Bus Bar Differential Basics

MiCOM Relay selection

Application Support – TSC Singapore

Singapore , July 27, 2017
 Busbar Protection-Definition

Bus Bar Protection with the comparison of currents

i1 i3
i2
 in = 0

In a fault free operation the difference of the current is zero. In the case of a fault, the difference is not zero.

Schneider Electric – Bus Bar Differential Basics + Relays - Webinar 2

Busbar Protection – Zones

Main & Checkzone

Checkzone
Protected Zone I Protected Zone II

The Checkzone detects Short Circuits over all Busbars protected

Zones, independent of the Status of the disconnectors.

Schneider Electric – Bus Bar Differential Basics + Relays - Webinar 3

Busbar – High Impedance Differential

Note:
1. The buswire shorting contacts are normally closed contacts from the P793
2. CTs used in a high impedance scheme should be identical.

Schneider Electric – Bus Bar Differential Basics + Relays - Webinar 4

Busbar Diff– High Impedance – MiCOM P14x, P723 (P123

P1 S1

P2 S2

A
B
C

P2 S2 P2 S2

P1 S1 P1 S1

A
B
C
21 RA 23 RB 25 RC
Contacts from Protective v v v
buswire relays 22 24 26
RST RST RST
supervision
auxiliary relay 27 Buswire
RN
28 supervision

Schneider Electric – Bus Bar Differential Basics + Relays - Webinar 5

Busbar – High Impedance Differential

•Stability is entirely due to introducing a stabilising resistor in-circuit.

•It is a simple, reliable and circulating current scheme
(CT must have same ratio & must be high accuracy - Class PX)
•The knee point voltage of the CTs needs to be relatively high
•Metrosil may be required
•The CTs are usually not shared with other protection
•The magnetising current can desensitise the scheme
•The scheme is very fast
•Isolator contacts are needed to switch the full CT secondary current between the
zones
•Extending the scheme is quite simple
•Bus wire supervision can be offered with Bus wire supervision relays

Schneider Electric – Bus Bar Differential Basics + Relays - Webinar 6

Busbar – Biased Impedance Differential

•Stability is due to the bias characteristics of the scheme

•CTs can have different ratios,
•Scheme bias characteristic can cater for lesser accuracy CTs (class 5P)
•CTs with moderate knee point voltages can be used
•Metrosil are never required
•It is easier to share CTs with other protection
•Tripping is fast
•Isolator contact are not needed to switch heavy currents.
•Expanding the scheme can be complex
•Self supervision and breaker fail protection is easier to integrate.

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Biased Differential - Centralized
Central Position of the Busbar in digital execution

BB1 BB2
Busbar Cubicle

Centralized
Busbar-
Protection

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Biased Differential – De Centralized

De centralized execution

BB1 BB2

Fibre Optic Cables Fibre Optic Cables

Bay units Bay units

Central unit

Maximum length of the fibre Optic Cables: 1 km

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 Biased Differential – MiCOM P740 & MiCOM P746

No. of
Feeders

28
P740 Scheme:
P741 with
P742 &
18/21 P743
P746 Three
Box Mode

6/7
P746 One
Box Mode

1 8 No. of Zones
4

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 Biased Differential – MiCOM P740 – De Centralized

 Fast & Constant

 Constant sub-cycle tripping time (13 ms typical)
 Flexible & Easy to use
 Centralised or Distributed solution
 Dynamic substation replica processing
 Dynamic substation monitoring tool
 PSL (Programmable Scheme Logic)
 Selective
 Phase segregated low impedance solution
 Secure
Differential algorithms supervised by multiple criteria (CT
supervision, Biased Check Zone, etc…)
Delayed tripping algorithm with CT saturation
CT saturation detection (< 2ms)
Dead zone protection & 50 BF protection

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 Biased Differential – MiCOM P740 – De Centralized

BB1 BB2

P742 P742

P742 P742 P742 P741 P742 P742 P742

Peripheral Units
Peripheral Units Fibre Optic Central Unit Fibre Optic

! Engineering done only by EACs – Supplied only as a Engineered solution.

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 Biased Differential – MiCOM P746 – Centralized

● MiCOM P746 is:

 Fast & Reliable
 Sub-cycle tripping time
 19 ms typical with standard output relays
 14 ms typical with high speed output relays
 Flexible & Easy to use
 One box or 3 box Centralised solutions
 Dynamic substation monitoring tool
 PSL (Programmable Scheme Logic)
 Selective
 Phase segregated low impedance solution
 Secure
Differential algorithms supervised by a Biased Check Zone
and Phase comparison
Dead zone protection & 50 BF protection

Schneider Electric – Bus Bar Differential Basics + Relays - Webinar 13

 Biased Differential – MiCOM P746 – Centralized

● The MiCOM P746 solutions:

● P746 – One P746 (One box solution),

 Processes the measurements from the 3 phase CTs
with Ethernet board, hotkeys & function keys and
tricolour LEDs
 (comprises all differential protection algorithms)

● P746 – Three P746 (3 box solution),

 Processes the measurements from the single phase
CTs with Ethernet board, hotkeys & function keys
and tricolour LEDs
 There is one P746 per phase (A,B,C), they are all
independent to each other.
 (comprises all differential protection algorithms)

Schneider Electric – Bus Bar Differential Basics + Relays - Webinar 14

 Biased Differential – MiCOM P746 – Centralized

ONE BOX MODE 3 BOX MODE

- Up to 6/7 CTs - Up to 18/21 CTs

- Up to one set of VTs - Up to 2 set of VTs
- Up to 4 zones + CZ - Up to 4 zones + CZ

3 BOXES MODE

Processes the
measurements from
ONE BOX MODE the single phase CTs.

Processes the One P746 per Phase.

measurements from
the 3 phase CTs The 3 boxes are
independent to each other.

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 Biased Differential – MiCOM P746 – 3 Box Solution

● 2 fully segregated Bus networks,

● One Network for Control and one for Protection DCS (HMI, Engineering PC,
Remote HMI software access etc)

● Communication to Control system

 Standard single comm. protocol only
Ethernet switch (Need not be Proprietary)

P746 A P746 B P746 C

HSR Ring for status information exchange (through IEC61850 GOOSE messages)
Note : Ring connection formed only between three P746 – No switch included

● Protection scheme to all IEDs

 HSR protocol in order to avoid switch and increase availability
[Exchange of status information (Isolator) between the three boxes for Topology
processing]

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 Biased Differential – MiCOM P746 – 3 Box Solution

DCS (HMI, Engineering PC,

Remote HMI software access etc)

P746 A P746 B P746 C

Not Recommended – Switch failure – Affects topology processing

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 Biased Differential – MiCOM P746 – 3 Box Solution

● Latest standard:

● IEC 61850 Edition 2.0 (and also provides Edition 1)

● Choice made via configuration
● Open, interoperable and well recognised standard that reduces the
Engineering time and allows better interoperability.

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MiCOM P746 – 3 Box Solution- Ordering Recommendation

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