Classification Exercises Materials PDF

A mechanical engineer uses different materials to build machinery or tools .
A specific knowledge of materials is

required, concerning qualities, properties, costs and general characteristics.
1 What are these objects made of? Match the words in the box with the pictures, then read the text.
hen a machine or a tool is made, the most suitable material

steel gold
glass
wood
ceram ic
plastic
W must be chosen by considering its properties, wh ich can be
classified as mechanical, thermal , electrical and chemical. The
main types of materials used in mechanical engineering are
metals, polymer materials, ceramics and composite materials.
The most commonly used materials are metals, which can be
divided into ferrous and non-ferrous. They can be used in their
pure form or mixed with other elements. In this second case we
have an alloy and it is used to improve some properties of the
metals. The most commonly used ferrous metals are iron and
1 2
alloys wh ich use iron. Because iron is soft and pasty it is not
suitable to be used as a strucfural material, so a small amount of
carbon is added to it to make steel alloy.
Non-ferrous metals contain little or no iron . The most common
non-ferrous metals used in mechanics are copper, zinc, tin and
aluminium. Some common non-ferrous alloys are brass (formed
by mixi ng copper and zinc), bronze (formed by mixi ng copper and
tin) and other aluminium alloys which are used in the aircraft
3 4 industry. Other examples of materials used in mechanical
engineering are plastic and rubber.
PVC or polyvinyl chloride is a type of plastic and is used to insulate
wires and cables: Rubber is a polymer and its best property is
elasticity, as it retums to its original size and shape after deformation.
Ceramic materials are good insulators: hard, resistant and strong,
but brittle. Composite materials are made up of two or more
materials combined to improve their mechanical properties.
5 6 _ __ Concrete is reinforced with steel and is used in building engineering.
2 Read the text again and match the words with their definitions.
1 alloy a D a type of plastic used for insulation
2 steel b D a combination of different metals
3 PVC c D an alloy formed by mixing iron and carbon
4 concrete d D an alloy formed by mixing copper and zinc
5 brass e D metals containing iron
6 ferrous materials f D a composite material used to build houses
7 ceramic g D a metal not suitable as structural material
8 iron h D a good insulator but brittle
3 Read the text again and answer the questions.

1 Wha t is the basic classification of metals? 4 Which materials are good insul ators?
2 What are the characteristics of iron? 5 Is steel an alloy? h'c me al does it contain?
3 Why are alloys created?
4 n1 Listen and complete the definitions with the words in the box.
cook ing coins alloy air copper wires stee l

carbon gold ..f.e.r-:,,0f11"" expens ive ductile
Iron: Its Latin name is (1) ferrum . It is magnetic and has a silvery colour. In prehistoric times it was used to
make ornaments and weapons. If exposed to the (2) _ , it oxidises .
(3) _ _ : It is one of the most widely used metals by humans. In prehistoric times it was used
to make cooking utensils , (4) and ornamental objects. It is used
in (5) and cab les .
(6) _ _ : It is the most (7) _ _ __ metal and is used to create precious jewellery.
It is the most (8) ___ _ _ _ _ metal.
(9) _ _ _ _ : It is an (10) _ _ _ _ _ formed from iron and (11)
It can contain between 2 .1% and 4% carbon. It is also used for
(12) utensils and pans.
5 Complete the following diagram.
MATERIALS
~
polymer materials
plastic concrete
I
ferrous non-ferrous
alloy
1
6 Write a summary of the texts in exercises 1 and 4 following the flow chart.
Write about
List the Tell the
t he importance Say what Write a Iist of
materials difference
in engineering
of having
a specific
knowledge of
~
and the
main groups
used in
~
between
ferrous and
non-ferrous
~
an alloy is
and why it is
used.
=> non-ferrous
metals and
alloys.
mechanics. metals.
materials.
5
DPTO. FILOLOGÍA MODERNA
GRADO EN INGENIERÍA MECÁNICA: ENGLISH
CLASSIFYING: EXERCISES
1. Study this diagram illustrating different types of heat engines. Write a classifying paragraph:
2. Read these sentences and identify all classifying patterns. Then, say if they are from general to specific or
from specific to general.
1. A vice is a type of tool.
2. A laptop is a type of computer.
3. We can split plastics into thermoplastics and thermosetting plastics.
4. Rivet heads can be broken down into flat heads rivets, countersank rivets, mushroom rivets, pan rivets and
rounded rivets.
5. A TFT is a kind of TV screen.
6. A computer system consists of two parts: hardware and software.
7. A flange is one component of a girder.
8. Water consists of oxygen and hydrogen.
9. The whole science of engineering can be broadly divided into three main areas: civil, mechanical and
electrical engineering.
10. All the machines are made up of elements or parts and units.

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A mechanical engineer uses different materials to build machinery or tools .

A specific knowledge of materials is

hen a machine or a tool is made, the most suitable material

3 Read the text again and answer the questions.

cook ing coins alloy air copper wires stee l

5 Complete the following diagram.

GRADO EN INGENIERÍA MECÁNICA: ENGLISH

1. A vice is a type of tool.

2. A laptop is a type of computer.

3. We can split plastics into thermoplastics and thermosetting plastics.

5. A TFT is a kind of TV screen.

6. A computer system consists of two parts: hardware and software.

7. A flange is one component of a girder.

8. Water consists of oxygen and hydrogen.

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