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Solving Transportation Problem with Four Different Proposed Mean

Method and Comparison with Existing Methods for Optimum Solution
To cite this article: M. Sathyavathy and M. Shalini 2019 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 1362 012088

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International Conference on Physics and Photonics Processes in Nano Sciences IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1362 (2019) 012088 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1362/1/012088

Solving Transportation Problem with Four Different

Proposed Mean Method and Comparison with Existing
Methods for Optimum Solution

M.Sathyavathy1, M.Shalini 2
1,2
Department of Mathematics, M.Kumarasamy college of Engineering (Autonomous), Karur-639113
[email protected] , [email protected]

ABSTRACT-In this article, finding an optimal solution is the prime requirement for the transportation
problems. We compared a four different proposed mean (PAM, PHM, PGM, PQM) to find out the optimum
solution of a TP. The most attractive feature of this method is that requires very simple statistical and rational
calculation, that’s why it is very easy even for layman to understand and use. This method will be very
beneficial for those decision makers who are dealing with logistics and supply chain related issues. A
Numerical illustration is established and the optimality of the result received by this method is also verified.
MSC: 90C08
Keywords: Transportation problems (TP), Initial Basic Feasible Solution (IBFS), PAM, PHM, PGM, PQM,
NWC. LCM, VAM, MODI, Optimal Solution (OS), (PMM).

1. Introduction
Now a day, transportation problem is famous in operation research for its wide application in real life.
This is a special kind of the network optimization problems in which goods are transported from a set of
sources to a set of destinations subject to the supply and demand of the source and destination,
respectively, such that the total cost of transportation is minimized. The basic transportation problem
was originally developed by Hitchcock in 1941 [1]. Efficient methods for finding solution were
developed, primarily by Dantzig in 1951 [2] and then by Charnes, Cooper and Henderson in 1953 [3].
Basically, the solution procedure for the transportation problem consists of the following stages:
• Stage 1: Arithmetic formulation of the transportation problem.
• Stage 2: Finding an initial basic feasible solution.
• Stage 3: Optimize the optimal solution which is obtained in Stage 3.
In this paper, Stage 3 has been focused in order to obtain a better optimal solution for the transportation
problems.
In the past few year Abdual Quddoos et.al [4] and Sudhaker et.al [5] implemented two different methods
in 2012 respectively, for finding an optimal solution. In 1954 charnes and copper [5] was developed
Stepping Stone method on “The Simplex method is not suitable for the Transportation problem
especially for large scale transportation problem due to its special structure of model”.
Now days the researchers recently focus on many different methods that provide a betterment for
transportation problem. Urvashikumari D.Patel et.al. [6] established “Transportation Problem using
Stepping Stone Method and its Application. And also Neetu M.Sharma et.al [7] cope with “An
alternative method to north west corner method for solving transportation problem which is totally new
concept. A.Amaravathy et.al [8], Reena G.Patel et.al [9, 10] and Sushma Duraphe et.al [11] implemented
the method is very helpful by solving less iterations and also required minimum time period for getting
optimal solution.

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International Conference on Physics and Photonics Processes in Nano Sciences IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1362 (2019) 012088 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1362/1/012088

In this article we proposed a new concept for solving TP in easiest manner.

∑
 
(i) Arithmetic Mean AM = .


(ii) Harmonic Mean, HM =   


⋯

  
 
(iii) Geometric Mean, GM = (  ∙  ∙⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅∙  )  = (∏  ) 

 
 
⋯..
 
(iv) Quadratic Mean, QM =  .


2. Procedure for Proposed Approach to Find an optimal Solution

In the proposed approach, different mean is formed to find the optimum solution for the transportation
problem.
x Step-1: Construct a Transportation Table (TT) from the given transportation problem.
x Step-2: Ensure whether the TP is balanced or not, if not, make it balanced.
x Step-3: Obtain the PAM / PHM / PGM / PQM for each row and column by using the corresponding
principle.
x Step4: Choose the maximum mean value from step2 and assign the min (supply or demand) at the
place of lowest value of corresponding row or column.
x Step5: Reiterate step2 and step3 till the demand and supply are exhausted.
x Step6: Now transfer this allocation to the original TP.
x Step7: Finally calculate the total transportation cost of the TP.

3. Numerical Illustrations

Example 3.1.

(i) Illustrate Solution:

D1 D2 D3 D4 Supply
S1 4 6 8 8 40
S2 6 8 6 7 60
S3 5 7 6 8 50
Demand 20 30 50 50 150

The above mentioned transportation table is balanced, therefore it exist a IBFS to PGM method.

(ii) Arithmetic Mean

D1 D2 D3 D4 Supply

4 6
S1 10 30 8 8 40, 10 (6.50) (6) (6) (6)

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International Conference on Physics and Photonics Processes in Nano Sciences IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1362 (2019) 012088 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1362/1/012088

6 7
S2 6 8 10 50 60, 10 (6.75) (6.67) (6) **

5 6
S3 10 7 40 8 50, 10 (6.50) (6) (5.50) (5.50)

Demand 20,10 30 50, 40 50 150

(5) (7) (6.67) (7.67)

(5) (7) (6.67) **
(5) ** (6.67) **
(4.50) ** (7) **

The Transportation cost is

 = 4 ∗ 10 + 6 ∗ 30 + 6 ∗ 10 + 7 ∗ 50 + 5 ∗ 10 + 6 ∗ 40 = /-

(ii) Harmonic Mean

D1 D2 D3 D4 Supply

4 6
S1 10 30 8 8 40, 10 (6) (5.54) (5.33) (5.33)

6 7
S2 6 8 10 50 60, 10 (6.65) (6.55) (6) **

5 6
S3 10 7 40 8 50, 10 (6.30) (5.89) (5.45) (5.45)

Demand 20,10 30 50, 40 50 150

(4.86) (6.90) (6.55) (7.64)

(4.86) (6.90) (6.55) **
(4.86) ** (6.55) **
(4.44) ** (6.86) **
The Transportation cost is
 = 4 ∗ 10 + 6 ∗ 30 + 6 ∗ 10 + 7 ∗ 50 + 5 ∗ 10 + 6 ∗ 40 = /-

(iii) Geometric mean

D1 D2 D3 D4 Supply

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International Conference on Physics and Photonics Processes in Nano Sciences IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1362 (2019) 012088 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1362/1/012088

4 6
S1 8 8 40, 10 (6.26) (5.77) (5.66) (5.66)
10 30

6 7
S2 6 8 60, 10 (6.70) (6.60) (6) **
10 50

5 6
S3 7 8 50, 10 (6.40) (5.94) (5.48) (5.48)
10 40

Demand 20,10 30 50, 40 50 150

(4.93) (6.95) (6.60) (7.65)

(4.93) (6.95) (6.60) **
(4.93) ** (6.60) **
(4.47) ** (6.93) **
The Transportation cost is
 = 4 ∗ 10 + 6 ∗ 30 + 6 ∗ 10 + 7 ∗ 50 + 5 ∗ 10 + 6 ∗ 40 = /-

(iv) Quadratic mean

D1 D2 D3 D4 Supply

4 6
S1 10 30 8 8 40, 10 (6.71) (6.22) (6.32) (6.32)

6 7
S2 6 8 10 50 60, 10 (6.80) (6.73) (6) **

5 6
S3 10 7 40 8 50, 10 (6.60) (6.06) (5.52) (5.52)

Demand 20,10 30 50, 40 50 150

(5.07) (7.05) (6.73) (7.68)

(5.07) (7.05) (6.73) **
(5.07) ** (6.73) **
(5.10) ** (7.07) **

The Transportation cost is

 = 4 ∗ 10 + 6 ∗ 30 + 6 ∗ 10 + 7 ∗ 50 + 5 ∗ 10 + 6 ∗ 40 = /-

Example 3.2.
Illustrate

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International Conference on Physics and Photonics Processes in Nano Sciences IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1362 (2019) 012088 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1362/1/012088

D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 Supply
S1 12 8 11 18 11 6
S2 14 22 8 12 14 2
S3 14 14 16 14 15 4
S4 19 11 14 17 15 10
S5 13 9 17 20 11 9
Demand 2 8 7 10 4 31
Solution:
The above mentioned transportation table is balanced, therefore it exist a IBFS to PGM method.

Supp
D1 D2 D3 D4 D5
ly
11 (10.5 (10. (10.
S1 12 8 6 18 11 6 (12) (12) (12) **
) 5) 5)
12
S2 14 22 8 2 14 2 (14) ** ** ** ** ** **
14 (12. (12.
S3 14 14 16 4 15 4 ** ** ** ** **
6) 6)
11 17 (15. (15.2 (15. (14. (14.
S4 19 6 14 4 15 10, 6 ** **
2) ) 2) 8) 8)
13 11
9 17 9,8,6 (12.5 (12. (12. (12.
S5 2 1 20 (14) (14) (14)
2 4 ,2 ) 5) 5) 5)
Dema 10,
2 8, 2 7 4 31
nd 8, 4
(14. (12. (13. (16. (13.
4) 8) 2) 2) 2)
(14. (10. (14. (17. (13)
5) 5) 5) 3)
(14. (18. (12.
(9.3) (14)
7) 3) 3)
(14. (12.
(9.3) (14) **
7) 3)
(14. (12.
(9.3) (14) **
7) 3)
(12.
(8.5) (14) ** (11)
5)

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International Conference on Physics and Photonics Processes in Nano Sciences IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1362 (2019) 012088 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1362/1/012088

(13) (9) ** ** (11)

(i) Arithmetic Mean

The Transportation cost is

 = 11 ∗ 6 + 12 ∗ 2 + 14 ∗ 4 + 11 ∗ 6 + 17 ∗ 4 + 11 ∗ 4 + 13 ∗ 2 + 9 ∗ 2 + 17 ∗ 1 = /−

(ii) Harmonic Mean

(iii) Geometric Mean

SuppD5
D1 D1 D2 D2 D3 DD34 DD
5 4 Supply
ly
11
S 12 811 18 11 (11. 6(11.2 (11.6)
(11. (11.6)
(10.3 (11.6)
(10. (10.4) (10.4) **
S1 1 12 8 6
18 11 6 ** **
6 2) ) 2) ) 3)
12
S2 14 22 128 2 14 (12. 2 (13.3) ** ** ** ** **
S2 14 22 8 14 2 ** ** ** ** ** **
2
14
6)
S3 14 14 16 4 15 4 (14.6) (14.6) ** ** ** **
14
(14. (14.
S3 14 14 16 15 4 ** ** ** ** **
S4 19 11
6
414 17
4 15 6) 10, 66) (15) (15) (15) (15) ** **
11 17 (14. (14.7 (14. (14.
S4 19
13 96 14 17 4 15 10,116 ** ** **
S5 2 2 1 20 4 7) 9,8,6,2
) (13.4)
7) (13.4)
2) (13.4) (12.2) (12.2) (12.2) (
13 17 11
9 9,8,6 (12. (12.9 (12.9 (11.9 (11. (11. (10.
Demand
S5 2 2 8, 2 720 10, 8, 4 4 31
2 1 4 ,2 9) ) ) ) 9) 9) 8)
Dema (14.2) (11.9) (12.7)
10, (15.9) (13.1)
2 8, 2 7 4 31
nd (14.3) (10.3) 8, 4
(14.3) (17.11) (12.8)
(14. (11. (12. (15. (12.
6)(14.4) 3) (9.25)
2) (13.8)
7) (18.3)
9) (12.2)
(14.4)
(14. (10 (14)(9.25) (13.8)
(17 (12.** (12.2)
1) ) ) 7)
(14.4) (8.5) (13.8) ** (12.2)
(14. (9.2 (13. (18. (12.
1)(12.5) ) (8.5)6) (13.7)
3) 1)** (11)

(14. (9.2 (13. (12.

(13) (9) **
** ** (11)
1) ) 6) 6)
(12. (8.5 (13. (10.
**
5) ) 4) 9)
(13) (9) (17) ** (11)
(13) (9) ** ** (11)

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International Conference on Physics and Photonics Processes in Nano Sciences IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1362 (2019) 012088 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1362/1/012088

(iv) Quadratic Mean

D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 Supply
11
S1 12 8 6 18 11 6 (12.4) (12.4) (12.4) (10.6) (10.4) ** **
12
S2 14 22 8 2 14 2 (14.7) ** ** ** ** ** **
14
S3 14 14 16 4 15 4 (14.6) (14.6) ** ** ** ** **
11 17
S4 19 6 14 4 15 10, 6 (15.4) (15.4) (15.4) (15.2) ** ** **
13 9 17 11
S5 2 2 1 20 4 9,8,6,2 (14.6) (14.6) (14.6) (12.9) (12.9) (12.9) (11)
10, 8,
Demand 2 8, 2 7 4 31
4
(14.6) (13.8) (13.6)) (16.5) (13.3)
(14.8) (10.8) (14.7) (17.4) (13.2)
(14.9) (9.42) (14.2) (18.4) (12.5)
(14.9) (9.42) (14.2) ** (12.5)
(12.5) (8.5) (14.3) ** (11)
(13) (9) (17) ** (11)
(13) (9) ** ** (11)

The Transportation cost is

 = 11 ∗ 6 + 12 ∗ 2 + 14 ∗ 4 + 11 ∗ 6 + 17 ∗ 4 + 11 ∗ 4 + 13 ∗ 2 + 9 ∗ 2 + 17 ∗ 1 = /−

4. Result Analysis
After obtaining an optimum by the “proposed Mean Method”, the obtained result is compared with the
results obtained by other existing methods shown below
Table 1: Result Analysis

Method Example 3.1 Example3.2

920 385
Proposed Arithmetic

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International Conference on Physics and Photonics Processes in Nano Sciences IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1362 (2019) 012088 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1362/1/012088

Mean

Proposed Harmonic
920 385
Mean
Proposed Geometric
920 385
Mean
Proposed Quadratic
920 385
Mean
North West Corner
980 459
Method

Least Cost Method 960 383

VAM 960 383

MODI-Method 920 385

5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

In this article, we implemented the algorithm for less iterations and getting minimum optimal solution.
And also we have described the comparison results for various methods of TPM and (PAM, PHM,
PGM, PQM) is same as MODI's method in Table 4. Finally, we conclude that the (PAM, PHM, PGM,
PQM) is an important Geometrical tool for the decision makers when they are handling the variety of
logistic problems.

6. CONCLUSION
In this article, we implemented the algorithm for less iterations and getting minimum optimal solution.
And also we have described the comparison results for (PAM, PHM, PGM, PQM) which is same as
MODI method. The Four different mean methods (PAM, PHM, PGM, PQM) are important statistical
tool for the decision makers when they are handling the variety of logistic problems.

7. ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors are very much gratifying to the editors and the reviewers for their constructive observations
to progress this article.In this article, we implemented the algorithm for less iterations and getting
minimum optimal solution. And also we have described the comparison results for TPM and PGM is
same as that MODI’s method. The PGM is important Geometrical tool for the decision makers when
they are handling the variety of logistic problems.

8. REFERENCES
[1]. F.L.Hitchcock, “The distribution of a product from several sources to Numerous localities”,
Journal of Mathematical Physics, 20(1941), 224-230.
[2]. G.B.Dantzig, “Application of the simplex method to a transportation problem, Activity
Analysis of production and allocation”, (T.C. Koopmans ed.), Wiley, New York, (1951), 359-
373.
[3]. Charnes and Cooper, “The Stepping-Stone method for explaining linear Programming”,
Calculation in transportation problems, Management Science, 1(1)(1954), 49-69.

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International Conference on Physics and Photonics Processes in Nano Sciences IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1362 (2019) 012088 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1362/1/012088

[4]. Abdual Quddoos, Shakeel Javaid and M.M.Khalid, “A New Method for Finding anOptimal
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