Biopsychology pinel chapter 9

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1. Aggregation The alignment of cells within different areas 15. Migration The movement of cells from their site of
of the embryo during development to form creation in the ventricular zone of the neural
various structures. tube to their ultimate location in the mature
nervous system.
2. Apoptosis Cell death that is actively induced by genetic
programs, programmed cell death. 16. Multipotent Capable of developing into a limited
number of types of mature body cell
3. Asperger's A mild form of autism in which cognitive and
syndrome linguistic function as are well preserved. 17. Necrosis Passive cell death which is characterized by
inflammation.
4. Autism A neurodevelopmental disorder
characterized by the 1. A reduced ability to 18. Nerve growth A nerotrophin that attracts the growing
interpret the emotions and intentions of factor axons of the sympathetic nervous system
others 2. A reduced capacity for social and promotes their survival.
interaction and communication, and 3. A pre
19. Neural Crest The structure that is formed by cells
occupation with a single subject or activity.
breaking off from the neural groove during
5. Autism A group of related neurodevelopmental the formation of the neural tube that
spectrum disorders typically characterized by develops into the peripheral nervous
disorders preoccupation with a particular object or system.
activity and deficits in communication and
20. Neural Plate A small patch of ectodermal tissue on the
understanding the feelings of others.
dorsal surface of the vertebrate embryo,
6. Cell-adhesion CAMs are molecules on the surface of cells from which the neural groove, the neural
molecules that have the ability to recognize specific tube, and, ultimately, the mature nervous
molecules on the surface of other cells and system develop.
bind to them.
21. Neural The rapid increase in the number of neurons
7. Chemoaffinity The hypothesis that growing axons are Proliferation that follows the formation of the neural tube.
Hypothesis attracted to the correct targets by different
22. Neural Tube The tube that is formed in the vertebrate
chemicals released by the target sites.
embryo when the edges of the neural
8. Critical Period A period during development in which a groove fuse and that develops into the
particular experience must occur for it to central nervous system.
influence the course of of subsequent
23. Neurogenesis The growth of new neurons.
development.
24. Neurotrophins Chemicals that are supplied to developing
9. Fasciculation The tendency of developing axons to grow
neurons by their targets and that promote
along the paths of established by preceding
their survival.
axons.
25. Optic Tectum The main destination of retinal ganglion cells
10. Glia- One of the two major modes of neural
in lower vertebrates.
mediated migration during development, by which
migration immature neurons move out from the central 26. Orbitofrontal The cortex of the inferior frontal lobe,
canal along radial glial cells. cortex adjacent to the orbits, which receives
olfactory input from the thalamus.
11. Growth Cone Amoebalike structure at the tip of each
growing axon or dendrite that guides growth 27. Permissive Particular experiences that are necessary for
to the appropriate target. experiences a particular genetic program to be
manifested.
12. Inside-out The pattern of cortical development in which
pattern orderly waves of tangential migrations 28. Perseveration The tendency to continue making a formerly
progress systematically from deeper to more correct response that is currently incorrect.
superfical layers. 29. Pioneer The first growth cone to travel along a
13. Instructive Particular experiences that influence the growth cones particular route in the developing nervous
experiences direction of a genetic program of system.
development. 30. Pluripotent Developing cells that can develop into
14. Mesoderm The middle of the three cell layers in the many, but not all, classes of body cells.
Layer developing embryo.
31. Radial glial cells Glial cells that exist in the neural tube only during the period of neural migration and that form a network
along which radial migration occurs.
32. Radial Migration Movement of cells in the developing neural tube from the ventricular zone in a straight line outward toward
the tube's outer wall.
33. Retinal Ganglion Retinal neurons whose axons leave the eyeball and form the optic nerve.
cells
34. Savants Intellectually handicapped individuals who nevertheless display amazing and specific cognitive or artistic
abilities, sometimes associated with autism.
35. Sensitive Period The period during the development of a particular trait, usually early in life, when a particular experience is
likely to change the course of that development.
36. Somal Translocation One of the two major modes of neural migration, in which an extension grows out from the undeveloped
neuron and draws the cell body up into it.
37. Stem cells Developing cells that have the capacity for the self-renewal and the potential to develop into various types
of mature cells.
38. Superior temporal The large gyrus of the temporal lobe adjacent to the lateral fissure, the location of the auditory cortex.
gyrus
39. Synaptogenesis The formation of new synapses.
40. Tangential Migration Movement of cells in the developing neural tube in a direction parallel to the tube's walls.
41. Topographic The hypothesis that axonal growth is guided by the relative position of the cell bodies on intersecting
gradient hypothesis gradients, rather than by point-to-point coding of neural connections.
42. Totipotent Capable od developing into any type of mature body cell
43. Unipotent Developing cells that can develop only one type of cell
44. Ventricular Zone The region adjacent to the ventricle in the developing neural tube, the zone where neural proliferation occurs.
45. Williams syndrome A neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by severe mental retardation, accompanied by preserved
language and social skills.