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Arch PDF

An arch is a structure that spans an opening and supports a load using wedge-shaped pieces called voussoirs arranged in a curved line. There are several types of arches including flat, triangular, round, and pointed arches. Key parts of an arch include the crown, haunches, spandrel, abutment, springer, impost, extrados, and intrados. Arches are constructed using different shapes such as segmental, basket handle, horseshoe, Roman, and Florentine arches.

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129 views14 pages

Arch PDF

An arch is a structure that spans an opening and supports a load using wedge-shaped pieces called voussoirs arranged in a curved line. There are several types of arches including flat, triangular, round, and pointed arches. Key parts of an arch include the crown, haunches, spandrel, abutment, springer, impost, extrados, and intrados. Arches are constructed using different shapes such as segmental, basket handle, horseshoe, Roman, and Florentine arches.

Uploaded by

Stuti Gupta
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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WHAT IS AN ARCH?

An arch is a structure that spans a space and supports a load.


A structure composed of separate pieces, such as stone or bricks,
having the shape of truncated wedges, arranged on a curved line so
as to retain their position by mutual pressure. This method of
construction is called actuated
A masonry arch
1. Keystone 2. Voussoir 3. Extrados 4. Impost 5.
Intrados 6. Rise 7. Clear span 8. Abutment
Crown: The highest part or point of a convex construction such as arch, vault or
roadway.
Haunch: Either side of the arch curving down from the crown to the impost.
Spandrel: The triangular-shaped, sometimes ornamented area between the extrados or
two adjoining arches, or between the left or right extrados of an arch and the
rectangular framework surrounding it.
Abutment: The part of a structure receiving or supporting the thrust of an arch.
Thrust: The outward force or pressure exerted by one part of the structure against
another.
Springer: The first voissoir resting on the impost of the arch.
Impost: The topmost part of an abutment, often in the form of a capital, molding or block, from
which an arch springs.
Spring/Springing: A point from which an arch, vault or dome rises from its support.
Extrados/Back: The external surface or boundary of the visible surface of an arch.
Intrados/Soffit: The inner curve or surface of an arch forming the concave underside.
Archivolt: The decorative boundary or molding on the face of arch following the curve
of the intrados.
Types of arches
Arches are constructed in four basic shapes that frame
and support doors, windows, porches, and other wall
openings:
Flat arch
Triangular arch
Round arch
Pointed arch
FLAT ARCH Triangular arch
An arch having a horizontal intrados with voissoirs It is a primitive form of arch consisting of two
radiating from a centre below, often built with a slight stones laid diagonally to support each other
camber to allow settling is called a flat or jack arch. over an opening. Hence, the span is limited by
the size of the available material

French arch: A flat arch with voissoirs inclined


to the same angle at each side of the center.
Corbel arch: A false arch
The mortar joints do not, therefore, radiate to
formed by corbelling courses
a common centre. Not, technically, a proper
from each side of an opening
arch, and of weak form
until they meet at a midpoint,
where a capstone is laid to
complete the work. The
stepped reveals may be
removed but no arch action is
affected.
Round arch Horse shoe Arch: An arch having an
Round arches are generally single centred or four intrados that extends above the springing
centred arches. Following are the various types of before narrowing to a rounded crown. Also
round arches: known as Moorish arch.
Roman Arch: A Roman arch is a strong rounded
arch with a semicircular intrados. There are several
examples of Roman arches in ancient Roman
structures.

Segmental Arch: An arch struck from one or


more centers below the springing point, which
forms a partial curve or eyebrow. This arch is so
named because it formed from a segment of a
circle. It is an extremely common form of arch
both in stone and in brick.
Basket Handle: A three centred arch having a crown
with a radius much greater than that of the outer Pointed Arch
pair of curves. Also called anse de panier. Gothic Arch: A pointed arch especially having two
centers and equal radii.

Florentine Arch: An arch having its extrados struck


from a centre further up the central vertical axis than
that of the intrados.
Lancent Arch: A pointed arch having two centers and
radii greater than the span.
Ogee Arch: A pointed arch, each haunch of which
is double curve with the concave side uppermost.

Drop/Depressed Arch: A pointed arch having two


centers and radii less than the span.
ARCH

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