ICT 9: Computer Hardware Servicing

MODULE 4, LESSON 2: DIAGNOSE AND CONFIGURE COMPUTER

SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS
TECHNIQUES FOR DIAGNOSING COMPUTER SYSTEMS
ICT 9: Module 4, Lesson 2
TECHNIQUES FOR DIAGNOSING COMPUTER SYSTEMS

Computer Diagnosis

Sometimes when the problem with a system is not

totally apparent and the problem may be
intermittent, using a basic common diagnostic
procedure may help determine what is wrong. This
procedure has a number of steps that, if followed
each time, can be of help.
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Rules in Diagnosing Computer System

1. Know the facts

• Educate oneself on all aspects and operation
of computer parts.
• Continuous learning on computer technology

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TECHNIQUES FOR DIAGNOSING COMPUTER SYSTEMS

Rules in Diagnosing Computer System

2. Use your common sense

3. Focus on Field Replaceable Units
• Identify the different types of FRU that can be
used for replacement or sub assembly.
4. Proper assembly and disassembly
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Rules in Diagnosing Computer System

5. Factors Causing Computer Failures and Defects

People ware
• Untrained personnel would probably
damage programs in PC.

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TECHNIQUES FOR DIAGNOSING COMPUTER SYSTEMS

Rules in Diagnosing Computer System

5. Factors Causing Computer Failures and Defects

Firmware
• Programs or software burnt in chips may be
corrupted.

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TECHNIQUES FOR DIAGNOSING COMPUTER SYSTEMS

Rules in Diagnosing Computer System

5. Factors Causing Computer Failures and Defects

Software
• Corrupted operating systems would cause
the system to fail.

Hardware
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TECHNIQUES FOR DIAGNOSING COMPUTER SYSTEMS

Rules in Diagnosing Computer System

5. Factors Causing Computer Failures and Defects

Hardware
• Defective hardware components would lead to
computer malfunction.
• Hardware conflicts and viruses can hinder your
computers performance.
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TECHNIQUES FOR DIAGNOSING COMPUTER SYSTEMS

ESD (Electro Static Discharge)

Electro static discharge can easily damage sensitive
components in your computer.

Electricity
Incoming supply from AC outlet must be regulated;
power surges can damage computer units.
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ICT 9: Module 4, Lesson 2
TECHNIQUES FOR DIAGNOSING COMPUTER SYSTEMS

Problem Isolation

Problem isolation is a detective work in which you

need to determine what is out of the ordinary by
making detailed observation of what is not working
normally and record any information as you
proceed.

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ICT 9: Module 4, Lesson 2
TECHNIQUES FOR DIAGNOSING COMPUTER SYSTEMS

Problem Isolation

The information you will be able to gather will help

diagnose your computer. You need to observe
wisely. Look for any abnormalities in the unit, any
change in smell or foreign smell, listen to all the
sounds, and error codes.

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TECHNIQUES FOR DIAGNOSING COMPUTER SYSTEMS

Component Isolation

This section will aid in determining components in

your system which are failing. First, most systems
have 3 major components; monitor, system unit,
and printers. Some have multiple external devices.
To troubleshoot, you need to isolate major
components which are failing to operate.
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TECHNIQUES FOR DIAGNOSING COMPUTER SYSTEMS

Diagnostics Procedure for ATX Power Supply Failure

1. Determine whether or not the power comes on.
2. Check the switch operation with a Digital Volt
Meter on the continuity or resistance setting.
3. Check the pins if the corresponding voltage are
properly regulated to the motherboard.
4. Replace the power supply unit if defective.
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ICT 9: Module 4, Lesson 2
TECHNIQUES FOR DIAGNOSING COMPUTER SYSTEMS

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ICT 9: Module 4, Lesson 2
TECHNIQUES FOR DIAGNOSING COMPUTER SYSTEMS

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ICT 9: Module 4, Lesson 2
TECHNIQUES FOR DIAGNOSING COMPUTER SYSTEMS

Flowchart for ATX Power Supply Repair

Warning! You must unplug your ATX power supply

from the wall before working inside the case.

Use the handouts to consult the flowchart

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ICT 9: Module 4, Lesson 2
TECHNIQUES FOR DIAGNOSING COMPUTER SYSTEMS

Things to Consider
There are many devices, parts, cords, and
connections on a computer, which means that there
are many possible problems that could arise. In
addition, your computer uses a variety of software,
which can also cause problems.

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TECHNIQUES FOR DIAGNOSING COMPUTER SYSTEMS

Things to Consider
However, no matter what the problem is, you can
use the following tips to help you find a solution:
• Always check the cables:
Many computer problems are related to an issue
in the cables and connections.

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ICT 9: Module 4, Lesson 2
TECHNIQUES FOR DIAGNOSING COMPUTER SYSTEMS

Things to Consider
However, no matter what the problem is, you can
use the following tips to help you find a solution:
• Always check the cables:
The easiest first step you can take to
troubleshoot most problems is to check all
related cables and connections.

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TECHNIQUES FOR DIAGNOSING COMPUTER SYSTEMS

Things to Consider
However, no matter what the problem is, you can
use the following tips to help you find a solution:
• Isolate the problem:
If possible, try to isolate the problem. For
example, if you can't get the cursor to move on
the screen, try to determine if the issue is with
the mouse.
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ICT 9: Module 4, Lesson 2
TECHNIQUES FOR DIAGNOSING COMPUTER SYSTEMS

Things to Consider
However, no matter what the problem is, you can
use the following tips to help you find a solution:
• Isolate the problem:
If you have an extra mouse, you can alternate
devices to see if the one plugged in is the issue,
or use the arrow keys on the keyboard to help
determine if the mouse is the source of the
problem.
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ICT 9: Module 4, Lesson 2
TECHNIQUES FOR DIAGNOSING COMPUTER SYSTEMS

Things to Consider
However, no matter what the problem is, you can
use the following tips to help you find a solution:
• Isolate the problem:
When trying to isolate the problem, only make
one change at a time.

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TECHNIQUES FOR DIAGNOSING COMPUTER SYSTEMS

Things to Consider
However, no matter what the problem is, you can
use the following tips to help you find a solution:
• Take notes about error messages:
If your computer gives you error messages, be
sure to write down as much information as
possible. If the basic troubleshooting steps don't
work, you may need the information.
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ICT 9: Module 4, Lesson 2
TECHNIQUES FOR DIAGNOSING COMPUTER SYSTEMS

Things to Consider
However, no matter what the problem is, you can
use the following tips to help you find a solution:
• Take notes about error messages:

An error message

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TECHNIQUES FOR DIAGNOSING COMPUTER SYSTEMS

Things to Consider
However, no matter what the problem is, you can
use the following tips to help you find a solution:
• Remember the steps you've taken, or write
them down:
Once you start troubleshooting, you will want to
remember what you have done, so you don't
repeat yourself.
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ICT 9: Module 4, Lesson 2
TECHNIQUES FOR DIAGNOSING COMPUTER SYSTEMS

Things to Consider
However, no matter what the problem is, you can
use the following tips to help you find a solution:
• Remember the steps you've taken, or write
them down:
If you can't remember it, then write it down. If
you end up asking someone for help, it will be
much easier if they know exactly which steps
you've taken.
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TECHNIQUES FOR DIAGNOSING COMPUTER SYSTEMS

Simple Solutions to Common Problems

Most of the time, problems can be fixed by using

simple troubleshooting techniques, such as closing
and re-opening the program.

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Simple Solutions to Common Problems

It's important to try these simple solutions before

resorting to more extreme measures.

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TECHNIQUES FOR DIAGNOSING COMPUTER SYSTEMS

Simple Solutions to Common Problems

If the problem still isn't fixed, you can then try other
troubleshooting techniques, such as reinstalling the
software.

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ICT 9: Module 4, Lesson 2
TECHNIQUES FOR DIAGNOSING COMPUTER SYSTEMS

Simple Solutions to Common Problems

Program Runs Slowly or Isn't Working Right

• If a program is running slowly or otherwise isn't
working right, the first thing you should try is
closing the program and re-opening it.

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TECHNIQUES FOR DIAGNOSING COMPUTER SYSTEMS

Simple Solutions to Common Problems

Program Runs Slowly or Isn't Working Right

• You can also shut down your computer, wait a
few seconds, and boot it up again. Some minor
problems will work themselves out when you do
this.

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TECHNIQUES FOR DIAGNOSING COMPUTER SYSTEMS

Simple Solutions to Common Problems

Program Runs Slowly or Isn't Working Right

• Check with the company for any known
problems or updates to the software.

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Simple Solutions to Common Problems

Program Runs Slowly or Isn't Working Right

Checking for updates

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TECHNIQUES FOR DIAGNOSING COMPUTER SYSTEMS

Simple Solutions to Common Problems

Program is Completely Unresponsive

• If a program has become completely
unresponsive, you can press (and hold)
Control+Alt+Delete on your keyboard to open
the Task Manager. You can then select the
program that isn't working and click End Task.
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TECHNIQUES FOR DIAGNOSING COMPUTER SYSTEMS

Simple Solutions to Common Problems

Program is Completely Unresponsive

• If you are using a Mac, you can press
Option+Command+Esc to open a similar dialog
box.

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TECHNIQUES FOR DIAGNOSING COMPUTER SYSTEMS

Simple Solutions to Common Problems

Problems Starting or Shutting Down the Computer

Power Button Will Not Start Computer
• If your computer does not start, begin by
checking the power cord to confirm that it is
plugged securely into the back of the computer
case and the power outlet.
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ICT 9: Module 4, Lesson 2
TECHNIQUES FOR DIAGNOSING COMPUTER SYSTEMS

Simple Solutions to Common Problems

Problems Starting or Shutting Down the Computer

Power Button Will Not Start Computer
• If it is plugged into an outlet, make sure it is a
working outlet. Often, this will require you to
plug a lamp or other electrical device into the
outlet to make sure it is receiving power.
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ICT 9: Module 4, Lesson 2
TECHNIQUES FOR DIAGNOSING COMPUTER SYSTEMS

Simple Solutions to Common Problems

Problems Starting or Shutting Down the Computer

Power Button Will Not Start Computer
• If the computer is plugged into a surge protector, verify that
it is turned on. You may have to reset the surge protector by
turning it off and then back on. You can also plug a lamp or
other device into the surge protector to verify that it is on.
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TECHNIQUES FOR DIAGNOSING COMPUTER SYSTEMS

Simple Solutions to Common Problems

Problems Starting or Shutting Down the Computer

Power Button Will Not Start Computer
• If you are using a laptop, the battery may not be
charged. Plug the AC adapter into the wall and then try
to turn on the laptop. If it still doesn't start up, you may
need to wait a few minutes and then try again.
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TECHNIQUES FOR DIAGNOSING COMPUTER SYSTEMS

Simple Solutions to Common Problems

Problems Starting or Shutting Down the Computer

"Non-System Disk or Disk Error" Message
• If you get this message when you boot up your
computer, it usually means there is a CD, DVD, USB
flash drive, or floppy disk in your computer, which is
interfering with your computer's booting process.
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TECHNIQUES FOR DIAGNOSING COMPUTER SYSTEMS

Simple Solutions to Common Problems

Problems Starting or Shutting Down the Computer

"Non-System Disk or Disk Error" Message
• Remove the disk from the drive and restart the
computer.

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Simple Solutions to Common Problems

Problems Starting or Shutting Down the Computer

Windows Shutting Down Message Will Not Disappear
• Sometimes Windows will freeze during the
shutdown process. If this happens, the Windows is
Shutting Down message screen will stay active on
your screen.
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TECHNIQUES FOR DIAGNOSING COMPUTER SYSTEMS

Simple Solutions to Common Problems

Problems Starting or Shutting Down the Computer

Windows Shutting Down Message Will Not Disappear
• To finish shutting down the computer, press and
hold the power button for about 10 seconds, or
until the computer turns off.
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TECHNIQUES FOR DIAGNOSING COMPUTER SYSTEMS

Simple Solutions to Common Problems

Problems Starting or Shutting Down the Computer

Computer Begins Randomly Rebooting or Crashing
• Check for overheating. Make sure the vents in
the case are not blocked. Confirm that there is
good air flow around the computer.
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TECHNIQUES FOR DIAGNOSING COMPUTER SYSTEMS

Simple Solutions to Common Problems

Problems Starting or Shutting Down the Computer

Computer Begins Randomly Rebooting or Crashing
• Update your antivirus software and scan for
viruses.

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TECHNIQUES FOR DIAGNOSING COMPUTER SYSTEMS

Simple Solutions to Common Problems

Problems with the Monitor and Speakers

No Picture on the Monitor
• Confirm the computer is turned on.

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Simple Solutions to Common Problems

Problems with the Monitor and Speakers

No Picture on the Monitor
• Check the brightness control, located on your
monitor or your keyboard, and make sure it is not
set too low.
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TECHNIQUES FOR DIAGNOSING COMPUTER SYSTEMS

Simple Solutions to Common Problems

Problems with the Monitor and Speakers

Monitor Goes Blank Periodically
• You may have the screensaver enabled. If the
screen saver is enabled, just move your mouse
back and forth and your original screen will
appear.
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TECHNIQUES FOR DIAGNOSING COMPUTER SYSTEMS

Simple Solutions to Common Problems

Problems with the Monitor and Speakers

Monitor Goes Blank Periodically
• You can change the screensaver settings by
going to your Control Panel (or your System
Preferences if you're using a Mac).
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TECHNIQUES FOR DIAGNOSING COMPUTER SYSTEMS

Simple Solutions to Common Problems

Problems with the Monitor and Speakers

No Sound
• Check the volume control on your computer. In
Windows, the sound icon will usually be on the
taskbar, and you can also access the sound
options in the Control Panel.
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TECHNIQUES FOR DIAGNOSING COMPUTER SYSTEMS

Simple Solutions to Common Problems

Problems with the Monitor and Speakers

No Sound
• On Macs, the sound options are found at the top
of the screen or in System Preferences

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Simple Solutions to Common Problems

Problems with the Monitor and Speakers

No Sound
• Most media programs (such as iTunes or
Windows Media Player) have a volume control,
which will need to be turned up.
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TECHNIQUES FOR DIAGNOSING COMPUTER SYSTEMS

Simple Solutions to Common Problems

Problems with the Monitor and Speakers

No Sound
• Make sure the speakers are turned on, if using
external speakers.

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TECHNIQUES FOR DIAGNOSING COMPUTER SYSTEMS

Simple Solutions to Common Problems

Problems with the Monitor and Speakers

No Sound
• Make sure external speakers are connected to
the correct audio port or a USB port. If your
computer has color-coded ports, the audio
output will usually be green.
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TECHNIQUES FOR DIAGNOSING COMPUTER SYSTEMS

Simple Solutions to Common Problems

Problems with the Monitor and Speakers

No Sound
• Connect headphones to the correct audio port
and determine if sound is audible from the
headphones.
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TECHNIQUES FOR DIAGNOSING COMPUTER SYSTEMS

Simple Solutions to Common Problems

Searching the web for a solution

• search the web for the problem that you're
having, as other people may have had similar
problems.

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TECHNIQUES FOR DIAGNOSING COMPUTER SYSTEMS

Simple Solutions to Common Problems

Searching the web for a solution

• Also, if you have a friend or family member who
knows a lot about computers, they may be able to
help you.

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TECHNIQUES FOR DIAGNOSING COMPUTER SYSTEMS

Simple Solutions to Common Problems

Searching the web for a solution

• Most computer problems have simple solutions,
although it may take some time to find them.

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TECHNIQUES FOR DIAGNOSING COMPUTER SYSTEMS

Simple Solutions to Common Problems

Searching the web for a solution

• For very difficult problems, a more drastic solution
may be required, such as reformatting your hard
drive, reinstalling programs, or reinstalling your
operating system.

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TECHNIQUES FOR DIAGNOSING COMPUTER SYSTEMS

Simple Solutions to Common Problems

Searching the web for a solution

• If you're not a computer expert, it's possible that
you could make the situation worse, so it's best to
consult a professional if you think a drastic
solution is needed.

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TECHNIQUES FOR DIAGNOSING COMPUTER SYSTEMS

End of

ICT 9: Module 4, Lesson 2:

DIAGNOSE AND CONFIGURE COMPUTER SYSTEMS
AND NETWORKS

TECHNIQUES FOR DIAGNOSING COMPUTER

SYSTEMS
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