UNIVERSAL COLLEGES OF PARANAQUE, INC

8273 Dr. A Santos Ave., Sucat Road, Parañaque City

Name: ______________________________________________ Score: _____________

MIDTERM EXAMINATION
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
Section: _____________________________________________ Date: ______________
1st SEMESTER 2019 – 2020

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Read and analyze each item carefully. Shade the correct letter on your answer
sheet.

1. Biotic potential and ______ determine ______.

a. environmental resistance; intrinsic rate of increase
b. intrinsic rate of increase; carrying capacity
c. carrying capacity; environmental resistance
d. environmental resistance; carrying capacity
2. With ______ the growth rate decreases, as the population gets larger.
a. exponential growth c. zero population growth
b. logistic growth d. dynamic growth
3. Competition for resources, predation, parasitism, and disease are examples of ______
population controls.
a. density-dependent
b. density-independent
4. A population ______ follows a period of ______ in a population.
a. scarcity, dieback c. dieback, overshoot
b. logistic growth, exponential d. increase, scarcity
growth
5. Which of the following types of reproduction is more beneficial in a potentially-changing
environment?
a. sexual
b. asexual
6. Population change equals births plus immigration minus which of the following?
a. deaths + immigration c. deaths only
b. deaths + emigration d. emigration only
7. Which of the following is a density-independent population control?
a. fire c. disease
b. parasitism d. none are true
8. ______ reproduction is where the offspring are exact copies of a single parent.
a. Sexual
b. Asexual
9. Human populations grow or decline through the interplay of births, deaths, and
a. family planning. c. migration.
b. illness. d. level of economic development.
10. Since 1963, the rate of the world's annual population growth rate has
a. dropped by almost one-third. c. doubled.
b. dropped by almost one-half. d. tripled.
11. The world's most populous country is
a. Nigeria. c. China.
b. India. d. Bangladesh.
12. The average total fertility rate in developing countries is ______ in developed countries.
a. one tenth that c. approximately equal to
b. half that d. twice that
13. Factors that affect birth rates and fertility rates include all except which of the following factors?
a. cost of raising children
b. immigration rate
c. infant mortality rate
d. availability of private and public pension systems

14. If age structure diagrams were drawn for the following countries, which would have the
broadest base?
a. Nigeria c. Sweden
b. Austria d. United States
15. As countries become more industrialized, first their ______ rates decline and then their ______
rates decline.
a. birth, immigration c. death, birth
b. immigration, death d. birth, death
16. The demographic transition model is based on data from
a. Western Europe in the 19th century.
b. the United States in the 20th century.
c. Asia in the 18th century.
d. Africa in the 20th century.
17. Which of the following is cited as a reason why India's family planning program has not been as
successful as it could be?
a. The low status of women in India
b. The preference in India for girl children
c. The lack of widespread knowledge of contraceptive methods
d. All of the choices
18. Which of the following is a cultural hazard?
a. tornado c. driving
b. poisonous snake d. mercury
19. Which of the following is responsible for the greatest number of deaths per year worldwide?
a. tuberculosis c. pneumonia and flu
b. AIDS d. malaria
20. Viruses cause
a. malaria. c. AIDS.
b. tuberculosis. d. cholera.
21. Which of the following viruses is the biggest killer?
a. HIV c. hepatitis B
b. influenza d. ebola
22. A chemical is considered a teratogen if it
a. causes birth defects.
b. causes cancer.
c. can metastasize.
d. increases the frequency of DNA mutations.
23. Which of the following is not a hormone disrupter?
a. DDT c. herbicide
b. PCBs d. mercury
24. A water-soluble toxic chemical can accumulate in the body ______ readily than a fat-soluble
toxin.
a. more
b. less
25. If a toxic chemical gets into an ecosystem, it may be found at higher concentration in tertiary
consumers than in primary consumers as a result of
a. biomagnification. c. bioaccumulation.
b. solubility. d. synergistic effects.
26. A(n) ______ is a large-scale outbreak of an infectious disease in an area or country.
a. epidemic c. bioaccumulation
b. pandemic d. pathogenic

27. The new interdisciplinary field of ______ is devoted to tracking down the connections between
wildlife and humans, and looks for ways to slow or prevent the spread diseases such as avian
flu.
a. genetic engineering
b. gene therapy
c. ecological or conservation medicine
d. holistic medicine
28. ______ is a widely used chemical building block in certain plastics used in a variety of products
including water bottles, baby bottles, food storage containers, and dental fillings that acts as an
estrogen mimic that may cause adverse effects in humans.
a. Bisphenol-A (BPA) c. Dioxin
b. DDT d. Lead

29. ______ is the science that examines the effects of harmful chemicals on humans, wildlife, and
ecosystems.
a. Risk assessment
b. Toxicology
 c. Ecological or conservation medicine
d. Ecology
30. Exposure to low levels of air pollution from an industrial site would be an example of what type
of risk?
a. chronic c. catastrophic
b. exposure d. minimal
31. The temperature changes that occur from one layer of the atmosphere to another are caused by
differences in
a. atmospheric pressure. c. density of the air.
b. absorption of incoming solar d. gravitational pull.
energy.
32. Ninety-nine percent of the volume of air in the troposphere consists of oxygen and
a. nitrogen. c. carbon dioxide.
b. argon. d. water vapor.
33. Soot is an example of a
a. primary pollutant.
b. secondary pollutant.
34. What compound gives photochemical smog its brownish yellow color?
a. sulfur dioxide c. carbon dioxide
b. argon d. nitrogen dioxide
35. Industrial smog contains large amounts of
a. ozone. c. sulfur dioxide.
b. nitrous oxides. d. PANs.
36. Which of the following countries currently has the worst problem with industrial smog?
a. The United States c. England
b. China d. Canada
37. A(n) ______ can cause air pollutants at ground level to rise to harmful levels.
a. offshore wind c. temperature inversion
b. onshore wind d. rain shadow
38. What is one problem associated with acid precipitation?
a. It leads to an accumulation of calcium in the soil.
b. It can promote the growth of mosses that kill trees.
c. It can remove cadmium from the soil.
d. On first exposure to the acid, plant growth is stunted.
39. Which of the following is a way that acid deposition affects human health?
a. It increases the risk of skin cancer.
b. It contributes to respiratory problems.
c. It blocks the actions of normal endocrine hormones.
d. It damages the nervous system.
40. The single best way to reduce acid deposition would be to
a. reduce the use of coal.
b. decrease emissions from automobiles.
c. prohibit the construction of nuclear power plants.
d. add limestone or lime to lakes and soil.
41. Which of the following is not considered one of the four most dangerous indoor air pollutants by
the EPA?
a. formaldehyde c. radon
b. cigarette smoke d. carbon monoxide
42. The Clean Air Acts of the Philippines required
a. coal-burning power plants to trade emissions of sulfur dioxide.
b. the use of unleaded gasoline in cities with high ozone levels.
c. the DENR to set national ambient air quality standards for air pollutants.
d. the abatement of radon in all public buildings.
43. In the Philippines, the majority of water pollution of streams, rivers and lakes is from
a. point pollution from sewage treatment plants.
b. point pollution from abandoned mines.
c. point pollution from factories.
d. nonpoint pollution from agriculture.

44. Which of the following is not listed as a major category of water pollution?
a. plastics c. acid deposition
b. erosion d. heat
45. Cultural eutrophication of lakes is most often caused by input of
 a. nitrates and phosphates. c. PCBs.
b. selenium. d. sediment.
46. Groundwater cannot cleanse itself of degradable wastes quickly because of all but which one of
the following reasons?
a. It has a high concentration of dissolved oxygen.
b. It flows slowly.
c. It has small populations of decomposing bacteria.
d. Cold temperatures slow down decomposing chemical reactions.
47. Which of the following is a major groundwater pollutant in parts of India and Bangladesh?
a. fluoride c. selenium
b. arsenic d. PCBs
48. Secondary sewage treatment
a. removes about 60% of suspended solids from sewage.
b. does not remove any phosphorous or nitrogen from sewage.
c. utilizes aerobic bacteria.
d. is a mechanical process.
49. Using ______ would reduce the amount of sewage output from homes and businesses.
a. tertiary sewage treatment c. sludge digesters
b. composting toilet systems d. anaerobic digesters
50. ______ is/are bacteria that live in the colons and digestive tracts of humans and other animals
and are often present in unsafe amounts in freshwaters.
a. Viruses c. Fecal coliform
b. Shistosomiasis d. Cholera

SHORT ANSWER. Provide the correct answer for the following questions. Write your answers on the
space provided.

1. Label each layer of air in the normal pattern and inversion as cool, cooler, or warm.

2. Label each of these steps of the hydrologic cycle with the appropriate term.

a. Water passes through a plant and is released through its leaves. ____________
b. Water returns to the Earth as snow, ice, or rain. ____________
c. Water soaks into the soil. ____________
d. Heat from the sun converts liquid water to water vapor. ____________
e. Water moves down a surface, eventually draining into a river, lake, etc. ____________

3. Identify each of the following based on the

graph. Assume the response is death.

a. Threshold dose: ___________

b. LD50: ___________

c. 100% Mortality: ___________

4. Label each of these as example of antinatalist(A) or pronatalist(P) forces.

_____ Preference/desire to have a male child.

_____ Increased education levels of women in the society.

 _____ Women having equal say in family planning decisions.

_____ Need for support for elderly parents.

_____ Societal/cultural norms that discourage the use of birth control.

_____ Children working at young ages to support the family business or income.

5. Construct a population pyramid based on the data given for Mexico.

____________________________________________________________________________________

Prepared by: Engr. Irene R. Billones

Subject Professor