Configuring RADIUS

This chapter describes the Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service (RADIUS) security system,
defines its operation, and identifies appropriate and inappropriate network environments for using
RADIUS technology. The “RADIUS Configuration Task List” section describes how to configure
RADIUS with the authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA) command set.
For a complete description of the RADIUS commands used in this chapter, refer to the chapter “RADIUS
Commands” in the Cisco IOS Security Command Reference. To locate documentation of other
commands that appear in this chapter, use the command reference master index or search online.
To identify the hardware platform or software image information associated with a feature, use the
Feature Navigator on Cisco.com to search for information about the feature or refer to the software
release notes for a specific release. For more information, see the “Identifying Supported Platforms”
section in the “Using Cisco IOS Software” chapter.

In This Chapter
This chapter includes the following sections:
• About RADIUS
• RADIUS Operation
• RADIUS Configuration Task List
• Monitoring and Maintaining RADIUS
• RADIUS Attributes
• RADIUS Configuration Examples

About RADIUS
RADIUS is a distributed client/server system that secures networks against unauthorized access. In the
Cisco implementation, RADIUS clients run on Cisco routers and send authentication requests to a
central RADIUS server that contains all user authentication and network service access information.
RADIUS is a fully open protocol, distributed in source code format, that can be modified to work with
any security system currently available on the market.
Cisco supports RADIUS under its AAA security paradigm. RADIUS can be used with other AAA
security protocols, such as TACACS+, Kerberos, and local username lookup. RADIUS is supported on
all Cisco platforms, but some RADIUS-supported features run only on specified platforms.

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RADIUS has been implemented in a variety of network environments that require high levels of security
while maintaining network access for remote users.
Use RADIUS in the following network environments that require access security:
• Networks with multiple-vendor access servers, each supporting RADIUS. For example, access
servers from several vendors use a single RADIUS server-based security database. In an IP-based
network with multiple vendors’ access servers, dial-in users are authenticated through a RADIUS
server that has been customized to work with the Kerberos security system.
• Turnkey network security environments in which applications support the RADIUS protocol, such
as in an access environment that uses a “smart card” access control system. In one case, RADIUS
has been used with Enigma’s security cards to validate users and grant access to network resources.
• Networks already using RADIUS. You can add a Cisco router with RADIUS to the network. This
might be the first step when you make a transition to a Terminal Access Controller Access Control
System Plus (TACACS+) server.
• Networks in which a user must only access a single service. Using RADIUS, you can control user
access to a single host, to a single utility such as Telnet, or to a single protocol such as Point-to-Point
Protocol (PPP). For example, when a user logs in, RADIUS identifies this user as having
authorization to run PPP using IP address 10.2.3.4 and the defined access list is started.
• Networks that require resource accounting. You can use RADIUS accounting independent of
RADIUS authentication or authorization. The RADIUS accounting functions allow data to be sent
at the start and end of services, indicating the amount of resources (such as time, packets, bytes, and
so on) used during the session. An Internet service provider (ISP) might use a freeware-based
version of RADIUS access control and accounting software to meet special security and billing
needs.
• Networks that wish to support preauthentication. Using the RADIUS server in your network, you
can configure AAA preauthentication and set up the preauthentication profiles. Preauthentication
enables service providers to better manage ports using their existing RADIUS solutions, and to
efficiently manage the use of shared resources to offer differing service-level agreements.
RADIUS is not suitable in the following network security situations:
• Multiprotocol access environments. RADIUS does not support the following protocols:
– AppleTalk Remote Access (ARA)
– NetBIOS Frame Control Protocol (NBFCP)
– NetWare Asynchronous Services Interface (NASI)
– X.25 PAD connections
• Router-to-router situations. RADIUS does not provide two-way authentication. RADIUS can be
used to authenticate from one router to a non-Cisco router if the non-Cisco router requires RADIUS
authentication.
• Networks using a variety of services. RADIUS generally binds a user to one service model.

RADIUS Operation
When a user attempts to log in and authenticate to an access server using RADIUS, the following steps
occur:
1. The user is prompted for and enters a username and password.
2. The username and encrypted password are sent over the network to the RADIUS server.

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3. The user receives one of the following responses from the RADIUS server:
a. ACCEPT—The user is authenticated.
b. REJECT—The user is not authenticated and is prompted to reenter the username and password,
or access is denied.
c. CHALLENGE—A challenge is issued by the RADIUS server. The challenge collects additional
data from the user.
d. CHANGE PASSWORD—A request is issued by the RADIUS server, asking the user to select
a new password.
The ACCEPT or REJECT response is bundled with additional data that is used for EXEC or network
authorization. You must first complete RADIUS authentication before using RADIUS authorization.
The additional data included with the ACCEPT or REJECT packets consists of the following:
• Services that the user can access, including Telnet, rlogin, or local-area transport (LAT) connections,
and PPP, Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP), or EXEC services.
• Connection parameters, including the host or client IP address, access list, and user timeouts.

RADIUS Configuration Task List

To configure RADIUS on your Cisco router or access server, you must perform the following tasks:
• Use the aaa new-model global configuration command to enable AAA. AAA must be configured if
you plan to use RADIUS. For more information about using the aaa new-model command, refer to
the “AAA Overview” chapter.
• Use the aaa authentication global configuration command to define method lists for RADIUS
authentication. For more information about using the aaa authentication command, refer to the
“Configuring Authentication” chapter.
• Use line and interface commands to enable the defined method lists to be used. For more
information, refer to the “Configuring Authentication” chapter.
The following configuration tasks are optional:
• You may use the aaa group server command to group selected RADIUS hosts for specific services.
For more information about using the aaa group server command, refer to the “Configuring AAA
Server Groups” section in this chapter.
• You may use the aaa dnis map command to select RADIUS server groups based on DNIS number.
To use this command, you must define RADIUS server groups using the aaa group server
command. For more information about using the aaa dnis map command, refer to the section
“Configuring AAA Server Group Selection Based on DNIS” in this chapter.
• You may use the aaa authorization global command to authorize specific user functions. For more
information about using the aaa authorization command, refer to the chapter “Configuring
Authorization.”
• You may use the aaa accounting command to enable accounting for RADIUS connections. For
more information about using the aaa accounting command, refer to the chapter “Configuring
Accounting.”
• You may use the dialer aaa interface configuration command to create remote site profiles that
contain outgoing call attributes on the AAA server. For more information about using the dialer aaa
command, refer to the section “Configuring Suffix and Password in RADIUS Access Requests” in
this chapter.

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This section describes how to set up RADIUS for authentication, authorization, and accounting on your
network, and includes the following sections:
• Configuring Router to RADIUS Server Communication (Required)
• Configuring Router to Use Vendor-Specific RADIUS Attributes (Optional)
• Configuring Router for Vendor-Proprietary RADIUS Server Communication (Optional)
• Configuring Router to Query RADIUS Server for Static Routes and IP Addresses (Optional)
• Configuring Router to Expand Network Access Server Port Information (Optional)
• Configuring AAA Server Groups (Optional)
• Configuring AAA Server Groups with Deadtime (Optional)
• Configuring AAA DNIS Authentication
• Configuring AAA Server Group Selection Based on DNIS (Optional)
• Configuring AAA Preauthentication
• Configuring a Guard Timer
• Specifying RADIUS Authentication
• Specifying RADIUS Authorization (Optional)
• Specifying RADIUS Accounting (Optional)
• Configuring RADIUS Login-IP-Host (Optional)
• Configuring RADIUS Prompt (Optional)
• Configuring Suffix and Password in RADIUS Access Requests (Optional)
For RADIUS configuration examples using the commands in this chapter, refer to the section “RADIUS
Configuration Examples” at the end of this chapter.

Configuring Router to RADIUS Server Communication

The RADIUS host is normally a multiuser system running RADIUS server software from Cisco
(CiscoSecure ACS), Livingston, Merit, Microsoft, or another software provider. Configuring router to
RADIUS server communication can have several components:
• Host name or IP address
• Authentication destination port
• Accounting destination port
• Timeout period
• Retransmission value
• Key string
RADIUS security servers are identified on the basis of their host name or IP address, host name and
specific UDP port numbers, or IP address and specific UDP port numbers. The combination of the IP
address and UDP port number creates a unique identifier, allowing different ports to be individually
defined as RADIUS hosts providing a specific AAA service. In other words, this unique identifier
enables RADIUS requests to be sent to multiple UDP ports on a server at the same IP address. If two
different host entries on the same RADIUS server are configured for the same service—for example,
accounting—the second host entry configured acts as fail-over backup to the first one. Using this

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example, if the first host entry fails to provide accounting services, the network access server will try the
second host entry configured on the same device for accounting services. (The RADIUS host entries will
be tried in the order they are configured.)
A RADIUS server and a Cisco router use a shared secret text string to encrypt passwords and exchange
responses.To configure RADIUS to use the AAA security commands, you must specify the host running
the RADIUS server daemon and a secret text (key) string that it shares with the router.
The timeout, retransmission, and encryption key values are configurable globally for all RADIUS
servers, on a per-server basis, or in some combination of global and per-server settings. To apply these
settings globally to all RADIUS servers communicating with the router, use the three unique global
commands: radius-server timeout, radius-server retransmit, and radius-server key. To apply these
values on a specific RADIUS server, use the radius-server host command.

Note You can configure both global and per-server timeout, retransmission, and key value commands
simultaneously on the same Cisco network access server. If both global and per-server functions are
configured on a router, the per-server timer, retransmission, and key value commands override global
timer, retransmission, and key value commands.

To configure per-server RADIUS server communication, use the following command in global
configuration mode:

Command Purpose
Router(config)# radius-server host {hostname | Specifies the IP address or host name of the remote RADIUS
ip-address} [auth-port port-number] [acct-port server host and assign authentication and accounting destination
port-number] [timeout seconds] [retransmit
retries] [key string] [alias {hostname |
port numbers. Use the auth-port port-number option to configure
ip address}] a specific UDP port on this RADIUS server to be used solely for
authentication. Use the acct-port port-number option to
configure a specific UDP port on this RADIUS server to be used
solely for accounting. Use the alias keyword to configure up to
eight multiple IP addresses for use when referring to RADIUS
servers.
To configure the network access server to recognize more than
one host entry associated with a single IP address, simply repeat
this command as many times as necessary, making sure that each
UDP port number is different. Set the timeout, retransmit, and
encryption key values to use with the specific RADIUS host.
If no timeout is set, the global value is used; otherwise, enter a
value in the range 1 to 1000. If no retransmit value is set, the
global value is used; otherwise enter a value in the range 1 to
1000. If no key string is specified, the global value is used.
Note The key is a text string that must match the encryption key
used on the RADIUS server. Always configure the key as
the last item in the radius-server host command syntax
because the leading spaces are ignored, but spaces within
and at the end of the key are used. If you use spaces in
your key, do not enclose the key in quotation marks unless
the quotation marks themselves are part of the key.

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To configure global communication settings between the router and a RADIUS server, use the following
radius-server commands in global configuration mode:

Command Purpose
Step 1 Router(config)# radius-server key {0 string | 7 Specifies the shared secret text string used between
string | string} the router and a RADIUS server. Use the 0 line option
to configure an unencrypted shared secret. Use the
7 line option to configure an encrypted shared secret.
Step 2 Router(config)# radius-server retransmit retries Specifies how many times the router transmits each
RADIUS request to the server before giving up (the
default is 3).
Step 3 Router(config)# radius-server timeout seconds Specifies for how many seconds a router waits for a
reply to a RADIUS request before retransmitting the
request.
Step 4 Router(config)# radius-server deadtime minutes Specifies for how many minutes a RADIUS server
that is not responding to authentication requests is
passed over by requests for RADIUS authentication.

Configuring Router to Use Vendor-Specific RADIUS Attributes

The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) draft standard specifies a method for communicating
vendor-specific information between the network access server and the RADIUS server by using the
vendor-specific attribute (attribute 26). Vendor-specific attributes (VSAs) allow vendors to support their
own extended attributes not suitable for general use. The Cisco RADIUS implementation supports one
vendor-specific option using the format recommended in the specification. Cisco’s vendor-ID is 9, and
the supported option has vendor-type 1, which is named “cisco-avpair.” The value is a string of the
following format:
protocol : attribute sep value *

“Protocol” is a value of the Cisco “protocol” attribute for a particular type of authorization; protocols
that can be used include IP, IPX, VPDN, VOIP, SHELL, RSVP, SIP, AIRNET, OUTBOUND. “Attribute”
and “value” are an appropriate attribute-value (AV) pair defined in the Cisco TACACS+ specification,
and “sep” is “=” for mandatory attributes and “*” for optional attributes. This allows the full set of
features available for TACACS+ authorization to also be used for RADIUS.
For example, the following AV pair causes Cisco’s “multiple named ip address pools” feature to be
activated during IP authorization (during PPP’s IPCP address assignment):
cisco-avpair= ”ip:addr-pool=first“

If you insert an “*”, the AV pair “ip:addr-pool=first” becomes optional. Note that any AV pair can be
made optional.
cisco-avpair= ”ip:addr-pool*first“

The following example shows how to cause a user logging in from a network access server to have
immediate access to EXEC commands:
cisco-avpair= ”shell:priv-lvl=15“

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Other vendors have their own unique vendor-IDs, options, and associated VSAs. For more information
about vendor-IDs and VSAs, refer to RFC 2138, Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service
(RADIUS).
To configure the network access server to recognize and use VSAs, use the following command in global
configuration mode:

Command Purpose
Router(config)# radius-server vsa send Enables the network access server to recognize and use VSAs as
[accounting | authentication] defined by RADIUS IETF attribute 26.

For a complete list of RADIUS attributes or more information about vendor-specific attribute 26, refer
to the appendix “RADIUS Attributes.”

Configuring Router for Vendor-Proprietary RADIUS Server Communication

Although an Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) draft standard for RADIUS specifies a method for
communicating vendor-proprietary information between the network access server and the RADIUS
server, some vendors have extended the RADIUS attribute set in a unique way. Cisco IOS software
supports a subset of vendor-proprietary RADIUS attributes.
As mentioned earlier, to configure RADIUS (whether vendor-proprietary or IETF draft-compliant), you
must specify the host running the RADIUS server daemon and the secret text string it shares with the
Cisco device. You specify the RADIUS host and secret text string by using the radius-server commands.
To identify that the RADIUS server is using a vendor-proprietary implementation of RADIUS, use the
radius-server host non-standard command. Vendor-proprietary attributes will not be supported unless
you use the radius-server host non-standard command.
To specify a vendor-proprietary RADIUS server host and a shared secret text string, use the following
commands in global configuration mode:

Command Purpose
Step 1 Router(config)# radius-server host Specifies the IP address or host name of the remote
{hostname | ip-address} non-standard RADIUS server host and identifies that it is using a
vendor-proprietary implementation of RADIUS.
Step 2 Router(config)# radius-server key {0 string | Specifies the shared secret text string used between
7 string | string} the router and the vendor-proprietary RADIUS
server. The router and the RADIUS server use this
text string to encrypt passwords and exchange
responses.

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Configuring Router to Query RADIUS Server for Static Routes and IP Addresses
Some vendor-proprietary implementations of RADIUS let the user define static routes and IP pool
definitions on the RADIUS server instead of on each individual network access server in the network.
Each network access server then queries the RADIUS server for static route and IP pool information.
To have the Cisco router or access server query the RADIUS server for static routes and IP pool
definitions when the device first starts up, use the following command in global configuration mode:

Command Purpose
Router(config)# radius-server configure-nas Tells the Cisco router or access server to query the RADIUS
server for the static routes and IP pool definitions used throughout
its domain.

Note Because the radius-server configure-nas command is performed when the Cisco router starts up, it
will not take effect until you issue a copy system:running config nvram:startup-config command.

Configuring Router to Expand Network Access Server Port Information

There are some situations when PPP or login authentication occurs on an interface different from the
interface on which the call itself comes in. For example, in a V.120 ISDN call, login or PPP
authentication occurs on a virtual asynchronous interface “ttt” but the call itself occurs on one of the
channels of the ISDN interface.
The radius-server attribute nas-port extended command configures RADIUS to expand the size of the
NAS-Port attribute (RADIUS IETF attribute 5) field to 32 bits. The upper 16 bits of the NAS-Port
attribute display the type and number of the controlling interface; the lower 16 bits indicate the interface
undergoing authentication.
To display expanded interface information in the NAS-Port attribute field, use the following command
in global configuration mode:

Command Purpose
Router(config)# radius-server attribute nas-port Expands the size of the NAS-Port attribute from 16 to 32 bits to
format display extended interface information.

Note This command replaces the radius-server extended-portnames command and the radius-server
attribute nas-port extended command.

On platforms with multiple interfaces (ports) per slot, the Cisco RADIUS implementation will not
provide a unique NAS-Port attribute that permits distinguishing between the interfaces. For example, if
a dual PRI interface is in slot 1, calls on both Serial1/0:1 and Serial1/1:1 will appear as
NAS-Port = 20101.
Once again, this is because of the 16-bit field size limitation associated with RADIUS IETF NAS-Port
attribute. In this case, the solution is to replace the NAS-Port attribute with a vendor-specific attribute
(RADIUS IETF attribute 26). Cisco's vendor-ID is 9, and the Cisco-NAS-Port attribute is subtype 2.

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Vendor-specific attributes (VSAs) can be turned on by entering the radius-server vsa send command.
The port information in this attribute is provided and configured using the aaa nas port extended
command.
To replace the NAS-Port attribute with RADIUS IETF attribute 26 and to display extended field
information, use the following commands in global configuration mode:

Command Purpose
Step 1 Router(config)# radius-server vsa send Enables the network access server to recognize and
[accounting | authentication] use vendor-specific attributes as defined by RADIUS
IETF attribute 26.
Step 2 Router(config)# aaa nas port extended Expands the size of the VSA NAS-Port field from 16
to 32 bits to display extended interface information.

The standard NAS-Port attribute (RADIUS IETF attribute 5) will continue to be sent. If you do not want
this information to be sent, you can suppress it by using the no radius-server attribute nas-port
command. When this command is configured, the standard NAS-Port attribute will no longer be sent.
For a complete list of RADIUS attributes, refer to the appendix “RADIUS Attributes.”
For information about configuring RADIUS port identification for PPP, see the Cisco IOS Wide-Area
Networking Configuration Guide.

Configuring AAA Server Groups

Configuring the router to use AAA server groups provides a way to group existing server hosts. This
allows you to select a subset of the configured server hosts and use them for a particular service. A server
group is used in conjunction with a global server-host list. The server group lists the IP addresses of the
selected server hosts.
Server groups also can include multiple host entries for the same server, as long as each entry has a
unique identifier. The combination of an IP address and a UDP port number creates a unique identifier,
allowing different ports to be individually defined as RADIUS hosts providing a specific AAA service.
In other words, this unique identifier enables RADIUS requests to be sent to different UDP ports on a
server at the same IP address. If two different host entries on the same RADIUS server are configured
for the same service—for example, accounting—the second host entry configured acts as failover backup
to the first one. Using this example, if the first host entry fails to provide accounting services, the
network access server will try the second host entry configured on the same device for accounting
services. (The RADIUS host entries will be tried in the order in which they are configured.)

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To define a server host with a server group name, enter the following commands in global configuration
mode. The listed server must exist in global configuration mode:

Command Purpose
Step 1 Router(config)# radius-server host Specifies and defines the IP address of the server host
{hostname | ip-address} [auth-port port-number] before configuring the AAA server-group. Refer to
[acct-port port-number] [timeout seconds]
[retransmit retries] [key string] [alias {hostname |
the section “Configuring Router to RADIUS Server
ip address}] Communication” of this chapter for more information
on the radius-server host command.
Step 2 Router(config-if)# aaa group server Defines the AAA server group with a group name. All
{radius | tacacs+} group-name members of a group must be the same type; that is,
RADIUS or TACACS+. This command puts the
router in server group subconfiguration mode.
Step 3 Router(config-sg)# server ip-address Associates a particular RADIUS server with the
[auth-port port-number] [acct-port port-number] defined server group. Each security server is
identified by its IP address and UDP port number.
Repeat this step for each RADIUS server in the AAA
server group.
Note Each server in the group must be defined
previously using the radius-server host
command.

Configuring AAA Server Groups with Deadtime

After you have configured a server host with a server name, you can use the deadtime command to
configure each server per server group. Configuring deadtime within a server group allows you to direct
AAA traffic to separate groups of servers that have different operational characteristics.
Configuring deadtime is no longer limited to a global configuration. A separate timer has been attached
to each server host in every server group. Therefore, when a server is found to be unresponsive after
numerous retransmissions and timeouts, the server is assumed to be dead. The timers attached to each
server host in all server groups are triggered. In essence, the timers are checked and subsequent requests
to a server (once it is assumed to be dead) are directed to alternate timers, if configured. When the
network access server receives a reply from the server, it checks and stops all configured timers (if
running) for that server in all server groups.
If the timer has expired, only the server to which the timer is attached is assumed to be alive. This
becomes the only server that can be tried for later AAA requests using the server groups to which the
timer belongs.

Note Since one server has different timers and may have different deadtime values configured in the server
groups, the same server may in the future have different states (dead and alive) at the same time.

Note To change the state of a server, you must start and stop all configured timers in all server groups.

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The size of the server group will be slightly increased because of the addition of new timers and the
deadtime attribute. The overall impact of the structure depends on the number and size of the server
groups and how the servers are shared among server groups in a specific configuration.
To configure deadtime within a server group, use the following commands beginning in global
configuration mode:

Command Purpose
Step 1 Router(config)# aaa group server radius group1 Defines a RADIUS type server group.
Step 2 Router(config-sg)# deadtime 1 Configures and defines deadtime value in minutes.
Note Local server group deadtime will override
the global configuration. If omitted from
the local server group configuration, the
value will be inherited from the master
list.

Step 3 Router(config-sg)# exit Exits server group configuration mode.

Configuring AAA DNIS Authentication

DNIS preauthentication enables preauthentication at call setup based on the number dialed. The DNIS
number is sent directly to the security server when a call is received. If authenticated by AAA, the call
is accepted.
To configure DNIS authentication, perform the following tasks in global configuration mode:

Command Purpose
Step 1 Router# config term Enters global configuration mode.
Step 2 Router(config)# aaa preauth Enters AAA preauthentication mode.
Step 3 Router(config-preauth)# group {radius | tacacs+ | (Optional) Selects the security server to
server-group} use for AAA preauthentication requests.
The default is RADIUS.
Step 4 Router(config-preauth)# dnis [password string] Enables preauthentication using DNIS
and optionally specifies a password to
use in Access-Request packets.

Configuring AAA Server Group Selection Based on DNIS

Cisco IOS software allows you to assign a Dialed Number Identification Service (DNIS) number to a
particular AAA server group so that the server group can process authentication, authorization, and
accounting requests for users dialing in to the network using that particular DNIS. Any phone line (a
regular home phone or a commercial T1/PRI line) can be associated with several phone numbers. The
DNIS number identifies the number that was called to reach you.
For example, suppose you want to share the same phone number with several customers, but you want
to know which customer is calling before you pick up the phone. You can customize how you answer the
phone because DNIS allows you to know which customer is calling when you answer.

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Cisco routers with either ISDN or internal modems can receive the DNIS number. This functionality
allows users to assign different RADIUS server groups for different customers (that is, different
RADIUS servers for different DNIS numbers). Additionally, using server groups you can specify the
same server group for AAA services or a separate server group for each AAA service.
Cisco IOS software provides the flexibility to implement authentication and accounting services in
several ways:
• Globally—AAA services are defined using global configuration access list commands and applied
in general to all interfaces on a specific network access server.
• Per Interface—AAA services are defined using interface configuration commands and applied
specifically to the interface being configured on a specific network access server.
• DNIS mapping—You can use DNIS to specify an AAA server to supply AAA services.
Because each of these AAA configuration methods can be configured simultaneously, Cisco has
established an order of precedence to determine which server or groups of servers provide AAA services.
The order of precedence is as follows:
• Per DNIS—If you configure the network access server to use DNIS to identify/determine which
server group provides AAA services, then this method takes precedence over any additional AAA
selection method.
• Per interface—If you configure the network access server per interface to use access lists to
determine how a server provides AAA services, this method takes precedence over any global
configuration AAA access lists.
• Globally—If you configure the network access server by using global AAA access lists to determine
how the security server provides AAA services, this method has the least precedence.

Note Prior to configuring AAA Server Group Selection Based on DNIS, you must configure the list of
RADIUS server hosts and configure the AAA server groups. See the sections “Configuring Router
to RADIUS Server Communication” and “Configuring AAA Server Groups” of this chapter.

To configure the router to select a particular AAA server group based on the DNIS of the server group,
configure DNIS mapping. To map a server group with a group name with DNIS number, use the
following commands in global configuration mode:

Command Purpose
Step 1 Router(config)# aaa dnis map enable Enables DNIS mapping.
Step 2 Router(config)# aaa dnis map dnis-number Maps a DNIS number to a defined AAA server group;
authentication ppp group server-group-name the servers in this server group are being used for
authentication.
Step 3 Router(config)# aaa dnis map dnis-number Maps a DNIS number to a defined AAA server group;
authorization network group server-group-name the servers in this server group are being used for
authorization.
Step 4 Router(config)# aaa dnis map dnis-number accounting Maps a DNIS number to a defined AAA server group;
network [none | start-stop | stop-only] group the servers in this server group are being used for
server-group-name
accounting.

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Configuring AAA Preauthentication

Configuring AAA preauthentication with ISDN PRI or channel-associated signalling (CAS) allows
service providers to better manage ports using their existing RADIUS solutions and efficiently manage
the use of shared resources to offer differing service-level agreements. With ISDN PRI or CAS,
information about an incoming call is available to the network access server (NAS) before the call is
connected. The available call information includes the following:
• The Dialed Number Identification Service (DNIS) number, also referred to as the called number
• The Calling Line Identification (CLID) number, also referred to as the calling number
• The call type, also referred to as the bearer capability
This feature allows a Cisco NAS to decide—on the basis of the DNIS number, the CLID number, or the
call type—whether to connect an incoming call. (With ISDN PRI, it enables user authentication and
authorization before a call is answered. With CAS, the call must be answered; however, the call can be
dropped if preauthentication fails.)
When an incoming call arrives from the public network switch, but before it is connected, AAA
preauthentication enables the NAS to send the DNIS number, CLID number, and call type to a RADIUS
server for authorization. If the server authorizes the call, then the NAS accepts the call. If the server does
not authorize the call, then the NAS sends a disconnect message to the public network switch to reject
the call.
In the event that the RADIUS server application becomes unavailable or is slow to respond, a guard timer
can be set in the NAS. When the timer expires, the NAS uses a configurable parameter to accept or reject
the incoming call that has no authorization.
This feature supports the use of attribute 44 by the RADIUS server application and the use of RADIUS
attributes that are configured in the RADIUS preauthentication profiles to specify preauthentication
behavior. They may also be used, for instance, to specify whether subsequent authentication should
occur and, if so, what authentication method should be used.
The following restrictions apply to AAA preauthentication with ISDN PRI and CAS:
• Attribute 44 is available for CAS calls only when preauthentication or resource pooling is enabled.
• MMP is not available with ISDN PRI.
• AAA preauthentication is available only on the Cisco AS5300, Cisco AS5400, and Cisco AS5800
platforms.

Note Prior to configuring AAA preauthentication, you must enable the aaa new-model command and
make sure the supporting preauthentication application is running on a RADIUS server in your
network.

To configure AAA preauthentication, use the following commands beginning in global configuration
mode:

Command Purpose
Step 1 Router(config)# aaa preauth Enters AAA preauthentication configuration
mode.
Step 2 Router(config-preauth)# group server-group Specifies the AAA RADIUS server group to use
for preauthentication.

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Command Purpose
Step 3 Router(config-preauth)# clid [if-avail | required] Preauthenticates calls on the basis of the CLID
[accept-stop] [password string] number.
Step 4 Router(config-preauth)# ctype [if-avail | required] Preauthenticates calls on the basis of the call type.
[accept-stop] [password string]
Step 5 Router(config-preauth)# dnis [if-avail | required] Preauthenticates calls on the basis of the DNIS
[accept-stop] [password string] number.
Step 6 Router(config-preauth)# dnis bypass {dnis-group-name} Specifies a group of DNIS numbers that will be
bypassed for preauthentication.

To configure DNIS preauthentication, use the following commands beginning in global configuration
mode:

Command Purpose
Step 1 Router(config)# aaa preauth Enters AAA preauthentication mode.
Step 2 Router(config-preauth)# group {radius | tacacs+ | (Optional) Selects the security server to use for
server-group} AAA preauthentication requests. The default is
RADIUS.
Step 3 Router(config-preauth)# dnis [password string] Enables preauthentication using DNIS and
optionally specifies a password to use in
Access-Request packets.

In addition to configuring preauthentication on your Cisco router, you must set up the preauthentication
profiles on the RADIUS server. For information on setting up the preauthentication profiles, see the
following sections:
• Setting Up the RADIUS Profile for DNIS or CLID Preauthentication
• Setting Up the RADIUS Profile for Call Type Preauthentication
• Setting Up the RADIUS Profile for Preauthentication Enhancements for Callback
• Setting Up the RADIUS Profile for a Remote Host Name Used for Large-Scale Dial-Out
• Setting Up the RADIUS Profile for Modem Management
• Setting Up the RADIUS Profile for Subsequent Authentication
• Setting Up the RADIUS Profile for Subsequent Authentication Type
• Setting Up the RADIUS Profile to Include the Username
• Setting Up the RADIUS Profile for Two-Way Authentication
• Setting Up the RADIUS Profile to Support Authorization

Setting Up the RADIUS Profile for DNIS or CLID Preauthentication

To set up the RADIUS preauthentication profile, use the DNIS or CLID number as the username, and use
the password defined in the dnis or clid command as the password.

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Note The preauthentication profile must have “outbound” as the service type because the password is
predefined on the NAS. Setting up the preauthentication profile in this manner prevents users from
trying to log in to the NAS with the username of the DNIS number, CLID number, or call type and
an obvious password. The “outbound” service type is also included in the access-request packet sent
to the RADIUS server.

Setting Up the RADIUS Profile for Call Type Preauthentication

To set up the RADIUS preauthentication profile, use the call type string as the username, and use the
password defined in the ctype command as the password. The following table shows the call type strings
that may be used in the preauthentication profile:

Call Type String ISDN Bearer Capabilities

digital Unrestricted digital, restricted digital.
speech Speech, 3.1 kHz audio, 7 kHz audio.
Note This is the only call type available for CAS.

v.110 Anything with V.110 user information layer.

v.120 Anything with V.120 user information layer.

Note The preauthentication profile must have “outbound” as the service type because the password is
predefined on the NAS. Setting up the preauthentication profile in this manner prevents users from
trying to log in to the NAS with the username of the DNIS number, CLID number, or call type and
an obvious password. The “outbound” service type is also included in the access-request packet sent
to the RADIUS server and should be a check-in item if the RADIUS server supports check-in items.

Setting Up the RADIUS Profile for Preauthentication Enhancements for Callback

Callback allows remote network users such as telecommuters to dial in to the NAS without being
charged. When callback is required, the NAS hangs up the current call and dials the caller back. When
the NAS performs the callback, only information for the outgoing connection is applied. The rest of the
attributes from the preauthentication access-accept message are discarded.

Note The destination IP address is not required to be returned from the RADIUS server.

The following example shows a RADIUS profile configuration with a callback number of 555-1111 and
the service type set to outbound. The cisco-avpair = “preauth:send-name=<string>” uses the string
“andy” and the cisco-avpair = “preauth:send-secret=<string>” uses the password “cisco.”
5551111 password = “cisco”, Service-Type = Outbound
Service-Type = Callback-Framed
Framed-Protocol = PPP,
Dialback-No = “5551212”
Class = “ISP12”
cisco-avpair = “preauth:send-name=andy”
cisco-avpair = “preauth:send-secret=cisco”

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Setting Up the RADIUS Profile for a Remote Host Name Used for Large-Scale Dial-Out
The following example adds to the previous example by protecting against accidentally calling a valid
telephone number but accessing the wrong router by providing the name of the remote, for use in
large-scale dial-out:
5551111 password = "cisco", Service-Type = Outbound
Service-Type = Callback-Framed
Framed-Protocol = PPP,
Dialback-No = "5551212"
Class = "ISP12"
cisco-avpair = "preauth:send-name=andy"
cisco-avpair = "preauth:send-secret=cisco"
cisco-avpair = "preauth:remote-name=Router2"

Setting Up the RADIUS Profile for Modem Management

When DNIS, CLID, or call type preauthentication is used, the affirmative response from the RADIUS
server may include a modem string for modem management in the NAS through vendor-specific attribute
(VSA) 26. The modem management VSA has the following syntax:
cisco-avpair = “preauth:modem-service=modem min-speed <x> max-speed <y>
modulation <z> error-correction <a> compression <b>”

The modem management string within the VSA may contain the following:

Command Argument
min-speed <300 to 56000>, any
max-speed <300 to 56000>, any
modulation K56Flex, v22bis, v32bis, v34, v90, any
error-correction lapm, mnp4
compression mnp5, v42bis

When the modem management string is received from the RADIUS server in the form of a VSA, the
information is passed to the Cisco IOS software and applied on a per-call basis. Modem ISDN channel
aggregation (MICA) modems provide a control channel through which messages can be sent during the
call setup time. Hence, this modem management feature is supported only with MICA modems and
newer technologies. This feature is not supported with Microcom modems.
For more information on modem management, refer to the “Modem Configuration and Management”
chapter of the Cisco IOS Dial Technologies Configuration Guide, Release 12.2.

Setting Up the RADIUS Profile for Subsequent Authentication

If preauthentication passes, you may use vendor-proprietary RADIUS attribute 201 (Require-Auth) in
the preauthentication profile to determine whether subsequent authentication is to be performed. If
attribute 201, returned in the access-accept message, has a value of 0, then subsequent authentication
will not be performed. If attribute 201 has a value of 1, then subsequent authentication will be performed
as usual.

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Attribute 201 has the following syntax:

cisco-avpair = “preauth:auth-required=<n>”

where <n> has the same value range as attribute 201 (that is, 0 or 1).
If attribute 201 is missing in the preauthentication profile, then a value of 1 is assumed, and subsequent
authentication is performed.

Note To perform subsequent authentication, you must set up a regular user profile in addition to a
preauthentication profile.

Setting Up the RADIUS Profile for Subsequent Authentication Type

If you have specified subsequent authentication in the preauthentication profile, you must also specify
the authentication types to be used for subsequent authentication. To specify the authentication types
allowed in subsequent authentication, use the following VSA:
cisco-avpair = “preauth:auth-type=<string>”

where <string> can be one of the following:

String Description
chap Requires username and password of CHAP for PPP authentication.
ms-chap Requires username and password of MS-CHAP for PPP authentication.
pap Requires username and password of PAP for PPP authentication.

To specify that multiple authentication types are allowed, you can configure more than one instance of
this VSA in the preauthentication profile. The sequence of the authentication type VSAs in the
preauthentication profile is significant because it specifies the order of authentication types to be used
in the PPP negotiation.
This VSA is a per-user attribute and replaces the authentication type list in the ppp authentication
interface command.

Note You should use this VSA only if subsequent authentication is required because it specifies the
authentication type for subsequent authentication.

Setting Up the RADIUS Profile to Include the Username

If only preauthentication is used to authenticate a call, the NAS could be missing a username when it
brings up the call. RADIUS may provide a username for the NAS to use through RADIUS attribute 1
(User-Name) or through a VSA returned in the access-accept packet. The VSA for specifying the
username has the following syntax:
cisco-avpair = “preauth:username=<string>”

If no username is specified, the DNIS number, CLID number, or call type is used, depending on the last
preauthentication command that has been configured (for example, if clid was the last preauthentication
command configured, the CLID number will be used as the username).

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If subsequent authentication is used to authenticate a call, there might be two usernames: one provided
by RADIUS and one provided by the user. In this case, the username provided by the user overrides the
one contained in the RADIUS preauthentication profile; the username provided by the user is used for
both authentication and accounting.

Setting Up the RADIUS Profile for Two-Way Authentication

In the case of two-way authentication, the calling networking device will need to authenticate the NAS.
The Password Authentication Protocol (PAP) username and password or Challenge Handshake
Authentication Protocol (CHAP) username and password need not be configured locally on the NAS.
Instead, username and password can be included in the access-accept messages for preauthentication.

Note The ppp authentication command must be configured with the radius method.

To apply for PAP, do not configure the ppp pap sent-name password command on the interface. The
vendor-specific attributes (VSAs) “preauth:send-name” and “preauth:send-secret” will be used as the
PAP username and PAP password for outbound authentication.
For CHAP, “preauth:send-name” will be used not only for outbound authentication, but also for inbound
authentication. For a CHAP inbound case, the NAS will use the name defined in “preauth:send-name”
in the challenge packet to the caller networking device. For a CHAP outbound case, both
“preauth:send-name” and “preauth:send-secret” will be used in the response packet.
The following example shows a configuration that specifies two-way authentication:
5551111 password = "cisco", Service-Type = Outbound
Service-Type = Framed-User
cisco-avpair = "preauth:auth-required=1"
cisco-avpair = "preauth:auth-type=pap"
cisco-avpair = "preauth:send-name=andy"
cisco-avpair = "preauth:send-secret=cisco"
class = "<some class>"

Note Two-way authentication does not work when resource pooling is enabled.

Setting Up the RADIUS Profile to Support Authorization

If only preauthentication is configured, then subsequent authentication will be bypassed. Note that
because the username and password are not available, authorization will also be bypassed. However, you
may include authorization attributes in the preauthentication profile to apply per-user attributes and
avoid having to return subsequently to RADIUS for authorization. To initiate the authorization process,
you must also configure the aaa authorization network command on the NAS.
You may configure authorization attributes in the preauthentication profile with one exception: the
service-type attribute (attribute 6). The service-type attribute must be converted to a VSA in the
preauthentication profile. This VSA has the following syntax:
cisco-avpair = “preauth:service-type=<n>”

where <n> is one of the standard RFC 2138 values for attribute 6. For a list of possible Service-Type
values, refer to the appendix RADIUS Attributes.

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Note If subsequent authentication is required, the authorization attributes in the preauthentication profile
will not be applied.

Configuring a Guard Timer

Because response times for preauthentication and authentication requests can vary, the guard timer
allows you to control the handling of calls. The guard timer starts when the DNIS is sent to the RADIUS
server. If the NAS does not receive a response from AAA before the guard timer expires, it accepts or
rejects the calls on the basis of the configuration of the timer.
To set a guard timer to accept or reject a call in the event that the RADIUS server fails to respond to an
authentication or preauthentication request, use one of the following commands in interface
configuration mode:

Command Purpose
Router(config-if)# isdn guard-timer milliseconds Sets an ISDN guard timer to accept or reject a call in the
[on-expiry {accept | reject}] event that the RADIUS server fails to respond to a
preauthentication request.
Router(control-config)# call guard-timer milliseconds Sets a CAS guard timer to accept or reject a call in the event
[on-expiry {accept | reject}] that the RADIUS server fails to respond to a
preauthentication request.

Specifying RADIUS Authentication

After you have identified the RADIUS server and defined the RADIUS authentication key, you must
define method lists for RADIUS authentication. Because RADIUS authentication is facilitated through
AAA, you must enter the aaa authentication command, specifying RADIUS as the authentication
method. For more information, refer to the chapter “Configuring Authentication.”

Specifying RADIUS Authorization

AAA authorization lets you set parameters that restrict a user’s access to the network. Authorization
using RADIUS provides one method for remote access control, including one-time authorization or
authorization for each service, per-user account list and profile, user group support, and support of IP,
IPX, ARA, and Telnet. Because RADIUS authorization is facilitated through AAA, you must issue the
aaa authorization command, specifying RADIUS as the authorization method. For more information,
refer to the chapter “Configuring Authorization.”

Specifying RADIUS Accounting

The AAA accounting feature enables you to track the services users are accessing as well as the amount
of network resources they are consuming. Because RADIUS accounting is facilitated through AAA, you
must issue the aaa accounting command, specifying RADIUS as the accounting method. For more
information, refer to the chapter “Configuring Accounting.”

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Configuring RADIUS Login-IP-Host

To enable the network access server to attempt more than one login host when trying to connect a dial
in user, you can enter as many as three Login-IP-Host entries in the user’s profile on the RADIUS server.
The following example shows that three Login-IP-Host instances have been configured for the user
joeuser, and that TCP-Clear will be used for the connection:
joeuser Password = xyz
Service-Type = Login,
Login-Service = TCP-Clear,
Login-IP-Host = 10.0.0.0,
Login-IP-Host = 10.2.2.2,
Login-IP-Host = 10.255.255.255,
Login-TCP-Port = 23

The order in which the hosts are entered is the order in which they are attempted. Use the
ip tcp synwait-time command to set the number of seconds that the network access server waits before
trying to connect to the next host on the list; the default is 30 seconds.
Your RADIUS server might permit more than three Login-IP-Host entries; however, the network access
server supports only three hosts in access-accept packets.

Configuring RADIUS Prompt

To control whether user responses to access-challenge packets are echoed to the screen, you can
configure the Prompt attribute in the user profile on the RADIUS server. This attribute is included only
in access-challenge packets. The following example shows the Prompt attribute set to No-Echo, which
prevents the user's responses from echoing:
joeuser Password = xyz
Service-Type = Login,
Login-Service = Telnet,
Prompt = No-Echo,
Login-IP-Host = 172.31.255.255

To allow user responses to echo, set the attribute to Echo. If the Prompt attribute is not included in the
user profile, responses are echoed by default.
This attribute overrides the behavior of the radius-server challenge-noecho command configured on
the access server. For example, if the access server is configured to suppress echoing, but the individual
user profile allows echoing, then the user responses are echoed.

Note To use the Prompt attribute, your RADIUS server must be configured to support access-challenge
packets.

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Configuring Suffix and Password in RADIUS Access Requests

Large-scale dial-out eliminates the need to configure dialer maps on every NAS for every destination.
Instead, you can create remote site profiles that contain outgoing call attributes on the AAA server. The
profile is downloaded by the NAS when packet traffic requires a call to be placed to a remote site.
You can configure the username in the access-request message to RADIUS. The default suffix of the
username, “-out,” is appended to the username. The format for composing the username attribute is IP
address plus configured suffix.
To provide username configuration capability for large-scale dial-out, the dialer aaa command is
implemented with the new suffix and password keywords.

Command Purpose
Step 1 Router(config)# aaa new-model Enables the AAA access control model.
Step 2 Router(config)# aaa route download min Enables the download static route feature and sets the
amount of time between downloads.
Step 3 Router(config)# aaa authorization configuration Downloads static route configuration information
default from the AAA server using TACACS+ or RADIUS.
Step 4 Router(config)# interface dialer 1 Defines a dialer rotary group.
Step 5 Router(config-if)# dialer aaa Allows a dialer to access the AAA server for dialing
information.
Step 6 Router(config-if)# dialer aaa suffix suffix password Allows a dialer to access the AAA server for dialing
password information and specifies a suffix and nondefault
password for authentication.

Monitoring and Maintaining RADIUS

To monitor and maintain RADIUS, use the following commands in privileged EXEC mode:

Command Purpose
Router# debug radius Displays information associated with RADIUS.
Router# show radius statistics Displays the RADIUS statistics for accounting and
authentication packets.

RADIUS Attributes
The network access server monitors the RADIUS authorization and accounting functions defined by
RADIUS attributes in each user-profile. For a list of supported RADIUS attributes, refer to the appendix
“RADIUS Attributes.”
This section includes the following sections:
• Vendor-Proprietary RADIUS Attributes
• RADIUS Tunnel Attributes

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Vendor-Proprietary RADIUS Attributes

An Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) draft standard for RADIUS specifies a method for
communicating vendor-proprietary information between the network access server and the RADIUS
server. Some vendors, nevertheless, have extended the RADIUS attribute set in a unique way. Cisco IOS
software supports a subset of vendor-proprietary RADIUS attributes. For a list of supported
vendor-proprietary RADIUS attributes, refer to the appendix “RADIUS Attributes.”

RADIUS Tunnel Attributes

RADIUS is a security server authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA) protocol originally
developed by Livingston, Inc. RADIUS uses attribute value (AV) pairs to communicate information
between the security server and the network access server. RFC 2138 and RFC 2139 describe the basic
functionality of RADIUS and the original set of Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)-standard AV
pairs used to send AAA information. Two draft IETF standards, “RADIUS Attributes for Tunnel
Protocol Support” and “RADIUS Accounting Modifications for Tunnel Protocol Support,” extend the
IETF-defined set of AV pairs to include attributes specific to virtual private networks (VPNs); these
attributes are used to carry the tunneling information between the RADIUS server and the
tunnel initiator. RFC 2865 and RFC 2868 extend the IETF-defined set of AV pairs to include attributes
specific to compulsory tunneling in VPNs by allowing the user to specify authentication names for the
network access server and the RADIUS server.
Cisco routers and access servers now support new RADIUS IETF-standard VPDN tunnel attributes.
These new RADIUS IETF-standard attributes are listed in the “RADIUS Attributes” appendix. Refer to
the following three configuration examples later in this chapter:
• RADIUS User Profile with RADIUS Tunneling Attributes Example
• L2TP Access Concentrator Examples
• L2TP Network Server Examples
For more information about L2F, L2TP, VPN, or VPDN, refer to the Cisco IOS Dial Technologies
Configuration Guide, Release 12.2.

RADIUS Configuration Examples

The following sections provide RADIUS configuration examples:
• RADIUS Authentication and Authorization Example
• RADIUS Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting Example
• Vendor-Proprietary RADIUS Configuration Example
• RADIUS Server with Server-Specific Values Example
• Multiple RADIUS Servers with Global and Server-Specific Values Example
• Multiple RADIUS Server Entries for the Same Server IP Address Example
• RADIUS Server Group Examples
• Multiple RADIUS Server Entries Using AAA Server Groups Example
• AAA Server Group Selection Based on DNIS Example
• AAA Preauthentication Examples

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• RADIUS User Profile with RADIUS Tunneling Attributes Example

• Guard Timer Examples
• L2TP Access Concentrator Examples
• L2TP Network Server Examples

RADIUS Authentication and Authorization Example

The following example shows how to configure the router to authenticate and authorize using RADIUS:
aaa authentication login use-radius group radius local
aaa authentication ppp user-radius if-needed group radius
aaa authorization exec default group radius
aaa authorization network default group radius

The lines in this sample RADIUS authentication and authorization configuration are defined as follows:
• The aaa authentication login use-radius group radius local command configures the router to use
RADIUS for authentication at the login prompt. If RADIUS returns an error, the user is
authenticated using the local database. In this example, use-radius is the name of the method list,
which specifies RADIUS and then local authentication.
• The aaa authentication ppp user-radius if-needed group radius command configures the
Cisco IOS software to use RADIUS authentication for lines using PPP with CHAP or PAP if the user
has not already been authorized. If the EXEC facility has authenticated the user, RADIUS
authentication is not performed. In this example, user-radius is the name of the method list defining
RADIUS as the if-needed authentication method.
• The aaa authorization exec default group radius command sets the RADIUS information that is
used for EXEC authorization, autocommands, and access lists.
• The aaa authorization network default group radius command sets RADIUS for network
authorization, address assignment, and access lists.

RADIUS Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting Example

The following example shows a general configuration using RADIUS with the AAA command set:
radius-server host 123.45.1.2
radius-server key myRaDiUSpassWoRd
username root password ALongPassword
aaa authentication ppp dialins group radius local
aaa authorization network default group radius local
aaa accounting network default start-stop group radius
aaa authentication login admins local
aaa authorization exec default local
line 1 16
autoselect ppp
autoselect during-login
login authentication admins
modem ri-is-cd
interface group-async 1
encaps ppp
ppp authentication pap dialins

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The lines in this example RADIUS authentication, authorization, and accounting configuration are
defined as follows:
• The radius-server host command defines the IP address of the RADIUS server host.
• The radius-server key command defines the shared secret text string between the network access
server and the RADIUS server host.
• The aaa authentication ppp dialins group radius local command defines the authentication
method list “dialins,” which specifies that RADIUS authentication and then (if the RADIUS server
does not respond) local authentication will be used on serial lines using PPP.
• The ppp authentication pap dialins command applies the “dialins” method list to the lines
specified.
• The aaa authorization network default group radius local command is used to assign an address
and other network parameters to the RADIUS user.
• The aaa accounting network default start-stop group radius command tracks PPP usage.
• The aaa authentication login admins local command defines another method list, “admins,” for
login authentication.
• The login authentication admins command applies the “admins” method list for login
authentication.

Vendor-Proprietary RADIUS Configuration Example

The following example shows a general configuration using vendor-proprietary RADIUS with the AAA
command set:
radius-server host alcatraz non-standard
radius-server key myRaDiUSpassWoRd
radius-server configure-nas
username root password ALongPassword
aaa authentication ppp dialins group radius local
aaa authorization network default group radius local
aaa accounting network default start-stop group radius
aaa authentication login admins local
aaa authorization exec default local
line 1 16
autoselect ppp
autoselect during-login
login authentication admins
modem ri-is-cd
interface group-async 1
encaps ppp
ppp authentication pap dialins

The lines in this example RADIUS authentication, authorization, and accounting configuration are
defined as follows:
• The radius-server host non-standard command defines the name of the RADIUS server host and
identifies that this RADIUS host uses a vendor-proprietary version of RADIUS.
• The radius-server key command defines the shared secret text string between the network access
server and the RADIUS server host.
• The radius-server configure-nas command defines that the Cisco router or access server will query
the RADIUS server for static routes and IP pool definitions when the device first starts up.

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• The aaa authentication ppp dialins group radius local command defines the authentication
method list “dialins,” which specifies that RADIUS authentication, and then (if the RADIUS server
does not respond) local authentication will be used on serial lines using PPP.
• The ppp authentication pap dialins command applies the “dialins” method list to the lines
specified.
• The aaa authorization network default group radius local command is used to assign an address
and other network parameters to the RADIUS user.
• The aaa accounting network default start-stop group radius command tracks PPP usage.
• The aaa authentication login admins local command defines another method list, “admins,” for
login authentication.
• The login authentication admins command applies the “admins” method list for login
authentication.

RADIUS Server with Server-Specific Values Example

The following example shows how to configure server-specific timeout, retransmit, and key values for
the RADIUS server with IP address 172.31.39.46:
radius-server host 172.31.39.46 timeout 6 retransmit 5 key rad123

Multiple RADIUS Servers with Global and Server-Specific Values Example

The following example shows how to configure two RADIUS servers with specific timeout, retransmit,
and key values. In this example, the aaa new-model command enables AAA services on the router,
while specific AAA commands define the AAA services. The radius-server retransmit command
changes the global retransmission value to 4 for all RADIUS servers. The radius-server host command
configures specific timeout, retransmission, and key values for the RADIUS server hosts with IP
addresses 172.16.1.1 and 172.29.39.46.
! Enable AAA services on the router and define those services.
aaa new-model
aaa authentication login default group radius
aaa authentication login console-login none
aaa authentication ppp default group radius
aaa authorization network default group radius
aaa accounting exec default start-stop group radius
aaa accounting network default start-stop group radius
enable password tryit1
!
! Change the global retransmission value for all RADIUS servers.
radius-server retransmit 4
!
! Configure per-server specific timeout, retransmission, and key values.
! Change the default auth-port and acct-port values.
radius-server host 172.16.1.1 auth-port 1612 acct-port 1616 timeout 3 retransmit 3 key
radkey
!
! Configure per-server specific timeout and key values. This server uses the global
! retransmission value.
radius-server host 172.29.39.46 timeout 6 key rad123

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Multiple RADIUS Server Entries for the Same Server IP Address Example
The following example shows how to configure the network access server to recognize several RADIUS
host entries with the same IP address. Two different host entries on the same RADIUS server are
configured for the same services—authentication and accounting. The second host entry configured acts
as fail-over backup to the first one. (The RADIUS host entries will be tried in the order they are
configured.)
! This command enables AAA.
aaa new-model
! The next command configures default RADIUS parameters.
aaa authentication ppp default group radius
! The next set of commands configures multiple host entries for the same IP address.
radius-server host 172.20.0.1 auth-port 1000 acct-port 1001
radius-server host 172.20.0.1 auth-port 2000 acct-port 2001

RADIUS Server Group Examples

The following example shows how to create server group radgroup1 with three different RADIUS server
members, each using the default authentication port (1645) and accounting port (1646):
aaa group server radius radgroup1
server 172.16.1.11
server 172.17.1.21
server 172.18.1.31

The following example shows how to create server group radgroup2 with three RADIUS server
members, each with the same IP address but with unique authentication and accounting ports:
aaa group server radius radgroup2
server 172.16.1.1 auth-port 1000 acct-port 1001
server 172.16.1.1 auth-port 2000 acct-port 2001
server 172.16.1.1 auth-port 3000 acct-port 3001

Multiple RADIUS Server Entries Using AAA Server Groups Example

The following example shows how to configure the network access server to recognize two different
RADIUS server groups. One of these groups, group1, has two different host entries on the same
RADIUS server configured for the same services. The second host entry configured acts as failover
backup to the first one. Each group is individually configured for deadtime; deadtime for group 1 is one
minute, and deadtime for group 2 is two minutes.

Note In cases where both global commands and server commands are used, the server command will take
precedence over the global command.

! This command enables AAA.

aaa new-model
! The next command configures default RADIUS parameters.
aaa authentication ppp default group group1
! The following commands define the group1 RADIUS server group and associate servers
! with it and configures a deadtime of one minute.
aaa group server radius group1
server 1.1.1.1 auth-port 1645 acct-port 1646
server 2.2.2.2 auth-port 2000 acct-port 2001
deadtime 1

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! The following commands define the group2 RADIUS server group and associate servers
! with it and configures a deadtime of two minutes.
aaa group server radius group2
server 2.2.2.2 auth-port 2000 acct-port 2001
server 3.3.3.3 auth-port 1645 acct-port 1646
deadtime 2
! The following set of commands configures the RADIUS attributes for each host entry
! associated with one of the defined server groups.
radius-server host 1.1.1.1 auth-port 1645 acct-port 1646
radius-server host 2.2.2.2 auth-port 2000 acct-port 2001
radius-server host 3.3.3.3 auth-port 1645 acct-port 1646

AAA Server Group Selection Based on DNIS Example

The following example shows how to select RADIUS server groups based on DNIS to provide specific
AAA services:
! This command enables AAA.
aaa new-model
!
! The following set of commands configures the RADIUS attributes for each server
! that will be associated with one of the defined server groups.
radius-server host 172.16.0.1 auth-port 1645 acct-port 1646 key cisco1
radius-server host 172.17.0.1 auth-port 1645 acct-port 1646 key cisco2
radius-server host 172.18.0.1 auth-port 1645 acct-port 1646 key cisco3
radius-server host 172.19.0.1 auth-port 1645 acct-port 1646 key cisco4
radius-server host 172.20.0.1 auth-port 1645 acct-port 1646 key cisco5

! The following commands define the sg1 RADIUS server group and associate servers
! with it.
aaa group server radius sg1
server 172.16.0.1
server 172.17.0.1
! The following commands define the sg2 RADIUS server group and associate a server
! with it.
aaa group server radius sg2
server 172.18.0.1
! The following commands define the sg3 RADIUS server group and associate a server
! with it.
aaa group server radius sg3
server 172.19.0.1
! The following commands define the default-group RADIUS server group and associate
! a server with it.
aaa group server radius default-group
server 172.20.0.1
!
! The next set of commands configures default-group RADIUS server group parameters.
aaa authentication ppp default group default-group
aaa accounting network default start-stop group default-group
!

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! The next set of commands enables DNIS mapping and maps DNIS numbers to the defined
! RADIUS server groups. In this configuration, all PPP connection requests using
! DNIS 7777 are sent to the sg1 server group. The accounting records for these
! connections (specifically, start-stop records) are handled by the sg2 server group.
! Calls with a DNIS of 8888 use server group sg3 for authentication and server group
! default-group for accounting. Calls with a DNIS of 9999 use server group
! default-group for authentication and server group sg3 for accounting records
! (stop records only). All other calls with DNIS other than the ones defined use the
! server group default-group for both authentication and stop-start accounting records.
aaa dnis map enable
aaa dnis map 7777 authentication ppp group sg1
aaa dnis map 7777 accounting network start-stop group sg2
aaa dnis map 8888 authentication ppp group sg3
aaa dnis map 9999 accounting network stop-only group sg3

AAA Preauthentication Examples

The following example shows a simple configuration that specifies that the DNIS number be used for
preauthentication:
aaa preauth
group radius
dnis required

The following example shows a configuration that specifies that both the DNIS number and the CLID
number be used for preauthentication. DNIS preauthentication will be performed first, followed by
CLID preauthentication.
aaa preauth
group radius
dnis required
clid required

The following example specifies that preauthentication be performed on all DNIS numbers except the
two DNIS numbers specified in the DNIS group called “hawaii”:
aaa preauth
group radius
dnis required
dnis bypass hawaii

dialer dnis group hawaii

number 12345
number 12346

The following example shows a sample AAA configuration with DNIS preauthentication:
aaa new-model
aaa authentication login CONSOLE none
aaa authentication login RADIUS_LIST group radius
aaa authentication login TAC_PLUS group tacacs+ enable
aaa authentication login V.120 none
aaa authentication enable default enable group tacacs+
aaa authentication ppp RADIUS_LIST if-needed group radius
aaa authorization exec RADIUS_LIST group radius if-authenticated
aaa authorization exec V.120 none
aaa authorization network default group radius if-authenticated
aaa authorization network RADIUS_LIST if-authenticated group radius
aaa authorization network V.120 group radius if-authenticated
aaa accounting suppress null-username
aaa accounting exec default start-stop group radius
aaa accounting commands 0 default start-stop group radius

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aaa accounting network default start-stop group radius

aaa accounting connection default start-stop group radius
aaa accounting system default start-stop group radius
aaa preauth
dnis password Cisco-DNIS
aaa nas port extended
!
radius-server configure-nas
radius-server host 10.0.0.0 auth-port 1645 acct-port 1646 non-standard
radius-server host 10.255.255.255 auth-port 1645 acct-port 1646 non-standard
radius-server retransmit 2
radius-server deadtime 1
radius-server attribute nas-port format c
radius-server unique-ident 18
radius-server key MyKey

Note To configure preauthentication, you must also set up preauthentication profiles on the RADIUS
server.

RADIUS User Profile with RADIUS Tunneling Attributes Example

The following example shows a RADIUS user profile (Merit Daemon format) that includes RADIUS
tunneling attributes. This entry supports two tunnels, one for L2F and the other for L2TP. The tag entries
with :1 support L2F tunnels, and the tag entries with :2 support L2TP tunnels.
cisco.com Password = "cisco", Service-Type = Outbound
Service-Type = Outbound,
Tunnel-Type = :1:L2F,
Tunnel-Medium-Type = :1:IP,
Tunnel-Client-Endpoint = :1:"10.0.0.2",
Tunnel-Server-Endpoint = :1:"10.0.0.3",
Tunnel-Client-Auth-Id = :1:"l2f-cli-auth-id",
Tunnel-Server-Auth-Id = :1:"l2f-svr-auth-id",
Tunnel-Assignment-Id = :1:"l2f-assignment-id",
Cisco-Avpair = "vpdn:nas-password=l2f-cli-pass",
Cisco-Avpair = "vpdn:gw-password=l2f-svr-pass",
Tunnel-Preference = :1:1,
Tunnel-Type = :2:L2TP,
Tunnel-Medium-Type = :2:IP,
Tunnel-Client-Endpoint = :2:"10.0.0.2",
Tunnel-Server-Endpoint = :2:"10.0.0.3",
Tunnel-Client-Auth-Id = :2:"l2tp-cli-auth-id",
Tunnel-Server-Auth-Id = :2:"l2tp-svr-auth-id",
Tunnel-Assignment-Id = :2:"l2tp-assignment-id",
Cisco-Avpair = "vpdn:l2tp-tunnel-password=l2tp-tnl-pass",
Tunnel-Preference = :2:2

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Guard Timer Examples

The following example shows an ISDN guard timer that is set at 8000 milliseconds. A call will be
rejected if the RADIUS server has not responded to a preauthentication request when the timer expires.
interface serial1/0/0:23
isdn guard-timer 8000 on-expiry reject

aaa preauth
group radius
dnis required

The following example shows a CAS guard timer that is set at 20,000 milliseconds. A call will be
accepted if the RADIUS server has not responded to a preauthentication request when the timer expires.
controller T1 0
framing esf
clock source line primary
linecode b8zs
ds0-group 0 timeslots 1-24 type e&m-fgb dtmf dnis
cas-custom 0
call guard-timer 20000 on-expiry accept

aaa preauth
group radius
dnis required

L2TP Access Concentrator Examples

The following example shows a basic L2TP configuration for the L2TP access concentrator (LAC) for
the topology shown in Figure 13. The local name is not defined, so the host name used is the local name.
Because the L2TP tunnel password is not defined, the username password is used. In this example,
VPDN is configured locally on the LAC and does not take advantage of the new RADIUS
tunnel attributes.

Figure 13 Topology for Configuration Examples

Dial client Corporate

network
LAC = DJ

ISP or PSTN LT2P tunnel

22108

LNS = partner

! Enable AAA globally.

aaa new-model
! Enable AAA authentication for PPP and list the default method to use for PPP
! authentication.
aaa authentication ppp default local
! Define the username as “DJ.”
username DJ password 7 030C5E070A00781B
! Enable VPDN.
vpdn enable
! Define VPDN group number 1.
vpdn-group 1

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! Allow the LAC to respond to dialin requests using L2TP from IP address 172.21.9.13
! domain “cisco.com.”
request dialin
protocol l2tp
domain cisco.com
initiate-ip to 172.21.9.13
local name nas-1

The following example shows how to configure the LAC if RADIUS tunnel attributes are supported. In
this example, there is no local VPDN configuration on the LAC; the LAC, instead, is configured to query
the remote RADIUS security server.
! Enable global AAA securities services.
aaa new-model
! Enable AAA authentication for PPP and list RADIUS as the default method to use
! for PPP authentication.
aaa authentication ppp default group radius local
! Enable AAA (network) authorization and list RADIUS as the default method to use for
! authorization.
aaa authorization network default group radius
! Define the username as “DJ.”
username DJ password 7 030C5E070A00781B
! Enable VPDN.
vpdn enable
! Configure the LAC to interface with the remote RADIUS security server.
radius host 171.69.1.1 auth-port 1645 acct-port 1646
radius-server key cisco

L2TP Network Server Examples

The following example shows a basic L2TP configuration with corresponding comments on the L2TP
network server (LNS) for the topology shown in Figure 13:
! Enable AAA globally.
aaa new-model
! Enable AAA authentication for PPP and list the default method to use for PPP
! authentication.
aaa authentication ppp default local
! Define the username as “partner.”
username partner password 7 030C5E070A00781B
! Create virtual-template 1 and assign all values for virtual access interfaces.
interface Virtual-Template1
! Borrow the IP address from interface ethernet 1.
ip unnumbered Ethernet0
! Disable multicast fast switching.
no ip mroute-cache
! Use CHAP to authenticate PPP.
ppp authentication chap
! Enable VPDN.
vpdn enable
! Create vpdn-group number 1.
vpdn-group 1
! Accept all dialin l2tp tunnels from virtual-template 1 from remote peer DJ.
accept dialin l2tp virtual-template 1 remote DJ
protocol any
virtual-template 1
terminate-from hostname nas1
local name hgw1

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RADIUS Configuration Examples

The following example shows how to configure the LNS with a basic L2F and L2TP configuration using
RADIUS tunneling attributes:
aaa new-model
aaa authentication login default none
aaa authentication login console none
aaa authentication ppp default local group radius
aaa authorization network default group radius if-authenticated
!
username l2f-cli-auth-id password 0 l2f-cli-pass
username l2f-svr-auth-id password 0 l2f-svr-pass
username l2tp-svr-auth-id password 0 l2tp-tnl-pass
!
vpdn enable
vpdn search-order domain
!
vpdn-group 1
accept-dialin
protocol l2f
virtual-template 1
terminate-from hostname l2f-cli-auth-id
local name l2f-svr-auth-id
!
vpdn-group 2
accept-dialin
protocol l2tp
virtual-template 2
terminate-from hostname l2tp-cli-auth-id
local name l2tp-svr-auth-id
!
interface Ethernet1/0
ip address 10.0.0.3 255.255.255.0
no ip route-cache
no ip mroute-cache
!
interface Virtual-Template1
ip unnumbered Ethernet1/0
ppp authentication pap
!
interface Virtual-Template2
ip unnumbered Ethernet1/0
ppp authentication pap
!
radius-server host 1.1.1.1 auth-port 1645 acct-port 1646
radius-server key <deleted>
!

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