Compos

ti
ng
Compos t
ingi
sthecontr
oll
edae r
obi
coranaer
obicbi
ologi
caldec
ompos
it
ionofor
ganic
ma tt
erintoast
able
,humuslikeproduc
tcall
edcompost.
Or
Itistheproce
ssofdecomposit
ioninwhic
hwa st
eispr
ogressi
vel
ybr
okendownbylivi
ng
organisms.

TypeofCompos
ti
ng

1.Onthebas
isofoxygens
uppl
y
1.
1.Aer
obi
c–I nthi
s,dec
ompos
it
ionofor
gani
cma
tt
erus
ingmi
croor
gani
smst
hat
 r
equi
reoxygen.
1.
2.Ana
erobi
c-Inthi
swa
stede
compos
ewi
thoutoxyge
n.

2.Onthebasisoftempe
ratur
e
2.
1.Mesophil
ic–Thisproces
sisc
arr
iedouti
nthetemper
at e25-400C.
ur
2.
2.The
rmo phil
ic–Thisproc
essi
scar
rie
doutinthete
mperat
ureabove550C.

3.Onthebas
isofte
chnology
3.
1.Windr
ows–Inthisme t
hodt
hecompost
ingi
sdoneinopena
rea
.
3.
2.Mechani
cal–Inthismet
hodcompos
ti
ngisdonei
nc l
ose
dvess
el.

4.India
nme thods
4.1.Indor
eme thod–
 I nt hisme thodi sdonei naerobi ccondi t
ionthema te
r i
alisturnedatspe
cif
ic
interva ls.
 Thel aye rsofve get
ablewa st
ea nds oilarealt
ernat
ivelypiledindepthof
a bout7. 5t o10c me a ch.
 At otalde pthofa bout1. 5minat r
e nchorabovethegr oundt ofor
mamound
c al
le dawi ndr ow.
 Fors tarti
ngt het urningoperation ,thefir
stturnisma nuall
ygi venusi
nglong
h andle dra kes4t o7da ysaft
e rfilli
ng.
 Thes e condt ur nisgive naf
ter5t o10mor edays.Furtherturningi
snormall
y
n otr equireda ndt hec omposti sre a
dyi n2t o4we eks.
 Ent irepr oc esstakea bout4mont h.

4.
2.Ba
nga
loreme t
hod–
 Thisisa nanaerobicme t
hodconventionallyca r
ri
edouti npit
s .
 Ther efuseands oilarepil
edupi nlayerina nunde rgr
ounde art
hentre
nchof
about10m*1. 5m*1. 5m.
 Thema ssiscove r
e da ti
tst
opbys oila bout15c mde pth.
 Thepi tiscomple t
e l
yf i
ll
edandaf inalsoillayerislai
dtopre ventf
ly
breeding,entr
yofr ai
nwa te
rintothepita ndf orconser
vati
onoft herel
eas
ed
energy.
 Thema ter
iali
sa ll
owe dtode c
ompos ef or4to6mont hsa f
terwhichthe
st
abili
s edma t
erialistakenoutandus eda scompos t.

Pr
oper
ti
esofCompos t
ing
1.Colourisbla
ckb rowntoblackwit
hear
thl
yodour .
2.ThepHi sne
utralbutpHrangeof6.
5to7.
5i sac
c ept
abl
e.
3.Thele ve
lofnitr
ogen,potass
ium,phos
phorousshouldbemor
etha
n1%.
4.Thec ompostshouldnei
the
rbedry/l
umpyorwa t
ery.

Pr
oce
ssofCompos
ti
ng
Inthisproc e s
s,va r
iousmi c roorga nis ms ,includingba cter
iaa ndfungi ,breakdownor ga ni
c
ma t
terintos i
mpl ers ubs t
a nc es.Thee ffectivene ssoft hecompos t
ingpr oc e
ssi sdependent
upont hee nvironme ntalc ondi ti
onspr e sentwi thint hecompos ti
ngs ystemi .
e .oxygen,
tempera t
ur e,moi s
tur e,ma terialdis turba nce,o rga nicma t
t era ndthes izeanda cti
vit
yof
microbialpopul a
t i
ons .
I nit
ia ldecompos itioni sca rr
ie doutbyme sophili
cmi c r
oorga nisms
 Whi c hoxidiset heor ganicma ttertoc arbondi oxidea ndliberatehe at
.
 Thehe attheypr oduc ec aus est hec omp ostt empe raturet orapidlyr i
se.
 Ast het empe ra t
ur er isesa bovea bout40° C,t heme s ophi l
icmi croorga ni
s msbe come
lessc ompe ti
tivea nda rer epla cedbyot h erst hataret hermophi lic,orhe a t
-l
oving.
0
 Dur ingthispha se,t het empe ratur eisfur t
he rr i
sesa bout60 Cwhi chha stobe
ma intainfora tle ast3da ys.
 Opt imumde compos iti
onoc c urbe t
we en550C t o600C.
 Buti fthet empe ratur ee xcee ds600C,d ecompos i
tions l
owsdown.
 Ast hes uppl yoft he sehi gh-e ne rgyc ompoundsbe come sexha usted,thec ompost
tempe r
aturegr ad uallyde crea sesa ndme sophi li
cmi c roorganismsonc ea gai
ntake
ove rforthef ina lpha seof" cur ing"orma tur at
ionoft herema iningor ganicma tt
er.
 Thee nti
rec ompos t
ingge tcompl e t
e dina bout3- 4mont htime .
 Vol umer educ ti
onofor ganicma terialisa bout50%.

Pha
sesofc
ompos
ti
ng
Unde
ride
alc
ondi
ti
ons
,compos
ti
ngpr
oce
edst
hrought
hre
ema
jorpha
ses
:

 Me s
ophi
licpha
se: 
Anini
ti
al
,me s
ophi
li
cphase
,inwhi
chthedec
ompos
it
ioni
sca
rri
ed
outunde
rmode r
atet
emper
atur
esbymesophi
li
cmicr
oor
ganis
ms.

 The
rmophil
icphas
e: 
Asthet
emperat
ureri
ses
,asec
ond,t
her
mophi
li
cphases
tar
ts,i
n
whi
chthedecomposi
ti
onisc
arr
iedoutbyvar
ioust
her
mophi
li
cbac
ter
iaunde
rhigh
t
emper
atur
es.

 Matur
ati
onphas
e: 
Asthes
upplyofhigh-
ene
rgycompoundsdwindl
es,t
hetempe
rat
ure
s
tar
tstodec
rea
se,andt
hemesophi
lesoncea
gainpr
edominat
einthematur
ati
onpha
se.