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Thermosetting Prashant

The document discusses different types of adhesives and plastics. It describes natural and artificial adhesives, with natural adhesives being made from organic sources and artificial adhesives designed by humans using materials like epoxy and polyurethane. It also discusses thermoplastic and thermosetting plastics. Thermoplastics, such as acrylic and polyester, soften when heated and harden when cooled, allowing them to be remolded. Thermosetting plastics, like epoxy resin, undergo chemical changes during molding and cannot be remelted or reshaped once hardened. The document provides advantages and disadvantages of thermoplastics and thermosetting plastics.

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154 views11 pages

Thermosetting Prashant

The document discusses different types of adhesives and plastics. It describes natural and artificial adhesives, with natural adhesives being made from organic sources and artificial adhesives designed by humans using materials like epoxy and polyurethane. It also discusses thermoplastic and thermosetting plastics. Thermoplastics, such as acrylic and polyester, soften when heated and harden when cooled, allowing them to be remolded. Thermosetting plastics, like epoxy resin, undergo chemical changes during molding and cannot be remelted or reshaped once hardened. The document provides advantages and disadvantages of thermoplastics and thermosetting plastics.

Uploaded by

Saloni
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Adhesives

 Adhesive is any non metallic substance applied to one or both surfaces of two
separate items that binds them together and resist their separation.

Natural- Natural adhesives are made from organic sources such as vegetable starch,
natural resins or animals. These are often refer to as bio adhesives. One example is a
simple paste made by cooking flour in water.

Artificial- Artificial adhesives are those that are not found in nature and are
designed and manufactured by man. They are based on elastomers, thermoplastic,
emulsions, and thermosets. Examples are epoxy, polyurethane, cyanoacrylate and
acrylic polymers.

The first commercially produced artificial adhesive was Karlsons Klister in 1920s.
 Plastic is material consisting of any of a wide range of synthetic or semi-
synthetic organic compounds that are malleable and so can be moulded into
solid objects. Plastics are typically organic polymers of high molecular mass
and often contain other substances.
 Plastics are made from natural materials such as cellulose, coal, natural gas,
salt and crude oil through a polymerisation or polycondensation process.
 Plastic is versatile, hygienic, lightweight, flexible and highly durable. It
accounts for the largest usage of plastics world wide and is used in numerous
packaging applications including containers, bottles, drums, boxes, cups and
vending packaging.
1) Thermoplastic
 A thermoplastic is a material, usually a plastic polymer, which becomes more
soft when heated and hard when cooled. Thermoplastic materials can be
cooled and heated several times without any change in their chemical or
mechanical properties.
 Examples- Acrylic, polyester, polypropylene, polystyrene, nylon and Teflon.
These materials see a wide variety of use in manufacturing products from
clothing and non stick cookware to carpets and laboratory equipments.
 Structure- Thermoplastic materials are made up of polymers linked by inter
molecular interactions or van der waals forces, forming linear or branched
structures.
Advantages Disadvantages

 Extremely adhesive to metal.  May soften when reheated.


 Highly recyclable.  Can be more expensive then
thermoset.
 Excellent corrosion resistance.
 May degrade in direct sunlight or
 Aesthetically superior finishes.
under high UV light levels.
 Can be remoulded and reshaped.
 Poor resistance to hydrocarbons
 Detergent and chemical resistant. and organic solvents.
1) Thermosetting plastic
 A thermosetting polymer, resin or plastic, often called a thermoset, is a
polymer that is irreversibly harden by curing from a soft solid or viscous liquid
prepolymer or resin.
 Curing is induced by heat or suitable radiation and may be promoted by high
pressure, or mixing with a catalyst. It results in chemical reactions that
create extensive cross linking between polymer chains to produce an infusible
and insoluble polymer network.
 The starting material for making thermosets is usually malleable or liquid
prior to curing, and is often designed to be moulded into a final shape. Once
harden, a thermoset cannot be melted for reshaping.
Manufacturing :-
 In general, thermoset products are made through liquid moulding processes.
The polymers and agents are fed into tanks or barrels, where they are heated
to a liquid state and mixed. Then the liquid polymers and other agents are
injected into a mould cavity. As the materials cools and hardens to the
configuration of the cavity, it goes through a curing process where the
polymers cross-link together. That process forms an irreversible chemical
bond that prevents the risk of melting, softening or wrapping when or if the
finished product is subjected to high heat or corrosive environment.
 Specific methods of moulding thermosets are:-
1) Reactive injection moulding (used for objects such as milk bottle crates)
2) Extrusion moulding(used for making pipes, threads of fabrics and insulation
for electrical cables)
3) Compression moulding(used to shape SMC and BMC thermosetting plastics)
4) Spin casting(used for producing fishing lures and gaming miniatures)
Advantages Disadvantages

 More resistant against high  Cannot be recycled.


temperature.
 Much more difficult to surface
 Hard and rigid. finish.
 Excellent aesthetic finishes.  Cannot be remoulded or reshaped
 High mechanical property.  Poor thermal conductivity for
housing replacements.
 Cost effective.
 The rigidity of the material can
 Excellent dimensional stability.
result in product failure when used
in high vibration applications.
Thermoplastic Thermosetting plastic
 These are linear polymers.  These are cross-linked polymers.
 They undergo no chemical change in  They undergo chemical change in the
the moulding operation. moulding operation.
 They can be softened again and  They cannot be re-softened once
again. they get hard.
 These plastics can be reused.  These plastics cannot be reused.
 These are soft and flexible.  These are hard and brittle.
 They are affected by certain  They are unaffected by any solvent.
solvents.
 These are fire proof.
 They are not fire proof.
 Examples- Epoxy resin, Bakelite,
 Examples- Acrylic, Nylon, Teflon, Vulcanized rubber, etc.
Polystyrene, etc.
THANKYOU!

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