20°C.
USING WIRES
The computed value for the pitch diameter of a

screw thread gage obtained from readings over wires
B5 STANDARD SPECIFICATION FOR
will depend upon the accuracy of the measuring in-
WIRES AND STANDARD PRACTICE
strument used, the measuring force, and the value of
IN MEASUREMENT OF WIRES
the diameter of the wires used in the computations. In
OF 60 deg. THREADS
order to measure the pitch diameter of a screw thread
gage to an accuracy of 0.0025 mm. strict adherence to The following specifications represent present prac-
the methods specified is required. tice relative to thread-measuring wires.
(a) The “best size” thread wires shall comply with (a) Composiriotz. The wires shall be accurately
the specifications listed in B2. The diameter of the finished steel cylinders. the hardness of which shall not
wires must be known to within 0.0005 mm. be lessthan that corresponding to a Knoop indentation
(h) The measurement over wires should be made number of 776 minimum. The surface texture shall not
with a measuring instrument which reads directly to exceed the equivalent of 0.05 pm R, max.
0.00025 mm and has flat parallel contacts within (h) Lerzgrh qf‘ Ct’ireb. The working surface shall he
0.0001 mm. at least 25 mm in length. The wire may be provided
(c) A wire presses on the flanks of a 60 deg. thread with a suitable means of suspension.
with the force that is applied to the wire by the mea- (c) Diatnerer of WireJ. One set of wires shall consist
suring instrument. Inasmuch as the wire and thread of three wires which shall have the same diameter
deform at the contact areas. it is desirable to deter- within 0.00025 mm. and this common diameter shall be
mine the size of the wire under conditions which will within 0.0005 mm of that corresponding to the “best
compensate for this deformation. It is recommended size” for the pitch for which the wires are to be used.
for standard practice that diameters of wires be mea- Wires shall be measured between a flat contact and a
sured between a flat contact and a hardened and ac- hardened and accurately finished cylinder having a
curately ground and lapped steel cylinder having a surface texture not over 0.05 I.tm R, max. The mea-
diameter in accordance with Table BI with the measur- suring forces and cylinder diameter shall be per
ing force specified in Table B2. The plane of the flat Table B2.
contact should be parallel to the contact element of the (n) lhriuriorl it? Diuttlerer. Variations in diameter
cylinder within 0.0001 mm. along a wire (taper) over the 25 mm interval at the
To avoid a permanent deformation of the material center of its length shall not exceed 0.00025 mm as
of the wire or gages, it is necessary to limit the contact determined by measliring between a spherical or flat
force and. for consistent results. a uniform practice as contact and a cylindrical contact.
to contact force in making wire measurements of Variations from true cylindrical contour of a wire
hardened screw threads gages is necessary. The recom- (out-of-roundness. or noncircular cross section) over
mended force for external pitch diameter measure- its 25 mm central interval shall not exceed 0.00025 mm
ments is given in Table B2. as determined by measuring between a spherical or flat
I20
measuring contact and a well-finished 60 deg. vee
groove.
d:=M.+(y)(p)- I+‘(, +coseca
(e) Container and Marking. A suitable container

shall be provided for each set of wires. The pitch for tan’ A cosQ cot (Y
which the wires are the “best size” and the diameter of + (5)
2
the 25 mm central interval of the wires, as determined
by measurements under standard conditions as speci-
fied, shall be marked on the container. The measuring
force and C corrections shall be marked in the
container.
B7 SIMPLIFIED FORMULA FOR
PITCH DIAMETER
B6 GENERAL FORMULA FOR In the measurement of pitch diameter, the term
MEASUREMENT OF PITCH
DIAMETER w tan’ A’cos (Y cot (Y
The general formula for determining the pitch 2

diameter of any thread whose sides are symmetrical
with respect to a line drawn through the vertex and is neglected, as its value is small, being in all casesless
perpendicular to the axis of the thread in which the than 0.0038 mm for standard single lead fastening
slight effect of lead angle is taken into account is: screws of M2 and larger when the “best size” thread
wire is used. Formula (5) takes the simplified form:
dz = M, +
dz = M, + @)- W(I +coseca) (6)
+ cot’ Q tan’ A’)“‘]
The practice of using formula (6) for such threads is
permissible in order to maintain uniformity of practice
where
in the United States and thus avoid confusion.
dz = pitch diameter For a 60 deg. thread of correct angle and thread
M, = measurement over wires form, formula (6) simplifies to
(Y= half-angle of thread
P’ pitch dz = M, + 0.866025~ - 3 W (7)
lead
tan A’ = lead angle (angle between axis For a given set of “best size” thread wires
3.1416dz = of wire and plane perpendicular
to axis of thread) h = M, - C
w= mean diameter of wires
This formula is a very close apporoximation, being where
based on certain assumptions regarding the positions
of the points of contact between the wire and the C= W
[I + cosec e - (y)(p)]
thread.
Formula (3) can be converted to the following The quantity Cis a constant for a given thread angle
simplified form, which is particularly useful when and, when the wires are used for measuring threads of
measuring threads of large lead angle: the pitch and angle for which they are the “best size,”
the pitch diameter is obtained by the simple operation
d2 = M, + of subtracting this constant from the measurement
taken over the wires. In fact, when “best size” thread
in which o‘ = the angle whose tangent equals tan (Y wires are used, this constant is changed very little by a
cos A’. moderate variation or error in the angle of the thread.
When formula (3) is used, the usual practice is to Consequently, the constants for the various sets of
expand the square root term as a series, retaining only wires in use may be tabulated, thus saving a con-
the first and second terms, which gives the following: siderable amount of time in the inspection of gages.
121
However, when wires of other than the best size are TABLE B3 MEASURING FORCE OVER
used, this constant changes appreciably with a varia- BALLS FOR INTERNAL PITCH
tion in the angle of the thread. DIAMETER MEASUREMENT
With the exception of large pitch screws, it has been AND BALL CALIBRATION
shown that variation in angle from the basic size causes
Measuring Force (*lo%)
no appreciable change in the quantity C for the “best Pitch
size” thread wires. (For angle variation of 2 deg., C Range, mm N lb (Ref.)
increases by 0.001 mm for a pitch of I .5 mm and 0.002

0.8-l .25 1.1 0.250
mm for a pitch of 3 mm.) On the other hand, when a 1.25-3 1.7 0.375
wire near the maximum or minimum allowable size is 3 and larger 2.2 0.500
used, a considerable change occurs, and the values of
the cotangent and the cosecant of the actual measured
half-angle are to be used. It is apparent, therefore, that
size” thread ball for the specified pitch. The sphericity
there is a great advantage in using wires very closely
should not exceed 0.00025 mm.
approximating the “best size.” For convenience in car-.
rying out computations, the value C for pitches as
shown in Table Bl should be used. 89.2 Method of Measuring Thread Balls
The following procedures shall be used when mea-

suring pitch diameter thread balls.
(a) In order to measure the pitch diameter of a 60
BB SETTING MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
deg. thread ring gage to an accuracy of within 0.0025
WITH VARIABLE MEASURING FORCE
mm by means of thread balls, it is necessary to know
Recommended practice for setting measuring instru- the thread ball diameters to within 0.0005 mm. Thus, it
ments using gage blocks is as follows. is necessary to use a measuring instrument that reads
(a) Wipe anvils and gage blocks free from dirt and accurately to 0.0003 mm.
dust. (h) The thread ball presseson the flanks of a 60 deg.
(h) Wring the gage blocks to both anvils at max- thread with the force that is applied to the thread ball
mum measuring force setting, or press with fingers the by the measuring instrument. Since the thread ball and
tailstock spindle against the gage blocks while wringing thread deform at the contact areas, the size of the
them to the anvils. thread ball should be determined under conditions
(c) With the gage blocks still in the instrument, which nearly compensate for this deformation. The
reduce the measuring force to that which will be used thread ball should be measured between parallel, flat,
and reset the instrument at this working measuring hardened steel contacts which are set with calibrated
force. This procedure provides adequate force for gage blocks. The contact should be parallel within
wringing gage blocks in with relatively large areas of 0.0001 mm.
anvil faces. The final setting at the working measuring (c) To avoid exceeding the elastic limit of the thread
force to be used compensates for any instrument balls and thread gages and to prevent excessive de-
deflection variation that may occur at the higher formation compensation. it is necessaryto recommend
measuring forces. a uniform practice for measuring force for the calibra-
tion of thread balls and for their use in measuring
internal pitch diameter. Table B3 gives the recom-
mended measuring forces.
B9 THREAD BALLS
(d) Variations in diameter around the thread ball
B9.1 “Best Size” Thread Balls Specifications should be determined by rotating the thread ball
between parallel measuring contacts.
Thread balls shall meet the following requirements:
(a) for a 60 deg. thread, the “best size” thread ball
sizes are identical to the “best size” thread wire sizes
and are given in Table BI;
BIO INTERNAL PITCH DIAMETER
(h) one set of “best size” thread balls consists of
MEASUREMENT
three hardened steel balls that have the same diameter
within 0.00025 mm, and their common diameter Indicating gageswith “best size” thread ball contacts
should be within 0.0005 mm of the corresponding “best are set to either a calibrated plain ring gage or a gage
122
block gap which is larger than the basic pitch diameter
of the product thread by one-half of the diameter of the
“best size” thread ball. The measured internal pitch
diameter is obtained by adding the indicator reading
change directly to the basic pitch diameter size. Setting
to a plain ring gage permits lessuncertainty in deforma-
tion compensation. The recommended measuring force
over thread balls for internal pitch diameter measure-
ment is given in Table B3.
123
APPENDIX C
METRIC TABLES FOR GAGE LENGTHS
(This Appendix is not part of ANSVASME Bl .16M-1984, and is included for information purposes only.)
TABLE Cl LENGTHS OF TAPERLOCK AND TRILOCK THREAD PLUG GAGE BLANKS (SI)_$EkECTED
FROM ANWASME B47.laM
Thread Sizes Thread Lengths
Fine Pitch
Instrument Thread
Range Thread Plug Gages Plug Gages
To and
Above including GO HI GO HI
1 2 3 4 5 6
mm mm mm mm mm mm
___
1.50 2.67 6.4 4.8 4.8 3.2
2.67 3.81 7.9 5.6 5.6 4.0
3.81 5.84 10.3 7.1 7.1 5.6
5.84 9.27 12.7 7.9 7.9 6.4
9.27 12.95 19.0 9.5 9.5 7.9
12.95 20.96 22.2 12.7 12.7 9.5
20.96 28.83 25.4 15.9 15.9 11.1
Pitches 2.0 and Pitches larger

smaller than 2.0
20.83 38.35 25.4 31.8 19.0 19.0 12.7
Pitches Pitches Pitches

3.5 and between 1.5 and
larger 3.5 and 1.5 smaller
38.35 51.05 47.6 31.8 22.2 22.2 19.0 15.9

51.05 63.75 50.8 34.9 22.2 22.2 19.0 15.9
63.75 76.45 50.8 38.1 25.4 25.4 .
76.45 89.15 50.8 38.1 25.4 25.4 . .
89.15 203.45 54.0 38.1 25.4 25.4 .
203.45 305.05 57.2 38.1 25.4 25.4
GENERAL NOTE:
For trilock plug blanks above 19.3 mm and including 38.35 mm, and wire type plug blanks in sizes below 25.65 mm,see ANSVASME B47.laM.
125
TABLE C2 LENGTHS OF THREAD RING GAGE BLANKS AND TOTAL THREAD LENGTHS OF
STANDARD TRUNCATED SETTING PLUG GAGE BLANKS (9) SELECTED FROM ANSI/ASME B47.laA.4
Total Thread Lengths of Truncated

Thread Sizes lengths of Thread Ring Gages Thread-Setting Plugs
_
Fine Pitch For Fine Pitch
’ %‘and Instrument Instrument
Including Thin Ring Thick Ring Ring For Thin Ring For Thick Ring Ring
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 a
~_ ~._____
mm mm mm mm mm mm mm
1.50 2.29 2.4 5.6

2.29 3.81 4.0 9.5
3.81 5.84 4.8 10.3
5.84 9.27 a.7 6.4 19.0 14.3
9.27 12.95 11.1 7.9 25.4 17.5
12.95 20.96 14.3 19.0 11.9 31.8 47.6 25.4

20.96 28.83 17.5 23.8 13.5 38.1 54.0 28.6
28.83 38.35 19.0 28.6 15.9 41.3 60.3 33.3
38.35 51.05 20.6 31.8 15.9 47.6 73.0 33.3
51.05 63.75 22.2 33.3 17.5 50.8 76.2 36.5
63.75 76.45 22.2 34.9 50.8 79.4

76.45 89.15 23.8 36.5 50.8 79.4
89.15 101.85 23.8 38.1 54.0 82.6
101.85 159.00 25.4 38.1 54.0 82.6
L
GENERAL NOTES:
(a) Thin gage blanks are used for all LO thread ring gages, recessing sides as applicable,
(b) For GO thread ring gages:
(1) 0.0 mm to 5.84 mm, use thin blanks for all pitches, recessing sides as applicable;
(2) above 5.84 mm to 12.95 mm, use thin blanks for pitches 0.75 mm and larger; fine pitch instrument blanks for pitches finer than
0.75, mm;
(3) above 12.95 mm to 28.83 mm, use thick blanks for pitches larger than 2 mm, thin blanks for pitches 1 mm to 2 mm, and fine pitch
instrument blanks for pitches finer than 1 mm;
(4) above 28.83 mm to 152.65 mm, use thick blanks for pitches larger than 2.5 mm, thin blanks for pitches 1 mm to 2 mm, and fine pitch
(5) above 152.65 mm, use thick blanks for all pitches.
126
APPENDIX D
CUSTOMARY EQUIVALENTS
(This Appendix is not part of ANSI/ASME 616.1 M-1984, and is included for information purposes only.)
This Appendix presents the customary equivalents of the metric tables in this
Standard, as follows. Data appearing here are for reference only.
Metric Table Description Inch Table

6 X Gage Tolerance Dl
W Gage Tolerance D2
8 Cylindrical Gage Tolerance D3
10 Gages for Standard Thread Series
6g and 6H D5
I1 Setting Gages for Standard Thread
Series 6g and 6H D6
12 Gages for Standard Thread Series
4g6g and 6H D7
13 Setting Gages for Standard Thread
Series 4g6g and 6H D8
Bl Thread-Measuring Wires D4
Cl Lengths of Plug Gage Blanks D9
c2 Lengths of Ring Gage and Set Plug
Blanks D10
127
TABLE Dl X GAGE TOLERANCES FOR THREAD GAGES
-
J
Tolerance on Major or Tolerance on Pitch Diameter
!vtinor Diameters (Note 4) (Notes 2,4)
Tolerance Tolerance on
on lead, Halt-Angle To and To and Above Above Above
Pitch, in. of Thread, Including Above Including 39 mm to 100 mm 200 mm
(Notes 1, 3) deg. ? min. 100 mm 100 mm 39 mm 100 mm to 200 mm to 300 mm
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 a 9
0.2 0.00020 0 40 0.00031 0.00020

0.25 .00020 0 40 .00031 .00020
0.3 .00020 0 30 .00031 .00020
0.35 .00020 0 30 .00031 .00020
0.4 .00020 0 30 .00039 .00020

0.45 .00020 0 30 .00039 .00020 0.00031
0.5 .00020 0 30 .00039 .00020 .00031
0.55 .00020 0 30 .00039 .00020 .00031
0.6 .00020 0 20 .00039 .00020 .00031

0.65 .00020 0 20 .00039 .00020 .00031
0.7 .00020 0 20 .00039 .00020 .00031
0.75 .00020 0 20 .00039 .00020 .00031
0.8 .00031 0 15 .00051 0.00071 .00031 .00039 0.00051 o.oon5i

1 .00031 0 15 .00051 .00071 .00031 .00039 .00051 COO51
1.25 .00031 0 15 .00051 .00071 .00031 .00039 .00051 ;,’ i’
1.5 .00031 0 10 .00051 .00091 .00031 .00039 .00059 Ilrl!ii 1
1.75 .00031 0 10 .00051 .00091 .00031 .00039 .00059 .00071

2 .00031 0 10 .00051 .00091 .00031 .00039 .00059 .00071
2.5 .00031 0 10 .00051 .00091 .00039 .00039 .00059 .00071
3 .00031 0 10 .00071 .OOllO .00039 .00051 00059 00071
3.5 .00039 0 5 .00071 .OOllO .00039 .00051 .00059 .00071

4 .00039 0 5 .00071 .00130 .00039 .00051 .00059 .00071
4.5 .00039 0 5 .00079 .00130 .00039 .00051 .00059 .00079
5 .00039 0 5 .00079 .00130 .00039 .00051 .00059 .00079
5.5 .00039 0 5 .00079 .00130 .00039 .00051 .00059 .00079

6 .00039 0 5 .00091 .00150 .00039 .00051 .00059 .00079
8 .00039 0 5 .00091 .00150 .00039 .00051 .00059 .00079
GENERAL NOTE: Equivalent to metric table. Does not agree with ANSI 61.2
NOTES:
(1) Allowable variation in lead between any two threads shall not be farther apart than the length of the standard gages that are
shown in ANSI/ASME B47.laM.
(3) See 5.13.9.
(4) Tolerances apply to designated size of thread. Apply tolerances in accordance with Table 4.
128
TABLE D2 W GAGE TOLERANCES FOR THREAD GAGES
I- Tolerance on Lead”3 T Tolerance on Major or Minor Diameters4 Tolerance on Pitch
Tolerance on
To and Half-Angle To and Above To and Above Above
Pitch, Including Above of Thread, Including 12 mm Above Including 12 mm 39 mm t
mm 12 mm 12 mm deg. k min. 12 mm to 100 mm 100 mm 12 mm to 39 mm 100 mm
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 a 9 10
0.2 0.00012 0 30 0.00031 0.00012

0.25 .00012 0 30 .00031 .00012
0.3 .00012 0 30 .00031 .00012
0.35 .00012 0.00016 0 20 .00031 .00031 .00012 .00016
0.4 .00012 .00016 0 20 .00031 .00031 .00012 .00016

0.45 .00012 .00016 0 20 .00031 .00039 .00012 .00016
0.5 .00012 .00016 0 20 .00031 .00039 .00012 .00016 .00020
0.55 .00012 .00016 0 18 .00031 .00039 .00012 .00016 .00020
0.6 .00012 .00016 0 la .00031 .00039 .00012 .00016 .00020

0.65 .00012 .00016 0 15 .00031 .00039 .00012 .0016 .00020
0.7 .00012 .00016 0 15 .00031 .00039 .00012 .00016 .00020
0.75 .00012 .00016 0 12 .00031 .00039 .00012 .00016 .00020
g
0.8 .00012 .00016 0 12 .00031 .00051 0.00071 .00012 .00016 .00020

1 .00016 .00016 0 8 .00051 .00051 .00071 .00012 .00016 .00020
1.25 .00016 .00016 0 a .00051 .00051 .00071 .00012 .00016 .00020
1.5 .00016 .00016 .o 8 .00051 .00051 .00071 .00012 .00016 .00020
1.75 .00016 .00016 0 8 .00059 .00059 .00091 .00012 .00020 .00024

2 .00020 .00020 0 6 .00059 .00059 .00091 .00016 .00020 .00024
2.5 .00020 0 6 .00059 .00091 .00020 .COO24
3 .00024 0 6 .00059 .00091 .00020 .00024
3.5 .00024 0 5 .00071 .00110 .00020 .00024

4 .00031 0 5 .00071 .00110 .00020 .00024
4.5 .00031 0 4 .00079 .00130 .00020 .00024
5 .00031 0 4 .00079 .00130 .00020 .00024
5.5 .00031 0 4 .00079 .00130 .00020 .00024

6 .00031 0 4 .00091 .00130 .00020 .00024
0 .00031 0 4 .00091 .00150 .00020 .00024
= .. - _.___ --
CENERI VOTE: Equivade nt to the metrtc table. UoeS no1 ;ree with AN! 51.2.
NOTES:
(I) Allowable variation in lead between any two threads shall not be farther apart than the length of the standard gage that is shown in
ANSVASME Et47.laM.
(3) See 5.13.9.
(4) Tolerances apply to designated size of thread. 4pply tolerance in accordance with Table 5.
TABLE D3 GAGE TOLERANCES FOR PLAIN CYLINDRICAL GAGES
Size Range Tolerances, in. (Note 1)
Above To and Including xx X Y Z(Note 2) zz

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
mm mm in. in. in. in. in.
1 21 0.00002 0.00004 0.00007 0.00010 0.00020

21 38 .00003 .00006 .00009 .00012 .00024
30 64 .00004 .00008 .00012 .00016 .00032
64 115 .00005 .00010 .00015 .00020 .00040
115 165 .000065 .00013 .00019 .00025 .00050
165 230 .00008 .00016 .00024 .00032 .00064
230 300 .OOOlO .00020 .00030 .00040 .00080
NOTES:
(1) Tolerances apply to actual diameter of plug or ring. Apply tolerances in accordance with Table 4.
Symbols XX, X, Y, 2, and ZZ are standard gage tolerance classes.
(2) Used as tolerance on plain cylindrical plug and ring gages to check minor diameter for internal
threads and outside diameter for external threads. Also used for masters for setting indicating
thread gages where design permits.
TABLE D4 METRIC THREAD-MEASURING WIRES FOR 60 deg.

SCREW THREADS
-I-
l- Wire Sizes, W
C, “Best Size” Thread
Best Minimum Maximum Wire Constant
(Note 1) (Note 2) (Note 2) (Note 3),
Pitch 0.57735op 0.505182p 1.010363~ 0.866025~
mm in. in. in. in.
0.2 0.00455 0.00398 0.00796 0.00682

0.25 0.00568 0.00497 0.00994 0.00852
0.3 0.00682 0.00597 0.01193 0.01023
0.35 0.00796 0.00696 0.01392 0.01193
0.4 0.00909 0.00796 0.01591 0.01364
0.45 0.01023 0.00895 0.01790 0.01534
0.5 0.01137 0.00994 0.01989 0.01705

0.6 0.01364 0.01193 0.02387 0.02046
0.7 0.01591 0.01392 0.02784 0.02387
0.75 0.01705 0.01492 0.02983 0.02557
0.8 0.01818 0.01591 0.03182 0.02728
1 0.02273 0.01989 0.03978 0.03410
1.25 0.02841 0.02486 0.04972 0.04262

1.5 0.03410 0.02983 0.05967 0.05114
1.75 0.03978 0.03481 0.06961 0.05967
2 0.04546 0.03978 0.07956 0.06819
2.5 0.05683 0.04972 0.09945 0.08524
3 0.06819 0.05967 0.11933 0.10229
3.5 0.07956 0.06961 0.13922 0.11933

4 0.09092 0.07955 0.15911 0.13638
4.5 0.10229 0.08950 0.17900 0.15343
5 0.11365 0.09945 0.19889 0.17048
5.5 0.12502 0.10939 0.21878 0.18753
6 0.13638 0.11933 0.23867 0.20457
NOTES:
(1) The diameters of “best size” thread balls are the same as the diameters of “best size” thread wires.
(2) Measured PD = M, + 0.866025~ - 3 W.
(3) If “best size” thread wire is used, PD = M, - C.
130
TABLE D5 GAGES FOR STANDARD THREAD SERIES CLASSES 6g AND 6H
M PROFILE SCREW THREADS- LIMITS OF SIZE (CUSTOMARY)
T Gages for External Threads Gages for Internal Thr
X Thread Gages T I
X Thread Gages
Z Plain Gages for

Major Diam. GO
Nominal Size Major Pitch

and Pitch Class GO NOTGO Diam. Diam.
1 7 a 9 10
Ml.6 X 0.35 0.06224 0.05890 0.06299 0.05406

0.06212 0.05902 0.06330 0.05426
M2 X 0.4 0.07799 0.07425 0.07874 0.06850

0.07787 0.07437 0.07913 0.06870
M2.5 X 0.45 0.09764 0.09370 0.09843 0.08693

0.09752 0.09382 0.09882 0.08713
E
M3 X 0.5 %
‘ 0.11732 0.11315 0.11811 0.10531
0.11720 0.11327 0.11850 0.10551
M3.5 X 0.6 0.13697 0.13205 0.13780 0.12244

0.13685 0.13217 0.13819 0.12264
M4 X 0.7 0.15661 0.15110 0.15748 0.13957

0.15649 0.15122 0.15787 0.13959
M5 X 0.8 0.19591 0.19000 0.19685 0.17638

0.19579 0.19012 0.19736 0.17669
M6Xl 0.23520 0.22811 0.23622 0.21063

0.23508 0.22823 0.23673 0.21094
M8 X 1.25 6g 0.31386 0.30551 0.31496 0.28299

0.31374 0.30563 0.31547 0.28330
M8Xl %
‘ 0.31394 0.30685 0.31496 0.28937
0.31382 0.30697 0.31547 0.28968
t +
See Notes at end of table.
TABLE D5 GAGES FOR STANDARD THREAD SERIES CLASSES 6g AND 6H
M PROFILE SCREW THREADS -LIMITS OF SIZE (CUSTOMARY) (CONT’D)
T- I
---!-
Gages for External Threads Gages for Internal Th
-
I
T
X Thread Gages X Thread Gages
- -
GO T LO
-
Z Plain Gages for
Major
-
Diam.
I
GO
I
I HI
-
Nominal Size Pitch Minor Pitch Minor Major Pitch Major Pitch
!
and Pitch Class Diam. Diam. Diam. Diam. GO NOT GO Diam. Diam. Diam. Diam.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
r c
Ml0 X 1.5 6g 0.32850 0.34890 0.33709 0.39244 0.38315 0.39370 0.35535 0.37425 0.36244
0.32799 0.34921 0.33760 0.39232 0.38327 0.39421 0.35566 0.37374 0.36213
Ml0 X 1.25 6!~ 0.36063 0.33983 0.35598 0.34614 0.39260 0.38425 0.39370 0.36173 0.37787 0.36803
0.36032 0.33932 0.35629 0.34665 0.39248 0.38437 0.39421 0.36204 0.37736 0.36772
Ml0 X 0.75 6g 0.37366 0.36087 0.36972 0.36382 0.39283 0.38732 0.39370 0.37453 0.38563 0.37972
0.37346 0.36048 0.36992 0.36421 0.39271 0.38744 0.39409 0.37473 0.38524 0.37952
t;
h)
Ml2 X 1.75 6g 0.42634 0.39650 0.42043 0.40665 0.47110 0.46067 0.47244 0.42768 0.44933 0.43555
0.42603 0.39599 0.42074 0.40716 0.47098 0.46079 0.47295 0.42799 0.44882 0.43524
Ml2 X 1.5 6g 0.43283 0.40724 0.42732 0.41551 0.47118 0.46189 0.47244 0.43409 0.45339 0.44157
0.43252 0.40673 0.42763 0.41602 0.47106 0.46177 0.47295 0.43441 0.45288 0.44126
Ml2 X 1.25 6g 0.43937 0.41807 0.43417 0.42433 0.47134 0.46299 0.47244 0.44047 0.45740 0.44756
0.43906 0.41756 0.43448 0.42484 0.47121 0.46287 0.47295 0.44078 0.45689 0.44705
Ml2 X 1 6g 0.44583 0.42878 0.44118 0.43331 0.47142 0.46433 0.47244 0.44685 0.46102 0.45315
(Note I) 0.44552 0.42827 0.44149 0.43382 0.47130 0.46421 0.47295 0.44716 0.46051 0.45284
I
Ml4 X 2 6g 0.49854 0.46445 0.49224 0.47650 0.54969 0.53866 0.55118 0.50004 0.52413 0.50839
0.49823 0.46394 0.49255 0.47701 0.54957 0.53878 0.55169 0.50035 0.52362 0.50808
Ml4 X 1.5 0.51157 0.48598 0.50606 0.49425 0.54992 0.54063 0.55118 0.51283 0.53213 0.52031
3.51126 0.48547 0.50637 0.49476 0.54980 0.54075 0.55169 0.51314 0.53162 0.52000
3.56394 0.54689 0.55929 0.55142 0.58952 0.58244 0.59055 0.56496 0.57913 0.57126
3.56363 0.54638 0.55960 0.55193 0.58940 0.58256 0.59106 0.56527 0.57862 0.57095
t + - t
SW Notes at end of table.

TABLE D9 LENGTHS OF TAPERLOCK AND TRILOCK THREAD PLUG GAGE BLANKS SELECTED
FROM ANSI/ASME B47.laM (CUSTOMARY)
Thread Sizes Thread lengths

T-
Fine Pitch Instru-
ment Thread
Thread Plug Gages Plug Gages
To And
Above Including GO HI GO HI
1 2 3 4 5 6
mm mm in. in in in
1.50 2.67 l/4 3/16 3/16 i/a

2.67 3.81 5116 7/32 7/32 5132
3.81 5.84 13/32 9/32 9/32 7132
5.84 9.27 l/2 5/16 5116 l/4
9.27 12.95 3/4 3/a 3/a 5/16
12.95 20.96 7/a l/2 l/2 3/a
20.96 28.83 1 5/a 5/a 7/16
Pitches 2.0 mm Pitches Larger

And smaller than 2.0 mm
28.83 38.35 1 1 l/4 314 3/4 l/2
1
I
Pitches Pitches
Pitches 3.5 mm between 1.5 mm and
and larger 3.5 and 1.5 mm Smaller
38.35 51.05 l-718 l-l/4 7/a 7/a 3/4

51.05 63.75 2 i-318 7/a 7/a 3/4
63.75 76.45 2 l-l/2 1 1
76.45 89.15 2 l-l/2 1 1
89.15 203.45 2-?/a l-l/2 1 1
203.45 305.05 2-l/4 l-1/2 1 1
GENERALNOTE:
For trilock plug blanks above 19.3 mm and including 38.35 mm, and wire type plug blanks in sizes below 25.65 mm, see ANSI/ASME
B47.laM.
163
TABLE DlO LENGTHS OF THREAD RING GAGE BLANKS AND TOTAL THREAD LENGTHS OF
STANDARD TRUNCATED SETTING PLUG GAGE BLANKS
SELECTED FROM ANSI/ASME B47.laM (CUSTOMARY)
Tbread Sizes Lengths of Thread Ring Gages
Fine Pitch
r Total Thread
Thread
Lengths
Setting
of Truncated
Plugs
For
To And Thin Thick Instrument For For Fine Pitch
Above Including Ring Ring Ring Thin Ring Thick Ring Instrument Ring
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 a
mm in. in. in. in. in. in
1.50 2.29 3/32 7132

2.29 3.81 5132 3/a
3.81 5.84 306 13132
5.84 9.27 11/32 l/4 314 b/i6
9.27 12.95 7/16 5116 1 11/16
12.95 20.96 9/16 3/4 15132 l-1/4 i-7/8 1

20.96 28.83 11/16 IS/l6 17/32 l-l/2 2-i/a i-i/a
28.83 38.35 3/4 l-i/a 5/a l-518 2-3/a l-5/16
38.35 51.05 13/16 l-l/4 5/a 1-7/a 2-7/a I-5116
51.05 63.75 7/a l-5/16 II/l6 2 3 l-7/16
63.75 76.45 7/a I -3/a 2 3-i/a

76.45 89.15 15/16 l-7/16 2 3-l/a
89.15 101.85 IS/l6 l-l/2 2 3-l/4
101.85 159.00 1 l-l/2 2-i/a 3-l/4
_~ -_
GENERAL NOTES:
(a) Thin gage blanks are used for all LO thread ring gages, recessing sides as applicable
(b) For GO thread ring gages:
(1) 0.0 mm to 5.84 mm, use thin blanks for all pitches, recessing sides as applicable;
(2) above 5.84 mm to 12.95 mm, use thin blanks for pitches 0.75 mm and larger; fine pitch instrument blanks for pitches finer than
0.75 mm;
(3) above 12.95 mm to 28.83 mm, use thick blanks for pitches larger than 2 mm, thin blanks for pitches 1 mm to 2 mm, and fine pitch
(4) above 28.83 mm to 152.65 mm, use thick blanks for pitches larger than 2.5 mm, thin blanks for pitches 1 mm to 2 mm, and fine
pitch instrument blanks for pitches finer than 1 mm;
(5) above 152.65 mm, use thick blanks for all pitches.
AMERtCAN NATIONAL STANDARDS FOR SCREW THREADS
(Published by The American Society of MechanIcal Engineers)
TITLE OF STANDARD
Unified Inch Screw Threads (UN and UNR Thread Form) ................................ Bl .l-1982
Gages and Gaging for Unified Inch Screw Threads ...................................... B1.2.1983
Screw Thread Gaging Systems for Dimensional Acceptability ............................ B1.3-1973
Screw Thread Gaging Systems for Dimensional
Acceptability (Metric Screw Threads M and MJ) .................................... B1.3M-1981
Acme Screw Threads ................................................................ B1.5.1977
Nomenclature, Definitions, and Letter Symbols for Screw Threads ..................... B1.7M-1984
Stub Acme Screw Threads ........................................................... B1.8-1977
Buttress Inch Screw Threads 7”/45O Form With 0.6 Pitch Basic Height of
Thread Engagement ........................................................ B1.9-1973(R1979)
Unified Miniature Screw ....................................................
Threads Bl .l O-l 958
Microscopic Objective Thread ................................................ Bl .I 1-l 958(R1978)
Class 5 Interface-Fit Thread ........................................................ B1.12-1972
Metric Screw Threads - M Profile ................................................. Bl.l3M-1983
Gages and Gaging for Metric M Scre.w,Threads ..................................... Bl.l6M-1984
Metric Screw Threads for Commercial Mechanical
Fasteners - Boundary Profile Defined ............................................ Bl.l8M-1982
Pipe Threads, General Purpose (Inch) ............................................... B1.20.1-1983
Dryseal Pipe Threads (Inch) ................................................ B1.20.3-1976lR1982)
Dryseal Pipe Threads (Metric Translation of B1.20.3-1976) .................. B1.20.4-1976lR1982)
Gaging for Dryseal Pipe Threads (inch) ............................................. B1.20.5-1978
Gaging for Dryseal Pipe Threads (Metric Translation
of B1.20.5-1978) ............................................................. B1.20.6M-1984
Hose Coupling Screw Threads ............................................. B1.20.7-1966(R1983)
Metric Screw Threads - MJ Profile ................................................ B1.21M-1978
Gages and Gaging Practice for “MJ” Series Metric Screw Threads .................... B1.22.1978
The ASME Publications Catalog shows a complete list of all the Standards published by the Society.
The catalog and binders for holding these Standards are available upon request.
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Gages and Gaging for

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No part of this document may be reproduced in any form,

AEROSPACE INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA, INC.

AMERICAN IRON AND STEEL INSTITUTE

AMERICAN MEASURING TOOL MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION

AMERICAN PIPE FITTINGS ASSOCIATION

DEFENSE INDUSTRIAL SUPPLY CENTER

ENGINE MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION

FARM AND INDUSTRtAL EQUIPMENT INSTITUTE

INDUSTRIAL FASTENERS INSTITUTE

MANUFACTURERS STANDARDIZATION SOCIETY OF THE VALVE AND FITTING INDUSTRY

METAL CUTTING TOOL INSTITUTE (TAP 81 DIE DIVISION)

NATIONAL ELECTRICAL MANUFACTURERS ASSOClATlON

NATIONAL MACHINE TOOL BUILDERS ASSOCIATION

NATIONAL SCREW MACHINE PRODUCTS ASSOCIATION

SOCIETY OF AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERS

SOCIETY OF MANUFACTURING ENGINEERS

TUBULAR RIVET AND MACHINE INSTITUTE

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY

SUBCOMMITTEE 81.2 - SCREW THREAD GAGES AND GAGING

R. Browning, Chairman, Southern Gage Co.. Erin, Tennessee

TASK GROUP 81.16 - GAGES AND GAGING FOR METRIC

C. G. Erickson, Chairman, West Hartford, Connecticut

Standards Committee Roster ................................................... .. V

2 Basic Principles ........................................................

3 General Practice ................................................................... 11

4 Types of Gages for Product Internal Thread ...................................... 12

C Metric Tables for Gage Lengths .................................. 125

D Customary Equivalents ........................................... 127

AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD

GAGES AND GAGING FOR METRIC M SCREW THREADS

1 INTRODUCTION ANSI B89.3.1 Measurement of Out-of-

TABLE 1 SCREW THREAD GAGES AND MEASURING EQUIPMENT FOR

1 Threaded Rings (ANSI/ASME B47.laM):

2 Thread Snap Gages

2.5 Minimum material - pitch diameter type - cone and vee .

2.6 Minimum material - thread groove diameter

3 Plain Diameter Gages

3.2 Major diameter snap type

3.3 Minor diameter snap type

3.4 Maximum and minimum major diameter snap type

3.5 Maximum and minimum minor diameter snap type

4 Indicating Thread Gages

4.5 Minimum material - pitch diameter type - cone and vee

4.6 Minimum material - thread groove diameter type

TABLE 1 SCREW THREAD GAGES AND MEASURING EQUIPMENT FOR

TABLE 1 SCREW THREAD GAGES AND MEASURING EQUIPMENT FOR

Maximum Minimum Material

Thread Gages Size

4.7 Major diameter and pitch diameter runout gage

4.8 Differential segment or roll

5 lndirating Plain Diameter Gages