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VERBS (2)

Modal Verbs

Modal Verbs: in context

What are modal verbs?

She can swim. He should go to the doctor.

Modal verbs are a small group of verbs, which are very different from normal
verbs.

GFPI-F-019 V3
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Common Modal Verbs and their

Which verbs are common modal verbs?

Can, could, may, might, should, must, shall, will, would

How are modal verbs different from other verbs?

- They do not take “s” in the third person: he can, she must, it could

- They use “not” in the negative form: they may not, we should not

- They cannot be used in the past or in the future tenses

- There is no “to” after them: I can do, you must see

Which modal verb do we use and when?

Modal Verb Use Example

Capacity I can drive.

Can
Permission/request Can I use your phone please?

Capacity in the past (past of „can‟) I could not see him.

Polite permission/request Could I use your phone please?

Could
Suggestion We could go to the new restaurant.
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Possibility, low probability or one It could rain today.

possibility of many She could be at home.

Polite permission/request May I use your phone please?

May Possibility, more probable than It may rain today.

„could‟ She may be at home.

It might rain today.

Might Same as „may‟
She might be at home.

Advice He should go to the doctor.

Should
Rational probability He should be fine.

Obligation, necessity You must go to school.

Must
Very high probability She must be at home.

The defendant shall pay a fine of

Obligation in legal documents
$200.
Shall
Suggestions Shall we begin?

Future tense, rare, British Thou shall not kill.

A voluntary action I will make dinner.

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Will A promise I will call you at 4 pm.

A prediction The summer will be very hot.

Conditional If I had time, I would travel more.

Past of „will‟ He said he would come.

Would
When I lived in Paris, I would

Repetition in the past always go to the Champs Elysees.

Some of these common modal verbs have synonyms we often use.

Examples:

must = have to, need to

she must leave = she has to live = she needs to

leave should = ought to

he should speak to his boss = he ought to speak to his boss

When we speak, we use contractions with some of the modal verbs in the
negative form.

Examples:

can't = cannot = can not

couldn‟t = could not

shouldn‟t = should not

mustn‟t = must not

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won‟t = will not

wouldn‟t = would not

How can we use modal verbs in the past?

We can:

Use a synonym in the past: to be able to, You can go You were able to go

to be allowed to, to have to, to need to You may go  You were allowed to go

You must go  You had to go / You needed

to go

Use a modal verb that expresses the past: I could not go

could (past of „can‟), would (past of „will‟) I thought I would go

Use „modal verb + have + past participle‟ He could have gone

He may have gone

He might have gone

He should have gone

He must have gone

He would have gone

How can we use modal verbs in the future?

We can:
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Use a synonym in the future: to be able to, Youcan go  Youwill be able to go

to be allowed to, to have to, to need to You may go  You will be allowed to go

You must go  You will have to go / You

will need to go

Use a modal verb with an indication of We can/could/may/might/should/must go

future Tomorrow

Writing Exercise

Complete the sentences with one of the two choices.

(Completa la oraciòn con una sola opción)

1. You really shouldn’t watch tv this much. (shall / shouldn‟t)

2. She must be at work, she always works at this time. (must / could)

3. Speak up, I can’t hear you! (can‟t / couldn‟t)

4. I couldn’t hear a word he said. (can‟t / couldn‟t)

5. Andrew must call his wife urgently. (must / shouldn‟t)

6. Thank you for calling Zee Company, how may I help you? (can‟t / may)

7. If I go to New York, I will see the Statue of Liberty. (will / would)

8. If I went to New York, I would see the Statue of Liberty. (will / would)

9. It could happen, but it is very unlikely. (shall / could)

10. Emma can’t go out tonight, her parents said no. (can‟t / may)
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Writing Exercise

Match the two columns to identify the use of each modal verb.

(Relaciona la oraciòn con el uso del verbo modal)

1. Abe should call Lyla soon after their first date.(h) a. obligation

2. Lyla should be happy to get his call. (d) b. possibility

3. Abe calls but she doesn‟t pick up, she must be working. (a) c. low probability

4. No problem, he can call her back later. (i) d. rational probability

5. Later he tells her they could go out to dinner again.(c) e. certainty

6. She says she may be available Friday. (e) f. polite request

7. Abe asks if he can call her back Friday morning.(g) g. permission

8. She says she could be in a meeting, the afternoon is h. advice

better. (j)

Friday afternoon, Abe asks: May I pick you up at 6 pm

9. (f) i. capacity

10. He must be on time to make a good impression. ( b) j. suggestion

Writing Exercise

Complete the sentences with a modal verb from this list, without using the
same one twice: can, could, may, might, should, must, shall, will, would

(Completa la oraciòn con un verbo modal de la lista sin usarlo 2 veces)

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1. Children must go to school.

2. Before you make a decision, you would speak to a specialist.

3. I could ride a horse, I love horse riding.

4. Let‟s go, shall we?

5. Jake will speak some English before the training.

6. may I please speak to Mrs. Sanders?

7. I promise I can buy you a new phone.

8. He might join us later, he is not sure.

9. If I were you, I should take this opportunity.